既有建築消防管路系統劣化評估模式之研究

'"> amp, lt, gt, apos, quot"> ]> 廖文仁 Wen-Jen Liao 既有建築消防管路系統劣化評估模式之研究 The Research of Fire Prevention System Pipeline Deterioration in Existing Buildings 楊詩弘碩士國立台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所 94528520 97 98 中文 142 室內消防栓劣化管內探測器腐蝕 Indoor Hose Saddle Facility Deterioration tube detection corrosion of metal 近年我國國民對於高生活水準的需求日益提高，對建築物品質與性能更為大眾所關切。然而建築設備的設置對於現代人的居住環境品質，包括了居住環境的安全性、效率性、舒適性與保建性等四大需求有著很大的影響。雖然建築結構體與設備在耐用壽命不同，然而隨著使用年數的增加將逐漸產生劣化並導致性能的低下。但以「類人化」的觀點，消防系統如同人體的免疫防禦系統一般，扮演著緊急防護的角色，而消防系統常因外在環境與施工品質等因素的作用下，使得系統劣化程度影響了整個系統的運作正常進而影響到了生命財產的安全。有鑑於此，本研究嘗試以「室內消防栓設備」系統為對象，對於消防設備管路系統的現況情形，經由「目測法」「管內探測器試驗法」等研究方法，使用大、小不同口徑的管內探測器，施行實際的案例檢測，藉以建立檢測與評估的體系，希望能有效且快速的掌握相關設備的劣化現況及性能狀態，以作為設備進行保養、維修、或更新的參考依據。然而「不動產證券化」為政府發展不動產產業的既定政策，而不動產的價值評估不應只考慮建造地點，建物總成本及使用年數等因素，更應將未來可能發生大規模修繕或更新的費用以及性能低下、殘存壽命的估測，列入估算之考量因素，使得不動產的價值估算，更能貼近現實。且為因應「建築預防醫學」的原理與趨勢，在預防重於治療、事前治療勝於事後救災的原則下，如何建立起一個有效而客觀評估模式，以幫助建築物的使用者與管理者在有限的資源下，訂定分階段性之維護、修繕之延壽計劃，進而維持或增加其資產價值。本研究並就實際應用於，現有案例之操作方法、評估模式且針對實際操作所得致之成果，對國內推動建築物設備之健康診斷及建築物維護等延壽策略之研究結果。分別由1.檢測儀器選擇與使用方法的「操作面」2.針對檢測結果與評估分級，探討維護管理的「組織面」3.經由「類人化建築醫學」所提出的預防性建築健診的策略，針對法規制度、規劃設計的「計劃面」等方面的缺失及於實證檢測所遭遇的問題，提出結論與建議修改之處。 In recently years, the people who live in Taiwan are demanding high level of living style, the quality and functionality of building is one of their top concerns. The safety, efficiency, comfortableness, and guarantees of structure four requirements of living environments have a big impact on quality of building facility for the modern people. Although the durable life of building structure and facility are different, they will be degraded due to defects and increase of usage, But from the standpoint of “Diagnosis and Inspections ”, the fire prevention system is the same as human immunization system, it acts as a role of emergency protection. Therefore, the eternal environment and construction quality are the key factors of fire prevention system, and operation of system is impact by the system deterioration, then jeopardized the safety of life and properties. Based on the history, the research is trying to use “Fiber Score” system as the entity. For the current condition of fire prevention facility pipeline system, via “ocular estimate estimation by eye” or “tube detection experience” research methodologies, and employ different sizes of tube detector to execute the real cases and examinations. Then we can establish a system for examination and appraisal. Hopefully, we can control the status of deterioration and performance of related facilities in rapidly and efficiently, and as a reference to maintain, service or renew the facility or system. However, the “real estate securitization” should not be the deciding policy for government real estate industry development, and the value real estate should not only consider the building place, the cost, or year of usage, it should put massive maintenance, the cost of renew equipment, and remaining usage into consideration. So, the appraisal of the real estate will be more realistic. To follow the theory and trend of “hominization of construction medicine”, and the rule of prevention again in treatment, treated in anticipation wins in afterward the disaster relief, how to establish a model more efficiency and objective appraisal, and help the user or superintendent of the building in limited resources, to schedule services and maintenances of extension projects, then maintain or increase its property value. This research is to improve strategy of healthy diagnosis of building facility and maintenance or extending quality of the building, nationwide, based on the results of operational methodology, appraisal model of current case study. Also, this research is categorized in: 1.Operation Aspect - The selection of examination instrument and the method of operation. 2.Organization Aspect - The discussion of maintenance and management, based on the examination results and different appraisal stages. 3.Planning Aspect - Propose the suggestions and remedies for the current flaw of regulations or building plemning design, via preventive construction diagnosis strategy from “hominization of construction medicine”. 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 III 誌謝 VI 目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 圖目錄 XIV 第一章　緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2研究動機與目的 1 1.3研究範圍 2 1.4研究方法及流程 7 1.4.1研究方法 7 1.4.2研究流程 8 1.4.3重要文獻回顧 9 1.5預期成果 11 第二章　建築物的消防系統與相關課題檢討 13 2.1前言 13 2.2影響管路腐蝕與劣化之探討 13 2.2.1劣化之探討 13 2.2.2設備劣化與診斷 17 2.3建築物消防系統類別 19 2.3.1消防系統方式探討 19 2.3.2消防栓系統設備之組成 24 2.4建築物水系統常用管材概述 25 2.4.1影響管路腐蝕與劣化之探討 26 2.4.2腐蝕的類別 28 2.4.3鍍鋅鋼管劣化部份與原因 33 2.5管路施工方式分析 35 2.5.1管路系統施工工法探討 35 2.5.2各式材質管路切割的機具整理 36 2.5.3管路連接工法概述 36 2.5.4管路的支撐與固定 39 2.6消防安全檢查制度與內容探討 42 2.7小結 47 第三章　配管劣化程度評估方法的建立 48 3.1前言 48 3.2評估的位階 48 3.3劣化診斷評估計劃 49 3.3.1診斷計劃製作 49 3.3.2製作診斷計劃書 50 3.3.3製作診斷報告書 50 3.4診斷基準與評估項目 52 3.4.1調查診斷對象及範圍 52 3.4.2診斷評估項目 52 3.4.3診斷評估基準 54 3.4.4綜合劣化度的判定 57 3.5診斷工具及操作方法 59 3.5.1管路系統非破壞性檢測方法的探討 60 3.5.2操作方法 60 3.5.3目視檢測法 61 3.5.4大口徑管內探測器 61 3.5.5小口徑管內探測器 63 第四章　室內消防栓管路系統劣化診斷實證研究 65 4.1前言 65 4.2評估系統之應用 65 4.2.1調查計劃 65 4.2.2案例選擇 67 4.2.3試演練案例操作 67 4.3案例實證之操作 76 4.3.1案例A之消防栓管路系統劣化現況評估 76 4.3.2案例B之消防栓管路系統劣化現況評估 86 4.3.3案例C之消防栓管路系統劣化現況評估 95 4.3.4案例D之消防栓管路系統劣化現況評估 104 4.3.5案例E之消防栓管路系統劣化現況評估 114 4.4小結 121 第五章　實施既有建築劣化強制檢測之策略研議 122 5.1前言 122 5.2劣化診斷工具選擇與技術使用操作面策略 122 5.2.1管內探測器操作技術之探討 122 5.3 管內探測器實證操作之對策 123 5.4維護管理組織面之對策 124 5.5法規制度規劃設計面之對策 125 5.5.1對於規劃設計的建議 125 5.5.2對於法令規範的建議 125 5.6小結 128 第六章　結論與建議 130 6.1結論 130 6.1.1強制建築物健康診斷機制 130 6.1.2建築物消防栓管路系統評估模式 130 6.2研究建議 131 6.2.1建築物消防栓管路系統研究建議 131 6.3建築健診實務化與法制化之建議 131 6.3.1政策與法規面之建議 131 6.4後續研究 133 參考文獻 135 附錄 138 案例A管內照片 138 案例B管內照片 139 案例C管內照片 140 案例D管內照片 141 案例E管內照片 142 A書籍 [1]建築躯体．部材．設備等の耐用年数調查，社団法人建築．設備維持保全推進協会（BELCA），1998 [2]劉培智，腐蝕的原因與防止，台北市：臺灣電力公司電力研究所 [3]劉漢璋年，水電工程施工實務，台北市：詹氏書局，1991 [4]柯賢文，腐蝕及其防制，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，1995 [5]関　五郎，空調、電氣、衛生設備と劣化診斷と對策，日本：株式会社ォーム社，2006 [6]日本建築設備診斷機構，設備配管の診斷と改修讀本，日本：日本建築設備診斷機構，1997 [7]種田　稔等，設備配管の改修と耐久計設，日本：株式伝社彰国社，1989 [8]財団法人建築保全センター，建築設備の維持保全と劣化診斷，日本：財団法人経済調查会，1995 [9]王堯雄，管路施工，台北市：科技圖書股份有限公司，1989 [10]周鼎金，建築設備，茂榮出版社，1998 [11]江益璋、柯忠和等譯，設備診斷技術實用手冊，日本設備維護協會（JIPM）原作，1999 [12]社団法人建築．設備維持保全推進協会，建築設備断評価基準，社団法人建築．設備維持保全推進協会，2004 [13]成大環境控制研究所．新建築與設備的接點，六合出版社，1994.11 B期刊論文 [1]周家鵬，集合住宅系統化工法技術性規範分析整理－設備水電部份，內政部建研所1995 [2]吳讓治等，集合住宅住戶使用手冊範本之研訂，台北市：內政部建研所，1995 [3]蔡宗潔等，建築物管線老化與劣化非破壞性檢測技術之建置，台北市：內政部建研所，2006 [4]蔡添璧等，公寓大廈公共安全檢查制度之研究，台北市：內政部建研所，1996 [5]黃世孟等，各級學校校舍維護管理參考作業手冊，台北市：教育部，2002 [6]江哲銘等，集合住宅管線系統調查與設置準則之研究，台北市：內政部建築研究所，1995 [7]賴榮平，自動化辦公建築設備管理維護及更新準則之研究，台北市：內政部建築研究所，1993.06 [8]張智元、黃世孟，類人化建築物健康管理績效指標之研究，台北市：中華民國建築學會，2004 [9]楊詩弘，建築以類人化觀點建立設施健診制度與維修再用之研究(Ⅲ)，台北市：國家科學委員會，2008 C學位論文 [1]陳裕益，永續發展理念下都市住宅設備現況調查分析，國立成功大學建築研究所，碩士論文，2001。 [2]何恭聖，住宅給排水衛生設備健康檢查之研究，國立成功大學建築研究所，碩士論文，2002 [3]陳嘉煥，本省住宅設備水準之評估－住宅設備標準之擬議，國立成功大學建築研究所，碩士論文，1979 [4]洪君泰，國民住宅設備與構造配合問題之探討，國立成功大學建築研究所，碩士論文，1981 [5]李惟義，以維護觀點探討集合住宅給排水管路配設空間之研究，國立成功大學建築研究所，碩士論文，2003 [6]楊詩弘，板片式整體衛浴工程施工品管之研究，國立成功大學建築研究所碩士論文，1996 [7]洪子茵，台北市集合住宅管理維護模式之研究，國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文，2001.07 [8]王建翔，住宅電氣設備健康檢查之研究，國立成功大學建築研究所環境控制組，碩士論文，2002 [9]楊天鐸，建築物維護管理系統之建立，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，碩士論文，2003.06 [10]江南震，住宅建築給水配管的劣化診斷與使用壽期之研究，國立台灣科技大學工程技術研究所，碩士論文，1999.06 [11]張智元，建築醫學之概念與應用機制研究，國立台灣大學土木工程研究所，博士論文，2006 [12]李嘉健，既有學校建築設備管理與維護機制之研究，以台北地區公立國民中學校為例，國立台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所，碩士論文，2005 U0006-0102200900455200 鄭鵬企 Peng-Chi Cheng 無機聚合物材料應用於CLSM之研究 A Study on CLSM Using Geopolymer 吳傳威碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428504 97 98 中文 81 無機聚合物黏&#32467 材料控制性低強度材料 Geopolymer Bonded Material CLSM 在地下管溝或結構物開挖後的回填施工實務上，控制性低強度材料(CLSM)解決了回填料夯實不足，造成路面或回填區沉陷的問題。目前使用的CLSM主要是以卜特蘭I型水泥作為黏结材料。卜特蘭水泥雖是ㄧ種普遍使用且發展成熟的材料，但一方面其製程並不環保，另一方面則因其水化反應不斷進行，導致回填材料難以真正控制在低強度，造成日後再度開挖的困難，並不符合使用CLSM之原始目的。本研究嘗試採用近年國內外新開發之一種無機聚合物材料(Geopolymer)來代替水泥，作為CLSM的黏结材，與粗細骨材一起拌合。在維持高流動性(坍度)的前提下，製作CLSM圓柱試體。選擇28天與12小時龄期平均抗壓強度比值較低的配比，試驗驗證其坍度、長度變化率、初凝時間等物理性能。本實驗結果初步顯示，無機聚合物材料以適當配比拌合，確實可達到CLSM在早強、低強度、與低體積變化率上之需求。 For the construction practice of backfill after excavation of underground ducts or structures, the controlled low strength material (CLSM) has solved the problems of settlement of road surface or backfilled area due to insufficient compaction. At present, CLSM generally uses Portland type I cement as the bond material. Cement is a widely used but is not quite an environment protection material, and on the other hand, its continuous hydrated reaction property would cause not easy to control its final strength. It may thus increase the difficulty of future excavation, and then is not coincide with the original purpose of CLSM. In the present study, a newly developed material, namely Geopolymer, is used to replace Portland cement in the CLSM, and mixed with coarse and fine aggregates. The test cylinders were made with high workability. The formula gived the lower average values of compression strength for 28 days and 12 hours was chosen to testify its slump, rate of length change, as well as time of setting. The preliminary result shown that Geopolymer with appropriate formula would fulfill the requirements of CLSM for early setting, low strength, and low rate of volume. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 2 1.3 研究方法與內容 3 第二章文獻回顧 4 2.1　CLSM 4 2.2 無機聚合物材料 6 2.3　CLSM抗壓強度測試 7 第三章實驗計畫 8 3.1 試驗規範 8 3.2 試體規劃 10 3.2.1 抗壓強度試體規劃及計算 10 3.2.2 長度變化率試體規劃及計算 12 3.2.3 凝結時間試體規劃及計算 14 3.3 試驗材料 16 3.3.1 無機聚合物材料 16 3.3.2 氫氧化鈉水溶液 22 3.3.3 標準砂 23 3.3.4 卜特蘭I型水泥 24 3.3.5 混凝土粗細粒料 24 3.4 試驗設備 28 3.4.1 試驗機 28 3.4.2 磅秤 31 3.4.3 長度變化量測儀與標準棒 32 3.4.4 試體模具 33 3.4.5 混凝土試拌設備 35 3.4.6 墁料之機械拌合機 37 3.4.7 流動性台及流度尺 38 3.4.8 水平儀(水準氣泡) 39 3.4.9 養護池 40 3.4.10 濕養櫃 40 3.4.11 恆溫恆濕機 41 3.5 試驗程序 42 3.5.1 砂漿墁料拌合、流度及抗壓試驗 42 3.5.2 砂漿試體長度變化試驗 49 3.5.3 混凝土拌合程序 51 3.5.4 混凝土坍度試驗 51 3.5.5 混凝土初凝試驗 54 3.5.6 CLSM圓柱抗壓試驗 56 3.5.7 混凝土圓柱抗壓試驗 59 第四章試驗分析與結果 60 4.1砂漿試驗 60 4.1.1 卜特蘭I型水泥砂漿抗壓強度 60 4.1.2 無機聚合物材料與飛灰取代部分水泥 60 4.1.3 無機聚合物材料取代全部水泥 62 4.1.4 卜特蘭I型水泥砂漿長度變化試驗 65 4.1.5 無機聚合物砂漿長度變化試驗 66 4.2 CLSM試驗 68 4.2.1 實驗室配比設計混凝土坍度與圓柱試體抗壓強度 68 4.2.2 無機聚合物CLSM坍度與圓柱試體抗壓強度 70 4.2.3 無機聚合物CLSM圓柱試體抗壓破壞模式 73 4.2.4 實驗室混凝土初凝時間 74 4.2.5 無機聚合物CLSM初凝時間 75 4.2.6 無機聚合物CLSM經濟性分析 75 第五章結論與建議 77 5.1結論 77 5.2建議 78 參考文獻 80 [1] ACI Committee 318, ACI 318M-02, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, 2002. 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[9] 內政部營建署，控制性低強度材料於土木工程應用之研究，內政部營建署網站，網址：http://w3.cpami.gov.tw/design5/index1.htm，2002。 [10] 丘俊萍，利用高爐爐渣製成無機聚合材料之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學材料及資源工程研究所，台北，2002。 [11] 朱庭賢，耐高溫無機聚合樹脂粘接材料之開發研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學材料及資源工程研究所，台北，2006。 [12] 交通部公路總局，施工說明書，交通部公路總局，第一冊，2005。 [13] 吳明修，無機聚合樹脂應用於RC梁FRP貼片剪力補強之耐高溫研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所，台北，2008。 [14] 吳思緯，無機聚合樹脂應用於RC梁FRP貼片撓曲補強之耐高溫研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所，台北，2008。 [15] 李維峰、鄭瑞濱，控制性低強度材料之工程應用案例研究，財團法人台灣營建研究院網站，網址：http://www.tcri.org.tw/CHTV2/research/pdf/014.pdf。 [16] 林炳炎，飛灰、矽灰、高爐爐石用在混凝土中，著者出版。 [17] 柴希文、謝佩昌，礦物摻料在高流動低強度回填料的應用，應用礦物摻料提昇混凝土品質研討會論文集，台灣營建研究院，1999。 [18] 黃兆龍、江奇成、吳文龍，混合廢鑄件應用控制低強度材料之可行性研究，網址：http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/cpnet/download/paper/2003/B01.pdf。 [19] 經濟部中央標準局，CNS中國國家標準，國家標準檢索系統，網址：http://www.cnsonline.com.tw/。 [20] 黎光傑，無機聚合樹脂粘接材料應用於包覆玻璃纖維補強混凝土之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所，台北，2006。 [21] 潘昌林、鄭瑞濱，控制性低強度材料(CLSM)之工程運用，台灣營建知識網，網址：http://www.c-km.org.tw/link/CLSM之工程運用.pdf。 [22] 戴詩潔，高嶺石鋁矽酸鹽聚合材料之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學材料及資源工程研究所，台北，2004。 U0006-0102200905224100 李德貞 Te-Chen Lee 感應耦合電漿放射光譜法對塑膠手機外殼中重金屬的含量分析 Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Plastic Mobile Shell by ICP-OES 蘇昭瑾碩士國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所 95518508 97 98 中文 110 塑膠感應耦合電漿放射光譜儀重金屬微波消化法傳統加熱板消化法 Plastic ICP-OES Heavy metal Microwave digestion Hotplate digestion 電子塑化材料中重金屬含量的定量分析是非常重要的議題，因為重金屬會進入人體引起各種病變。本研究以感應耦合電漿放射光譜儀(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy, ICP-OES)偵測鉛、鎘、鉻，三種常存在塑膠手機外殼中的重金屬含量。在論文中以微波消化和傳統加熱板消化此兩種常見的方式進行樣品前處理，比較並討論其分析結果。 Quantitative analysis of heavy metal content in plastic-based electronic products is an important issue because heavy metal is able to enter human body to cause various pathological change. In this work, Pb, Cd and Cr, three heavy metal frequently found in plastic mobile shell, are analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results from two common methods for sample pretreatment: microwave digestion and traditional hotplate digestion were compared and discussed in the thesis. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 ix 第一章前言 1 1.1 研究緣起 1 1.2 研究目的 9 第二章文獻回顧 11 2.1 歐盟電子電機產品之危害物質限用指令(RoHS) 11 2.1.1 RoHS之發展現況 11 2.1.1.1 歐美RoHS之推動及現況 12 2.1.1.2 亞洲RoHS之推動及現況 15 2.1.2 重金屬對人體的影響 20 2.1.2.1 重金屬鉛對人體的影響 20 2.1.2.2 重金屬鎘對人體的影響 21 2.1.2.3 重金屬鉻對人體的影響 22 2.2 塑膠手機外殼 24 2.2.1 手機產品因應RoHS的發展現況 25 2.2.1.1 國外針對手機產品因應RoHS的管制規範 26 2.2.1.2 國內針對手機產品因應RoHS的管制規範 28 2.2.2 國際大廠因應RoHS的推動及現況 30 2.3 消化前處理方法 30 2.3.1 乾式灰化 31 2.3.2 濕式消化 31 2.4 檢測塑膠中重金屬常使用的前處理方法 32 第三章研究方法 33 3.1 實驗方法 33 3.1.1 微波消化 33 3.1.1.1 微波樣品前處理基本原理 34 3.1.1.2 微波消化器之元件介紹 35 3.1.1.3 微波消化器的條件設定 40 3.1.2 傳統加熱板消化 41 3.1.3 感應耦合電漿放射光譜儀(ICP-OES) 43 3.1.3.1 ICP-OES原理 43 3.1.3.2 ICP-OES分析條件 50 3.2 實驗流程 51 3.2.1 微波消化法 51 3.2.2 傳統加熱板消化法 52 第四章結果與討論 53 4.1 歐洲參考物質測試結果 53 4.1.1 不同體積比例消化試劑之探討 54 4.1.1.1 微波消化法 54 4.1.1.2 傳統加熱板消化法 55 4.2 真實樣品(塑膠手機外殼)檢測分析 64 4.2.1 方法偵測極限檢測結果 64 4.2.2 檢量線檢測結果 64 4.2.3 空白試驗結果 64 4.2.4 品管查核樣品分析結果 65 4.3 微波消化法與傳統加熱板消化法的差異 98 4.4 真實樣品(塑膠手機外殼)重金屬含量探討 99 第五章結論 101 參考文獻 102 附錄 106 [ 1 ] 朱達德，「綠色電子產品檢驗」，永續產業發展雙月刊，第14 期，93年4月15日，p44~51。 [ 2 ] 張芳塻：2004清潔生產暨永續發展研討會。2004年11月，取自 http://proj.moeaidb.gov.tw/cpnet/download/paper/2004/A17.pdf。 [ 3 ] Directive 2003/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment(WEEE), the Official Journal of the European Union, L37, 13. 2. 2003, 24. 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[ 36 ] 林煌仁，碩士論文，”建立土壤重金屬快速檢測方法”，國 立中興大學環境工程學系， (2005) 台灣。 [ 37 ] 全國公證檢驗股份有限公司，「綠色產品驗證之標準與未來趨勢」，研討會課程講義。 [ 38 ] SGS台灣檢驗科技，「綠色電子產品之禁/限用物質檢測研習會」課程講義。 [ 39 ] 林蕙雅，碩士論文，”安胎劑中鉛、鎘、鉻、砷元素含量之分析探討”，朝陽科技大學應用化學系， (2001) 台灣。 [ 40 ] 博精儀器股份有限公司，「ICP-OES 基本原理」課程講義。 [ 41 ] 博精儀器股份有限公司，「ICP/OES 感應耦合電漿放射光譜儀」課程講義。 [ 42 ] 林柏廷，碩士論文，”以感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀檢測中藥重金屬含量之研究”，朝陽科技大學應用化學系， (2002) 台灣。 [ 43 ] 翁瑞麟，碩士論文，”微波輔助產生揮發性基質化合物結合感應偶合電漿質譜儀於硒及鍺粉末和矽及石英中微量不純物分析之應用”，國立中山大學化學研究所， (2004) 台灣。 [ 44 ] Plastics-Determination of cadmium-Wet decomposition method, Method B, BS EN 1122, UK, (2001). [ 45 ] SW-846 EPA Method 3050B, Acid digestion of sediments.Sludges and soils, in: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 3rd Edition, 3rd Update, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, (1995). [ 46 ] 郭武居，碩士論文，”塑膠材料中重金屬含量之測定”，國立台北科技大學化學工程研究所， (2007) 台灣。 [ 47 ] SW-846 EPA Method 3052, Microwave assisted acid digestion of siliceous and organically based matrices, in: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 3rd Edition, 3rd Update, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC,(1995). U0006-0102200910433700 林彥龍 Yen-Lung Lin T-DMB的互動性場景的解碼與呈現 The decoding and presentation of T-DMB interaction scene 尤信程 Shingchern D. You 碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598016 97 98 中文 80 數位多媒體廣播 MPEG-4 物件描述場景描述二元場景描述 T-DMB MPEG-4 object description scene description BIFS T-DMB為韓國的數位電視規格，與現今歐規的DVB-T相比，額外提供了場景資料，此技術是使用規格MPEG-4 part11:Binary format for scene (BIFS,二元場景描述)。 MPEG-4主要目的是定義一個高壓縮率的互動性多媒體系統，其規格是由十九個部分組成的，包括系統、視訊、聲音、確認測試軟體、參考軟體、二元場景描述及多媒體傳輸架構等。本論文的研究範圍以「二元場景描述」為主題，二元場景描述部分提供一個具有互動性的場景，以展現使用者與各種媒體物件的互動性。二元場景描述分別定義了場景編碼、場景描述、場景路由機制。本論文自行設計一二元場景描述的解碼與管理的系統，配合影像資料最後可供合成繪圖器來繪製出一互動式場景。 T-DMB is South Korea''s digital TV specifications, with the current regulations of the European DVB-T, compared the scene to provide additional information, this technology is to use standard MPEG-4 part-11: scene description and application engine. The main objective of MPEG-4 is to define an interactive multimedia system with high compression ratio. It includes twenty-one parts, which are system, visual, audio, conformance testing, reference software, delivery multimedia integration framework , scene description and application engine, etc. This thesis studies the scene description and application engine part, which provide the interactive scenes. The interactive scenes can handle the user input event and pass the message which the event trigged to changing the scene. The scene description and application engine part defines scene description. This thesis designed a binary scene description decoding and managing system. It can be rendering a interactive scene for render with video data. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章序論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 1 1.3 章節介紹 2 第二章相關標準 3 2.1 T-DMB 3 2.2 VRML 5 2.3 MPEG 6 2.4 SMIL與BIFS 8 2.5 MICROSOFT DIRECTDRAW AND INTEL JPEG LIBRARY 11 第三章 T-DMB的標準 13 3.1 T-DMB各層級的標準 13 3.2 互動性場景的定義 14 3.3 T-DMB互動性場景的組成與傳送 14 3.4 MPEG-4 16 3.5 MPEG-4 PART1 19 3.5.1 System Decode Model 19 3.5.2 Syntactic Description Language 22 3.5.3 Object Description Framework 23 3.5.4 Synchronization of Elementary Stream 28 3.5.5 Profile 32 3.6 MPEG-4 PART11 33 3.6.1 Scene Description 33 3.6.2 Binary Format for Scene 35 3.6.3 Route 36 3.6.4 Profile 37 3.7 MPEG-2 37 3.8 MPEG-2 PART1 39 3.8.1 Transport Stream 39 3.8.2 Carriage of MPEG-4 Data in Transport Stream 42 第四章設計及實作 46 4.1 實作方法 46 4.2 系統架構 46 4.3 資料流檔案的RS與交錯解碼 47 4.4 資料流的解析流程 50 4.5 資料流管理模組的實作 52 4.6 物件描述架構與場景描述解碼模組的實作 56 4.7 繪圖與事件處理模組的實作 62 4.7.1 H264 Decoder 62 4.7.2 JPEG Decoder 65 4.7.3 Visual Render 66 4.7.4 Windows Message Procedure 67 4.7.5 Event Handler 68 第五章成果展示 70 5.1 範例展示 70 5.2 互動式場景結構說明 72 第六章結論 77 參考文獻 79 書籍 [1] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Systems, ISO/IEC 14496-1 International Standard, November 1999。 [2] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Systems, ISO/IEC 14496-1 International Standard, November 2004。 [3] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Systems, ISO/IEC 13818-1 International Standard, December 1998。 [4] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Systems, ISO/IEC 13818-1 International Standard, December 2000。 [5] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Audio, ISO/IEC 14496-3 International Standard, May 1998。 [6] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Scene description and application engine, ISO/IEC 14496-11 International Standard, December 2005。 [7] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: Advanced Video Coding (AVC) file format, ISO/IEC 14496-15 International Standard, November 2004。 [8] Coding of Audio-Visual Objects: VRML97, ISO/IEC 14772-1 International Standard, 1997。 [9] ITU H.264 March 2005。 [10] ETSI 102 427: Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB);Data Broadcasting - MPEG-2 TS streaming. [11] ETSI 102 428: Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB);DMB video service; User Application Specification. [12] DirectX 8.1 SDK Help, Microsoft Corporation, 2001。 [13] Fernando Pereira and Touradj Ebrahimi, The MPEG-4 Book, New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR。 [14] Lai-Tee Cheok, Alexandros Eleftheriadis, SMIL VS MPEG-4 BIFS: Columbia University Department of Electrical Engineering [15] 李建漢，DirectX實技，台北：松崗電腦圖書資料股份有限公司，2005，頁次:1-1~16-9。 [16] 黃錦熹，DirectX多媒體程式開發實務，台北：電腦人文化，2004，頁次:1-1~2-38。學位論文 [17] 林文琪，MPEG-4合成器的實作，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學資訊工程研究所，台北，民91。 [18] 簡豪良，MPEG4系統資料流解碼器之設計及實作，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學資訊工程研究所，台北，民91。 U0006-0102200916061800 王麗燕 Li-Yen Wang 設計師與消費者產品認知差異研究-以華碩皮革筆記型電腦為例 The Cognitive Differences of Product between Designers and Consumers–A Case study of ASUS Leather Notebook. 邊守仁 Shou-Jen Bien 碩士國立台北科技大學創新設計研究所 94588513 97 98 中文 128 設計師與消費者認知差異皮革筆記型電腦 designers and consumers cognitive difference leather notebook 本研究主要探討設計師與消費者對於相同產品外觀材質感受差異，並以華碩筆記型電腦為例，瞭解設計師和消費族群對於皮革使用於筆記型電腦的不同感官認知。研究過程分為三個階段，第一階段透過相關文獻與研究，以建立本研究的架構，並且提出研究目的與假設；第二階段為篩選受測樣本，將以全球市場上銷售的第一台皮革筆記型電腦S6作為調查受測樣本，屬於同一系列華碩皮革筆記型電腦包括S6、U1、U2、U3、U6、W6、F8P等，研究對象設計師專家訪談採取半結構式問卷，針對產品的開發背景以及創作理念進行訪談，經由訪談的結果導出消費者問卷。再以設計師訪談結論對照消費者問卷分析結果，了解設計師與消費者對於皮革筆記型電腦認知上的交集與差異，第三階段為研究實驗所得資料之分析。本研究主要發現如下： (1)大多數的人對皮革材質的意象感受為精品的、高級的。 (2)皮革材質應用於筆記型電腦時，前者的意象感受並無法完全轉化成為後者的意象感受。 (3)設計師和消費者對於皮革材質意象的感受，不會因其文化與專業背景而有極大的差異。 The study aims to discuss the recognition difference of the leather material between designers and consumers, and the case of the Asus leather notebooks was deployed. The research is composed of three parts. In the first part, by reviewing literatures, the research objective, framework, and hypothesis are proposed. The second part is to determine the research case. The Asus S6, the first leather notebook in the world, was selected as the research case; meanwhile, the Asus U1, U2, U3, U6, W6 and F8P belong to the same series. In order to know the background of the product development and design ideas, the semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the designers and experts. The questionnaire for the consumers was, then, developed based on the designers’ interviews. The outcomes from these questionnaires were compared and analyzed to figure out the similarity and difference in recognition between the two groups of interviewees.Research findings are in the third part. It shows: (1) For most people, leather is luxurious and delicate. (2) The notebooks cannot represent the image of luxury and delicacy even when being covered by the leather. (3) Culture and profession are not significant factor in causing the recognition difference of leather material between designers and consumers. 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 IV 目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 X 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍與限制 5 1.4 研究架構與流程 6 第二章文獻探討與相關研究 8 2.1 認知差異 8 2.1.1 知覺 8 2.1.2 認知 9 2.1.3 感性工學 12 2.2 感官行銷 13 2.2.1 五感 14 2.2.2 視覺 18 2.2.3 觸覺 20 2.2.4 嗅覺 22 2.3 皮革的探討 23 2.3.1 皮革的優缺點與特性 24 2.3.2 皮革的製程 27 2.3.3 皮革在各類產品上的應用 29 2.3.4 皮革應用於3C產品技術 33 2.4 相關論文的探討 37 2.5 研究問題與假設 39 2.5.1 研究問題界定 39 2.5.2 研究假設建立 40 第三章研究方法與步驟 41 3.1 研究流程 42 3.2 研究方法 43 3.2.1 質性研究 43 3.2.2 消費者態度的衡量方式 44 3.2.3 統計與分析 45 3.3 研究對象與樣本選定 46 3.3.1 研究對象的選定 46 3.3.2 實驗樣本的選定 47 3.3.3 受測對象及訪談程序 49 3.3.4 受測者背景分析 51 第四章研究分析與結果 52 4.1 問卷設計 52 4.1.1 感性詞彙的萃取 52 4.1.2 設計師問卷及訪談 56 4.1.3 消費者問卷 59 4.2 設計師與消費者的感知差異 61 4.2.1 各種皮革形容詞感知平均數分析 61 4.2.2 各種皮革樣品感知差異分析 64 4.2.3 設計師與消費者認知差異 83 4.3 紋路與色彩感知程度分析 89 4.3.1 紋路分析 89 4.3.2 色彩分析 93 4.4 設計師與消費者的喜好程度差異 95 4.4.1 皮革樣品喜好度分析 95 4.4.2 紋路喜好度分析 96 4.4.3 色彩喜好度分析 98 4.5 小結 101 第五章結論與建議 103 5.1 結論 103 5.2 後續研究與建議 106 參考文獻 107 附錄A 111 附錄B 116 中文部份： [1] 太田昭雄、河原英介，1991，色彩與配色，新形象出版公司。 [2] 方宏在，2002，台灣皮革工業競爭力之研究，碩士論文，國立中山大學管理學院。 [3] 王月青，2001，影響產品價值感之造形元素探討，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學。 [4] 何立山，2005，木質材料在產品設計應用之探討，碩士論文，大葉大學設計研究所。 [5] 吳尚翰，2007，以體驗觀點探討消費者與數位音樂產品之互動以iPod為例，碩士論文，國立雲林技術學院工業設計研究所。 [6] 呂明泉，2002，觸覺與視覺對意象差異研究－以塑膠材質咬花為例，碩士論文，國立成功大學工業設計研究所。 [7] 呂清夫，1991，為人生而藝術—細說工藝，台灣工藝展—從傳統到創新，台中：省立美術館編輯，偉功印刷，第9頁。 [8] 呂清夫，1984，造形原理，台北：雄獅圖書。 [9] 宋伊可，2002，消費者對產品外觀價值感認知差異之研究-以行動電話為例，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學創新設計系。 [10] 李再長，1988，認知型態、創造性思考與設計表現之關係，國科會專題計劃研究成果報告。 [11] 李江山等，1999，視覺與認知-視覺知覺與視覺運動系統，台北：遠流出版。 [12] 李麗娟，2003，造形與嗅覺意象之關聯性研究-以香水為例，碩士論文，大同大學工業設計研究所。 [13] 周君瑞，2001，複合感性意象之塑造-以造形特徵為基礎，碩士論文，國立成功大學工業設計系。 [14] 林大偉，1995，造形與聲音聯想認知之研究，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學工程技術研究所。 [15] 林寶蓮，2002，造形知視覺與觸覺意象研究—以塑膠容器為例，碩士論文，銘傳大學設計管理研究所。 [16] 長町三生，1995，感性商品學，東京都：海文堂。 [17] 柯超茗，1997，材料視覺與觸覺質感意象的研究，碩士論文，國立雲林技術學院工業設計研究所。 [18] 原田昭，1998，感性工學的架構－感性工學的研究領域及對象，1998中日設計教育研討會，雲林科技大學，第2-16 頁。 [19] 徐宗國譯，1997，質性研究概論，台北：巨流。 [20] 翁鵲嵐、鄭玉屏和張志傑譯，Norman, D. 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[54] Schmitt, Bernd H. 2000, Experiential Marking, Taipei. 網路部份： [55] IT世界網，手工打造經典，筆記型電腦創新材質賞析（2006年9月14日），2008年5月7日取自http://www.it.com.cn/f/notebook/069/14/324171.htm [56] 江怡徵，東摸西碰啟發孩子的觸覺（2003年4月），2008年7月14日取自http://www.baby-life.com.tw/baby-mother.com.tw/baby-life/2003/4/link-4.htm [57] 長沙晚報，2008皮革流行元素彰显时尚魅力（2008年3月14日），2008年5月7日取自http://info.texnet.com.cn/content/2008-03-14/172572.html [58] 姚念周，五感行銷的時代（2007年5月31日），2008年4月2日取自http://blog.biopharm.org.tw/sinew/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=7&blogId=1 [59] 真皮流露全球資訊網，2008年12月5日取自 http://www.e-leather.com.tw/big5/magazine/style/index.htm [60] 教育部重編國語辭典修訂版，2008年8月10日取自http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/ [61] 維基百科，2008年4月10日取自http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9 U0006-0102200918173100 曾宏達 Houng-Da Teng 氣態過氧化氫生成器之研發 Vaporization Mechanism of Vapor-phase Hydrogen Peroxide Generator 鍾清枝碩士國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所 96568052 97 98 中文 84 氣態、過氧化氫、汽化、汽化單元 H2O2, Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide, vapor phase sterilize, 氣態過氧化氫為目前生醫產業所使用之新興消毒劑，但因歐美廠家所生產之氣態過氧化氫生成器價格較為昂貴，秉持著創新開發之理念開發出本氣態過氧化氫生成器，整合市面上較常使用之汽化單元開發出擴散型加熱結構，使液體可以在其中快速擴散均勻吸熱，以達到最低的液體耗損率，並且使用本研究所開發之消毒氣體循環系統，可以提高氣態過氧化氫的消毒能力並且維持空間汽體濃度，第三代加熱器可以達到18~0.88g之每單位分鐘汽化量，使用者可以自行依據場地自訂單位時間所需之進液量，氣體濃度方面也可達到30~50%之汽化有效範圍，在改進濕度控制單元以及汽體推送單元後即可以達到商品化之目的。 The study aim to design a high efficiency vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) generator .Since 2006 NASA and JPL had published a series of report about low temperature dry sterilize procedures vapor phase hydrogen peroxide had been used in so many bio-related co-operations. But this technology still has some problem need to be solved. This research was focused on the vaporized structure, one of the key technologies in the high efficiency vapor phase hydrogen peroxide generator. Within the time student was helped by the professor Tsung and designed three types of high efficiency VPHP generator. From first prototype to the third type, this project had successfully design a generator which can vaporize 0.88~18g of liquid hydrogen peroxide into vapor. Although that student still cannot solve the problem of humidity, we still can get a concentration of 140ppm for 0.88g/min. Thus, the research can proof that generator had a range of efficiency about 30~50%. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 目錄 iv 表目錄 v 圖目錄 vi 第一章前言 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 過氧化氫特性 4 第二章理論分析 6 2.1 理論闡述 6 2.2 汽化機制 8 2.3 流體特性 16 2.4 濕度控制 18 2.5 消毒循環設計 19 第三章實驗設計與程序 24 3.1 實驗器材與設備開發 24 3.2 參數設計 41 3.3 實驗設計與流程 43 第四章結果與討論 45 4.1 過氧化氫數據討論 45 4.2 第一代加熱機構數據討論 48 4.3 第二代加熱機構數據討論 54 4.4 第三代加熱結構分析 57 4.5 實體空間實驗 63 第五章結論 73 參考文獻 74 表目錄表1.1 消毒劑比較表2 表1.2 過氧化氫可消毒之菌種 3 表1.3 常見氧化劑之氧化電位 4 表2.1 各國消毒機比較 9 表2.2 水與過氧化氫之數據比較 13 表2.3 各式汽化機制比較表 14 表3.1 濃度時間表 42 表4.1 標籤色度判別 71 圖目錄圖2.1 平板型加熱器示意圖9 圖2.2 密閉型加熱器側視圖10 圖2.3 密閉型加熱器立體圖10 圖2.4 平版型加熱器液面狀態11 圖2.5 平版型加熱器液面投影區域11 圖2.6 理想過氧化氫消毒循環19 圖2.7 新式過氧化氫消毒循環 21 圖2.8 歐美雙循環系統 21 圖2.9 新式氣態過氧化氫消毒機制實體架設圖 22 圖2.10 第三代氣態過氧化氫消毒機機制 23 圖2.11 歐美實體空間循環圖 23 圖3.1 除濕機構示意圖 25 圖3.2 氣體混和機構 26 圖3.3 汽體混和機構外觀 27 圖3.4 工業用吸塵器高壓馬達 27 圖3.5 小型低功率鼓風機 28 圖3.6 小型150W錫爐 29 圖3.7 不鏽鋼絲球 29 圖3.8 微壓自動液料機構 30 圖3.9 全自動之快速噴射液料系統 31 圖3.10 非接觸長型加熱器 32 圖3.11 鎳鉻絲線圈接線圖 32 圖3.12 非接觸型加熱器示意圖 33 圖3.13 數代之蓄液機構 34 圖3.14 第三代加熱器 35 圖3.15 擴散單元 36 圖3.16 罐體內視圖 37 圖3.17 手持式溫度監控器 37 圖3.18 溫度控制器 38 圖3.19 第三代加熱器主體 39 圖3.20 實驗腔體上視圖 40 圖3.21 偵測器剖面圖 40 圖4.1 汽化實驗實驗圖 46 圖4.2 加熱器溫度與加熱時間曲線 47 圖4.3 液態過氧化氫注入 48 圖4.4 含水棉布 48 圖4.5 第一代蓄液機構 49 圖4.6 濃度曲線10㏄/min 49 圖4.7 濃度曲線5㏄/min 50 圖4.8 第一代加熱結構比較 50 圖4.9 濃度曲線10㏄/min 51 圖4.10 濃度曲線10㏄/min 52 圖4.11 蓄液結構燒毀 53 圖4.12 濃度曲線2㏄/min 54 圖4.13 第二代加熱器濃度曲線 55 圖4.14 理論差異曲線圖 56 圖4.15 第三代氣態過氧化氫生成器 57 圖4.16 管壁凝結 58 圖4.17 濃度曲線0.88g/min 60 圖4.18 濃度曲線0.44g/0.5min 60 圖4.19 濃度曲線0.44g/min 61 圖4.20 第三代加熱器數據重現性 61 圖4.21 相對溼度下降濃度曲線 62 圖4.22 生物安全櫃 63 圖4.23 生物安全櫃實體圖 64 圖4.24 氣態過氧化氫偵測標籤 65 圖4.25 生物安全櫃櫃面封膜 65 圖4.26 循環氣體負壓狀態 66 圖4.27 三代機實驗架構 67 圖4.28 化學安全櫃櫃面器材架設 68 圖4.29 生物安全櫃氣態過氧化氫偵測標籤放置點 68 圖4.30 生物安全櫃櫃面 69 圖4.31 全櫃體標籤 69 圖4.32 反應較差位置標籤 70 圖4.33 photoshop色度判別視窗 70 圖4.34 生物安全櫃桌面示意圖 71 參考文獻 [1] Viking Project Office,”Prelaunch analysis of the probability of planetary contamination.”, Vol.II,No.B ,1975. [2] U.S.E.P.A, “Anthrax spore decontamination using hydrogen peroxide vapor”,2007 [3] R. A. Heckert,M. Best, L. T. Jordan,G. C. Dulac,D. L. Eddington, W. G. STterritt,”Efficacy of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide against Exotic Animal Viruses”, APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY.1997, pp. 3916–3918. [4] STERIS技術文件。 [5]US Hydrogen peroxide技術文件。 [6] 高孟誠，氣體電漿誘導表面改質及殺菌處理，碩士論文，私立中原大學，中壢，2003。 [7]王升平，四氯化碳製作納米二氧化鈦透明結晶膜及其應用，碩士論文，國立中央大學，桃園，2000。 [8]陳建安，過氧化氫觸媒雙推進劑熱機引擎，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台南，2004 [9] A. Kahnert, P. Seiler, M. Stein, B. Aze, G. McDonnell, S.H.E. Kaufmann, “Decontamination with vaporized hydrogen peroxide is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis”, Letters in Applied Microbiology,Vol.40,2005,pp.448–452 [10]郭秀靜,王玉瓊, 「3種常用低溫滅菌方法研究現狀」, 護理研究 ,VOL.20 , NO.6 2006,第1425-1427頁。 [11]莊嘉理譯，熱傳導學，台北:全華科技圖書，1996，第5-1 - 5-17頁 [12]林家銘，過氧化氫不相容性熱分析，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學，雲林，2006 [13]BIOQUELL 技術文件 [14]Naresh Rohatgi,Wayne Schubert,Jennifer Knight,”Development of vapor phase hydrogen peroxide sterilization process for spacecraft application”,Society of Automative Engineer,2001 [15] 陳裕宏，中高溫紊流場下液滴蒸發之實驗探討，碩士論文，國立台灣大學，台北，2004 [16] S. Chung , R. Kern , R. Koukol , J. Barengoltz , H. Cash,”Vapor hydrogen peroxide as alternative to dry heat microbial reduction”, Advances in Space Research VOL42,2008,pp.1150–1160 [17] Leslie Hall,Jonathan A. Otter, John Chewins, Nancy L. Wengenack,”Use of hydrogen peroxide vapor for deactivation of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a biological safety cabinet and a room”, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY,2007, pp. 810–815 [18] Shirley Chung,Jack Barengoltz,Roger Kern,Robert Koukol,Howard Cash, “The validation of vapor phase hydrogen peroxide microbial reduction for planetary protection and a proposed vacuum process specification”, JPL Publication, Vol.06 , No.6,2006 [19]Mattwehf.Verce,BUVANESWARIJAYARAMAN,Timothyd Ford, Scotte Fisher, A Shok J,Gadgil and Tinam Carlsen,”Minimizing decomposition of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for biological decontamination of galvanized steel ducting”, Environ. Sci. Technol, VOL.42,2008,pp. 5765–5771 [20] Robert M. Shaffstall,Robert P. Garner,Joshua Bishop, Lora Cameron Landis , Donald L. Eddington, Gwen Hau,Shawn Spera, Thaddeus Mielnik, James A. Thomas, ” Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP®) Decontamination of a Section of a Boeing 747 Cabin”,2006 [21] 蘇金嘉譯，工程熱力學，台北:東華書局，1990，第471-511頁 U0006-0106200921251800 張國祥 Kuo-Hsiang Chang 建構光纖-微波暨光纖到家之傳輸系統 Radio-on-Fiber Integration with Fiber-to-the-Home Transport Systems 呂海涵 Hai-Han Lu 碩士國立台北科技大學光電工程系研究所 96658017 97 98 英文 55 Fabry-Perot 雷射二極體光纖到家注入鎖模技術光纖-微波光纖有線電視 Fabry-Perot laser diode fiber-to-the-home injection locking scheme radio-on-fiber CATV 在本篇論文，我們提出各種不同的技術如光纖-微波、光纖到家、Fabry-Perot雷射二極體互相注入鎖模等。並且使用光纖有線電視系統架構，利用分頻多工技術及Fabry-Perot 濾波器來有效地改善光纖有線電視系統性能參數值：載波雜訊比、載波二次合成拍差比與載波三次合成拍差比。首先，一個以外部調變的方式傳送NTSC滿載77頻道光纖有線電視系統架構，我們利用Fabry-Perot 濾波器於接收端以改進系統效能。比較一般傳統有線電視系統傳輸系統，我們載送全部頻道且傳輸超過100公里單模光纖並得到了更好的載波雜訊比、載波二次合成拍差比與載波三次合成拍差比等參數值，更說明了本架構適用於長距離的有線電視傳輸系統。次之，一全雙工光纖-微波傳輸系統基於Fabry-Perot雷射二極體互相注入鎖模當為光源的架構。而全雙工系統傳輸超過40公里也是具有研究性的，誤碼率在本架構量測也得到很好的參數值。本架構我們使用直接調變Fabry-Perot雷射二極體注入鎖模的光源取代價格較高的外部調變器與光載波抑制的技術;並得到良好的改變像架構簡易化和降低整體的成本。再者，提出光纖-微波與光纖到家二者整合且帶有注入鎖模技術的架構，使用一外部調變載送微波訊號及一直接調變載送基頻訊號並同時傳輸80公里的單模光纖。此架構中我們也得到了很好的誤碼率值，也因而適用於長距離傳輸，因為有其彈性、簡單及低價格等特性。最後，沿用前二篇架構的技術與優點應用於第三篇整合光纖-微波暨注入鎖模技術改進Fabry-Perot特性並運用到光纖到家的系統服務。 In this thesis, we proposed and demonstrate variously radio-on-fiber(ROF), fiber-to-the-home(FTTH) and mutually injection-locked FP LDs techniques. Also, we use split-band technique and Fabry-Perot etalon filter to improve composite second order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) performances. First, an externally modulated NTSC 77-channel erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-repeated system employing Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon at the receiving site to improve system performance was proposed and demonstrated. In comparison with conventional externally modulated fiber optical CATV transport systems, good performance of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second order (CSO), and composite triple beat (CTB) were achieved for the full channel band over a 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission. Our proposed systems are suitable for the long-haul fiber optical CATV transport systems. Second, a full-duplex radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport system based on mutually injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP LDs) as light source is proposed and demonstrated. Transmission performances over a 40-km standard single-mode fiber (SMF) for full-duplex transmission were investigated. Good performance of bit error rate (BER) was achieved in our proposed systems. We directly modulate the FP LDs in mutually injection-locked scheme instead of using expensive external modulator and sophisticated optical carrier suppression technique; it reveals an outstanding alternative with advantages in simplicity and cost. Third, we proposed and demonstrated an architecture by integrating radio-on-fiber and fiber-to-the-home transport systems simultaneously with the help of injection locking scheme. An externally modulated radio frequency (RF) data stream and a directly modulated baseband (BB) data signal are simultaneously transmitted over an-80 km single-mode fiber (SMF) link. Good bit error rate (BER) performances are achieved in our proposed integrated transport systems. Such a proposed system is attractive and suitable for long-haul transmission due to its flexibility and simple architecture with low-cost. Finally, along the lines of the two advantages of technology and architecture used to integrate radio-on-fiber (ROF) and mutually injection-locked to improve the characteristics of Fabry-Perot and the use of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) system. 摘要... i Abstract iii 誌謝... v Contents vi List of Figures... viii List of Table..... x Chapter 1 Introduction..... 1 1.1 Introduction.. 1 1.1.1 Fiber-Optic CATV Transport Systems Parameter.... 7 1.1.1 (a) Carrier-to-Noise Ratio.... 7 1.1.1 (b) Nonlinear Distortion...... 9 1.1.1 (c) Composite Second Order.... 11 1.1.1 (d) Composite Triple Beat..... 12 1.1.2 Mutually injection-locked techniques... 13 1.2 Motivation.... 15 1.3 Structure..... 17 Chapter 2 CSO/CTB Performances Improvement by using Fabry-Perot Etalon at the Receiving Site.. 18 2-1 Introduction.. 18 2-2 Experimental Setup..... 19 2-3 Experimental Results and Discussion...... 21 2-4 Summary....... 22 Chapter 3 Employing Mutually Injection-Locked FP LDs Scheme over Full-Duplex Radio-on-Fiber Transport Systems.......26 3-1 Introduction.. 26 3-2 Experimental Setup..... 27 3-3 Experimental Results and Discussion...... 29 3-4 Summary....... 33 Chapter 4 Radio-on-Fiber Integration with Fiber-to-the-Home Transport Systems ....39 4-1 Introduction.. 39 4-2 Experimental Setup..... 40 4-3 Experimental Results and Discussion...... 42 4-4 Summary....... 44 Chapter 5 Conclusion....... 48 References........ 50 Publication List.. 55 [1]I. 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U0006-0107200911240800 留書香 Shu-Hsiang Liu 金融業新設分行決策與績效分析之探討-以個案A銀行為例 The Discussion of Decision Making and Performance Analysis on New Branch Bank of Financial Industry - Case Study of Bank A 邱垂昱 Chui-Yu Chiu 碩士國立台北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所 96378505 97 98 中文 85 客服中心電子數據交換商圈顧客關係管理資產負債管理 Customer Service Center(CSC) Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) Business Park(BP) Customer Relationship Management(CRM) Assets and Liabilities Management(ALM) 美國次級房貸風暴演變為全球金融風暴，台灣地區銀行雖不致發生如歐美投資銀行連串倒閉事件，但2009年金融投資損失恐需持續提列。金融體系在一國經濟發展中，具有二種功能，一是有效結合投資與儲蓄者資金，促進資本有效配置；二是提供有效率的支付機能，以維持經濟成長與發展，國內金融體系規模擴張多經由分行設立來進行推展，因而分行之設立是金融體系重要經營策略之一。本研究利用國內外的相關文獻，來探討台灣地區銀行產業現況及設立分行之經營績效，並經由個案分行實際研究分析，以秉持「服務從顧客角度出發，價值取決於客戶滿意度」及分行自身之經營定位為基礎，擬定行銷(marketing)策略，以符合市場需要，除量的擴充反應了社會經濟的需求外，並強調對「質」的要求，達到質量並重，避免同質性商品或服務上，大打激烈的價格戰，壓縮銀行獲利率。分行經營需扮演善良的管理者，除多樣化的金融產品來滿足客戶的需求外，更以嚴謹的態度保障客戶最大權益，而銀行應充分利用分行通路利基，提供差異化產品與服務，以創造最大利潤。綜合本研究分析探討其結論為新設立分行之成功關鍵因素，除區位與都市化及規模大小有密切關係外，應以企業化經營模式，進行創新經營，提供顧客優質之服務，始能讓分行在金融風暴考驗中永續經營。 The subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. has evolved into a global financial crisis; even though the banks in Taiwan did not bankrupt like the investment banks in the western countries, but the financial investment lost probably will continue to grow in the year 2009. One nation’s financial structure of serve two purposes to its economic growth: first is to allocate investment and depositors fund, which enhance the distribution of the capital; secondly, it provides efficient contribution to maintain one nation’s economic growth and development. Our domestic financial structure usually expand by establishing branches, therefore the establishment of the branches is one of the important strategy for our financial structure to operate. This research uses documents from both domestic and foreign resources to examine the current banking industry in Taiwan and the performance of the established branches. Moreover, this research is based on case study analysis from individual branch, and use “service started from customer perspective, and value depended upon customer satisfactory” as well as individual branch’s own standard as the foundation to formulate marketing strategy. In order to satisfy the demand of the market, not only the growth in quantity reflects society’s need, but also emphasize on “quality” demand to achieve a balance between quantity and quality, which serve as purpose to avoid substitute good and services compete through its price, and limited the profitability of the bank. Branch Operation needs to role-play as a good manager, not only have diversity of finance product to satisfy the customer demand, but also have a conscientious attitude to insure their rights as the customer. The bank should also diverse its goods and services that are based on the need of each and every branches to earn maximum profit. Based on this research analysis to figure out the key to successfully establish new branch, not only use the location, urbanization, and scale size as key elements, but also have entrepreneurship as the model to operate with innovation. The branch should provide satisfactory customer service, can also help the branch survive and continue operate under the current financial crisis. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 5 1.3 研究範圍 6 1.4 研究流程 6 1.5 論文架構 8 第二章文獻回顧與探討 9 2.1 台灣地區銀行產業現況 9 2.1.1 法規限制 11 2.1.2 金融產業五力分析 12 2.1.3 金融機構合併的趨勢 14 2.2 銀行分行文獻探討 15 2.2.1 分行型態定位 15 2.2.2 分行區位考慮 16 2.2.3 分行佈置 17 2.2.4 分行房舍規劃 18 2.3 銀行營運探討 21 2.3.1 營運策略 21 2.3.2 經營績效 25 第三章分行籌設之研究 28 3.1 銀行通路 28 3.1.1 銀行通路功能 29 3.1.2 銀行通路考慮因素 31 3.1.3 銀行通路衝突 32 3.1.4 銀行通路設立 33 3.2 分行選址 34 3.2.1 地利考量 34 3.2.2 着重熱絡市場 37 3.2.3 最佳競爭位置 38 3.2.4 最大綜效區位 40 3.3 分行設立流程 42 3.3.1 調派人員 42 3.3.2 選定行址與籌設 43 3.3.3 各項證件與業務申請 46 3.3.4 電腦連線測試 49 3.3.5 分行開業與營業 49 第四章個案分行經營與績效分析 50 4.1 個案銀行簡介 50 4.1.1 台灣省合作金庫 50 4.1.2 合作金庫銀行股份有限公司 50 4.1.3 合作金庫商業銀行股份有限公司 51 4.1.4 合作金庫銀行○○分行 52 4.2 行址決策分析 52 4.2.1 地域市場調查 53 4.2.2 交通便利 54 4.2.3 分行格局與規劃 55 4.2.4 聯行間業務重疊 56 4.3 分行經營 56 4.3.1 業務推展 56 4.3.2 內部控管 59 4.3.3 客服中心運作 64 4.4 分行績效分析 65 4.4.1 存款業務 65 4.4.2 放款業務 67 4.4.3 外匯業務 69 4.4.4 財富管理業務 71 4.4.5 分行績效 72 第五章結論與建議 75 5.1 結論 75 5.2 建議 77 參考文獻 78 附錄A：新設分行購置設備 82 附錄B：自動櫃員機裝置程序及注意事項 84 參考文獻中文部分 [1] 王文局、黃惠瑛、溫肇東譯，「流通事典」，日本流通經濟研究所，1991。 [2] 古慈音，台灣公營銀行民營化之研究，碩士論文，國立台灣大學財金所，台北，1995。 [3] 行政院，「金融機構國內分支機構管理辦法」，金融管理委員會，2005。 [4] 江利莉，台灣地區金融機構之分佈，碩士論文，國立台灣大學經濟研究所，台北，1979。 [5] 李茂林，都市化發展對專業銀行成本及產出之影響，碩士論文，東吳大學經濟研究所，台北，1987。 [6] 周君鈺譯、Mckinsey金融群著，「新銀行戰略革新」，台灣金融研訓院，2002。 [7] 林恩詰、賀力行、王睿智，「台灣金融控股公司，經營積效與策略關係之探討」，台灣銀行季刊，第57卷，第1期，2006，pp.22-24。 [8] 胡鐸清，「銀行分行經營管理實務」，台灣金融研訓院，2007。 [9] 陳奕穎，台灣地區銀行經營效率之評估與探討，碩士論文，雲林技術學院企業管理技術研究所，雲林，1997。 [10] 陳建成，「台北市銀行服務通路配置合理性之研究」，台北市銀行經濟研究室，1991。 [11] 陳木在，「台灣之金融革新及金融市場現代化」，財政部金融局，1993。 [12] 陳木在，「推動金融自由化，健全金融體制」，自由中國之工業，1995。 [13] 陳木在、陳錦村，商業銀行風險管理，台北新陸書局，2001，第56~100頁。 [14] 陳永達，金融自由化下我國銀行業的因應與發展，碩士論文，國立清華大學工業工程研究所，新竹，1996。 [15] 陳緯瑩，金融合併下商業銀行經營策略之分析，碩士論文，國立中山大學企業管理系研究所，高雄，2005。 [16] 曹昌勝，銀行區位選擇之研究與網路觀點探討台北市三商銀為例，碩士論文，台灣大學土木工程研究所，台北，1988。 [17] 黃達業，「提升我國金融機構競爭力之研究」，台灣金融研訓院，2001。 [18] 黃心怡，「金融業營運趨勢展望調查」，台灣金融研訓院，2007。 [19] 胡光華，「今日合庫月刊」，合作金庫銀行調研處，2008。 [20] 許嘉棟，「台灣金融自由化之檢討與展望」，基層金融研訓中心，1993。 [21] 彭正浩，台灣銀行多角化與其之研究，碩士論文，國立台灣大學經濟研究所，台北，1997。 [22] 蔡有財，「商業銀行流動性管理之研究」，台北市銀行經濟研究室，1981。 [23] 蔡松宇，開放新銀行設立對產業投資的影響，碩士論文，國立中正大學國際經濟研究所，嘉義，1999。 [24] 劉榮主、簡明仁，「基層金融設立分支機構問題之研究」，金融研訓中心，1982。 [25] 劉展宏，土地銀行區位分佈之研究以桃竹苗地區為例，碩士論文，國立政治大學地政研究所，台北，1991。 [26] 盧素蓮，台灣區銀行業績效決定因素之研究，碩士論文，國立中興大學經濟研究所，台中，1994。 [27] 蕭峰雄，「產業市場結構與經營績效」，台灣銀行經濟研究室，1991。 [28] 鍾怡如，開放新銀行設立對舊銀行經營效率的影響，碩士論文，國立政治大學會計研究所，台北，1999。英文部分 [29] Avery, R. 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[37] Mohr and Nevin,”Communication Strategies in Marketing Channels:A Theoretical Perspective”,Joural of Marketing,(1990) [38] Linda A. and A. Rai, Operation Efficiency in Banking: An Internation Comparison, Journal of Banking and Finance 20(1996), pp.655-672. 網路部份 [39] 中央銀行網站之金融統計，http://www.cbc.gob.tw [40] 台灣金融研訓院，http://www.tabf.org.tw [41] 合作金庫銀行網站，http://www.tcb-bank.com.tw [42] 行政院金管會網站，http://www.fscey.gov.tw [43] 全國碩博士論文網站，http://www.datas.ncl.edu.tw [44] 財經新聞電子報，http://www.news.tabf.org.tw U0006-0107200911483100 簡雪娥 Hsueh- O Chien 創新產品之通路策略研究---以美白產品為例 A Study on Channel Strategies of Innovative Products 耿慶瑞碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488531 97 98 中文 94 產品創新通路策略行銷績效 Product Innovation Marketing Channel Strategy Marketing Performance 隨著WTO的開放，經營市場化、自由化之際，創新品牌如雨後春筍般地增加。而資訊爆炸時代，消費者搜尋所需要的資訊便利性提高，相對的也提高了創新產品被市場與消費者接受的困難度。台灣化妝品產業也面臨創新品牌層出不窮、通路策略紊亂之問題；另，化妝品產業中的美白保養品產業目前仍然處於高度成長的產業生命週期上，且產業的創新程度高且快，因上述理由，本研究以針對此產業為主要研究對象。本研究透過實際個案建立行銷創新策略與行銷績效的觀念架構，期對美白產品的創新與通路策略之運用有所助益。所得結論為： 1.個案公司以「現有產品的改良更新」、「重新定位」為美白產品創新策略，有別於其他「新產品問世」、「新產品線」策略。 2.個案公司美白產品通路策略，依據不同市場定位、產品創新方式，而有不同的通路配置考量因素。 3.適當的產品創新、通路型態、市場定位對於有形、無形行銷績效皆有正面影響。本研究建議個案公司應積極開發高品質、高附加價值創新產品，與通路商積極建立夥伴關係並拓展開架式通路，以提升行銷績效。 Owing to the opening of WTO, a lot new innovative brands have emerged prosperously and in the modern age where information explodes every minute, every one has an easy access to all sorts of information, it makes the customers more and more difficult for the acceptance of innovative products. The cosmetics industry of Taiwan faces the problem of innovative brand competition and the disorderliness of marketing channel. In addition, the industry of whitening products is at the highly growing stage of industry life cycle. Those are why this thesis chooses this industry as the object to discuss. This research discusses the relationship between marketing innovative tactics and marketing performance by means of case study. The research findings are as below: First, the innovative strategies of whitening products include: improvements in revisions to existing products and repositioning. Second, there are different innovative tactics of marketing channels based on the different products positioning. Last, there is a positive influence on the marketing performance in appropriate products innovation, marketing channels and market positioning. This study suggests that company should develop innovative products of high quality and high additional value, establish the partnership relationship management and expand the channels of open-shelf type, in order to improve the marketing performance. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT iii 誌謝 iiiii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vvi 表目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 4 1.3 研究流程與架構 5 第二章文獻探討 6 2.1 行銷策略文獻 6 2.2 創新策略文獻 11 2.3 產品策略文獻 15 2.4 通路類型 23 2.5 行銷績效 31 第三章研究方法 36 3.1觀念性架構 36 3.2 研究方法 39 3.3 產業介紹 41 3.4 研究對象 46 第四章個案研究 48 4.1 個案公司介紹 48 4.1.1 個案公司簡介 48 4.1.2 個案公司S的全球經營版圖 51 4.1.3 經營三階段 52 4.1.4 放眼未來 52 4.2個案公司策略分析 54 4.2.1 行銷策略分析 56 4.3 產品策略分析 65 4.3.1 新產品創新模式 65 4.4 通路策略 72 4.5 策略與行銷績效分析 83 4.5.1 個案公司行銷創新績效 83 第五章結論與建議 86 5.1 研究心得 86 5.2 研究結論 87 5.3 實務建議 88 參考文獻 89 參考文獻中文部份 [1]. 余朝權 (1991)，「現代行銷管理」，五南圖書出版公司。 [2]. 林明昌 (2002)，市場導向與行銷策略配合對行銷績效影響之研究以台灣重電馬達業實證為例，私立中原大學企研所未出版碩士論文。 [3]. 林銘郎 (2003)，產品策略與通路策略配合對經營績效關係之研究，私立中原大學企研所未出版碩士論文。 [4]. 林宣政 (2004)，防火隔間板產品創新與新產品發展之研究，國立東華大學企研所未出版碩士論文。 [5]. 何明純 (2003)，女性在網路上購買化妝保養品之行為研究，私立南華大學傳播管理研究所。 [6]. 紀佩宏 (1994)，女性化妝品通路零售端點選擇之研究，國立台灣大學企研所未出版碩士論文。 [7]. 莊世任 (2002)，創新策略與專案領導人能力對新產品開發績效影響之研究: 以台灣高科技產業為例，國立中央大學企研所出版碩士論文。 [8]. 陳芙靜 (2002)，技術/行銷策略配合、產品創新性、產品創新績效三者間關係之研究，國立成功大學企研所未出版碩士論文。 [9]. 張嘉文 (2000)，化妝品不同通路型態之消費者特性研究，私立淡江大學管科所未出版碩士論文。 [10].鄔亦翎 (2006)，創新品牌的行銷策略--以袖珍商品產業為例，國立台北大學企研所未出版碩士論文。 [11].蔡啟通 (1996)，組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係，國立台灣大學商研所未出版博士論文。 [12].劉怡秀 (1998)，台灣新興折扣化妝品專賣店消費行為研究，國立交通大學管科所未出版碩士論文。 [13].盧風而 (2004)，產品創新對行銷績效與顧客滿意影響之研究- 以行動電話手機為例，私立育達商業技術學院企研所未出版碩論文。 [14].蔡亞純 (2004)，化妝品產業分析與探討 -- 以個案公司S企業為例，遠東學報二十一卷第二期。 [15].大前研一 (1984)，「策略家的智慧」，黃宏義譯，長河出版社。 [16].方世榮譯 (1992)，「行銷管理學－分析、計劃、執行與控制（第七版）」，東華書局。 [17].司徒達賢 (2004)，「策略管理」，遠流出版社。 [18].周文賢 (2002)，「行銷管理」，華泰書局。 [19].周逸衡 (1987)，企業結構性管理作為與創新關係之研究，提升經營品質研討會實錄，95–108頁。 [20].吳思華 (1998)，「策略九說」，臉譜文化事業股份有限公司。 [21].許士軍 (1983)，「現代行銷管理」，商略印書館。 [22].郭崑謨 (1984)，「行銷管理」，三民書局。 [23].謝安田 (1993)，「企業研究方法」。 [24].賴士葆 (1989(，「研究發展 / 行銷 / 製造三部門互動與新產品發展績效相關之研究」，中華經濟企業研究所研究叢論，中華經濟研究院。 [25].榮泰生 (1991)，「行銷管理學」，五南書局。 [26].黃俊英 (2001)，「行銷學的世界」，天下雜誌。 [27].藍明松 (2006)，台鹽實業公司產品行銷通路績效評估之研究，中山大學企業管理學系碩士論文。英文部份 [1]. 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[45].http://www.itis.org.tw/pubinfo.screen U0006-0107200915034800 李家賢 Chia-Hsien Lee 直接偵測雙向高密度分波多工-微波傳輸系統 Direct-Detection Bidirectional Radio-on-DWDM Transport Systems 曾世杰碩士國立台北科技大學光電工程系研究所 96658049 97 98 英文 50 直接偵測高密度分波多工-微波系統光纖-微波系統半導體光放大器 Direct-detection radio-on-dense-wavelength- division-multiplexing (DWDM) radio-on-fiber(ROF) semiconductor optical amplifier 在本論文中，我們提出三個系統架構，分別利用外部光源注入與半導體光放大器調變技術，產生單旁波帶調變信號並改善其效能。第一個系統架構，我們利用半導體光放大器(SOA)產生單旁波帶(SSB)調變技術，將其應用在全雙工光纖-微波傳輸系統。此技術只需一個半導體光放大器即可產生光的單旁波帶信號，經過80公里單模光纖傳輸之後，我們可以達到低的誤碼率(BER)、清晰的眼圖以及低的三階互調失真對載波比(IMD3/C)。此全雙工光纖-微波傳輸系統適合運作在長距離微波光纖環路上。第二個系統架構，我們提出並且驗證ㄧ個全雙工光纖-微波傳輸系統，建構在直接偵測技術上。利用此技術，再偵測前先濾除光源的載波及兩個旁波帶的其中之一，即可避免因光纖色散而導致的射頻功率降低。70 Mbps data stream在經過上/下行80公里單模光纖傳輸之後，我們可以獲得良好的誤碼率。此全雙工光纖-微波傳輸系統適合運作在長距離微波光纖環路上。第三個系統架構，我們提出並且驗證ㄧ個應用於區域網路(LAN)及智慧型傳輸系統(ITS)之雙向高密度分波多工-微波傳輸系統，建構在直接偵測技術上，利用此技術，再偵測前先濾除光源的載波及兩個旁波帶的其中之一，即可避免因光纖色散而導致的射頻功率降低。在經過50公里單模光纖傳輸之後，我們的系統可以獲得良好的誤碼率。此雙向高密度分波多工-微波傳輸系統適合運作在微波光纖環路上。 In this thesis, we propose external light injection technique and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based optical single sideband (SSB) modulation technique to improve the transport systems’ performance. First, a full-duplex radio-over-fiber (ROF) transport system employing semiconductor optical amplifier-based optical single sideband modulation technique is proposed and demonstrated. For our proposed approach, it is relatively simple to implement as it requires only one SOA to generate optical SSB signal. Over an-80 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, low bit error rate (BER), clear eye diagram, and low third-order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD3/C) were achieved. Our proposed full-duplex ROF transport systems are suitable for the long-haul microwave optical links. Second, we proposed and demonstrated a full-duplex radio-over-fiber transport system based on direct-detection scheme. In this approach, the RF power degradation introduced by fiber dispersion can be cancelled since the optical carrier and one of the sidebands are eliminated before detecting. A data stream of 70 Mbps transmitted over an 80-km single-mode fiber transmission both for down/up-link with good bit error rate performance was achieved. Such proposed full-duplex ROF transport systems are suitable for long-haul microwave optical links. Finally, we proposed and demonstrated a bidirectional radio-on-dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) transport system for local area network (LAN) (11Mbps/2.4GHz) and intelligence transport system (ITS) (20Mbps/5.8GHz) applications based on direct-detection scheme. By this way, the RF power degradation introduced by fiber dispersion can be avoided since optical carrier and one of the sidebands are eliminated before detecting. Over a-50 km single-mode fiber transmission, good bit error rate performances (10-9) were achieved in our proposed systems. Such proposed bidirectional radio-on-DWDM transport systems are suitable for microwave optical links. 摘要 i Abstract iii 誌謝 v Contents vi Figure Captions vii List of Table ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Motivation 5 1.3 Structure 6 Chapter 2 To Employ SOA-Based Optical SSB Modulation Technique in Full-Duplex ROF Transport Systems 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Experiment Setup 9 2.3 Experimental results and discussions 12 2.4 Summary 19 Chapter 3 Direct-Detection Full-Duplex Radio-over-Fiber Transport Systems 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Experiment Setup 21 3.3 Experimental results and discussions 24 3.4 Summary 30 Chapter 4 Direct-Detection Bidirectional Radio-on-DWDM Transport Systems 31 4.1 Introduction 31 4.2 Experiment Setup 32 4.3 Experimental results and discussions 36 4.4 Summary 43 Chapter 5 Conclusion 44 References 46 Publication List 50 [1] H. H. Lu, A. S. Patra, W. J. Ho, P. C. Lai, and M. H. 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U0006-0107200915051500 陳世榮 Shih-Jung Chen 平價迷你筆記型電腦之關鍵成功因素 The Key Success Factor of Netbook 廖森貴 Sen-Kuei Liao 碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488524 97 98 中文 73 關鍵成功因素平價迷你筆記型電腦層級分析法 Key Success Factors Netbook Analytic Hierarchy Process 在全球金融風暴的推波助瀾以及消費者縮減預算縮減的前提下，平價迷你筆記型電腦進而成為消費者的新寵兒，吸引眾多筆記型電腦廠商紛紛投入這個新興市場中。在競爭激烈與資源有限的環境下，剛新入平價迷你筆記型電腦市場的廠商一定得找出自己的關鍵成功因素，將資源用在最適當的地方，並且根據自己的關鍵成功因素發展出策略等，來和其他業者競爭。相對的，在平價迷你筆記型電腦市場中已佔有一息之地的業者，面對眾多競爭者的加入，勢必也要檢視自己的關鍵成功因素，進而來維持自己的持續的競爭優勢。本研究以平價迷你筆記型電腦為研究對象，平價迷你筆記型電腦被定義為10吋以下的筆記型電腦，來探討其關鍵成功因素，做為實務經營上的重要參考。根據關鍵成功因素的文獻探討，以及訪談了5位業界主管，進行關鍵成功因素之修正，篩選出15項平價迷你筆記型電腦之關鍵成功因素，並根據Shah and Siddiqui (2006)的研究以及業界主管的意見，歸納為3大構面。策略構面：包含高層的支持、擴張現有市場、策略形成、策略能有效執行、開發新產品與服務等5個。顧客構面：包含使用上比競爭者容易、購買上比競爭者方便、了解顧客消費行為、價錢比競爭者便宜、產品品質等5個。技術構面：包含客製化能力、技術整合、公司設計能力、安全性、環保性等5個。訪問22位業界主管，訪談後針對回收資料，扣除不通過一致性指標的7份無效問卷，進行層級分析法分析。各構面相對重要性的排序為：「策略」、「顧客」、「技術」。經層級整合後，平價迷你筆記型電腦的關鍵成功因素重要性依序為：「價錢比競爭者便宜」、「高層的支持」、「開發新產品與服務」、「技術整合」、「了解顧客消費行為」、「產品品質」、「公司設計能力」、「策略能有效執行」、「策略形成」、「安全性」、「擴張現有市場」、「使用上比競爭者容易」、「客製化能力」、「環保性」以及「購買上比競爭者方便」。 The purpose of this research is to determine the key success factors for netbook industry. We define the netbook is the notebook under 10 inches. Firstly, we review the literatures about the key success factors to collect the key success factors. Secondly, we interview 5 senior executives to retain 15 key success factors for netbook industry. The 15 key success factors are top management support, expanding existing markets, strategy formulation, strategy controlling and following up, new product and service, more convenient than competitors, easier to purchase than competitors, understanding customer purchase behavior, cheaper than alternatives, quality, customization capabilities, integration, designing capabilities, safety and environment. According to Shah and Siddiqui (2006) and interviewing the executives, we take these 15 key success factors into 3 perspectives, namely strategy, customer, technology, to construct the hierarchy. Subsequently, on the basis of 15 decision makers’ opinions, we apply analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to obtain the relative weights of these key success factors. The rank of perspectives’ weights is strategy, customer and technology. After hierarchical aggregating, the rank of 15 key success factors’ weights is cheaper than alternatives, top management support, new product and service, integration, understanding customer purchase behavior, quality, designing capabilities, strategy controlling and following up, strategy formulation, safety, expanding existing markets, more convenient than competitors, customization capabilities, environment and easier to purchase than competitors. The decision makers can formulate strategy, allocate the resources and make decisions based on the result. 目次目次…………………………………………………………………………………………… i 表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………………………… iii 圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………………………… iv 第一章緒論 ………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 ………………………………………………………………………1 1.2 研究目的 ………………………………………………………………………………2 1.3 研究流程 ………………………………………………………………………………3 第二章文獻回顧 …………………………………………………………………………… 4 2.1 筆記型電腦定義與特性 ………………………………………………………………4 2.2 國際筆記型電腦產業的現況 …………………………………………………………7 2.3 台灣筆記型電腦產業的現況 …………………………………………………………8 2.4 筆記型電腦產業的發展趨勢…………………………………………………………11 2.5 平價迷你筆記型電腦的發展與現況…………………………………………………17 2.6 競爭策略………………………………………………………………………………18 2.6.1 策略的定義…………………………………………………………………… 18 2.6.2 策略競爭的分析工具………………………………………………………… 19 2.6.3 策略競爭的型態……………………………………………………………… 23 2.7 資源基礎理論…………………………………………………………………………23 2.7.1 資源的定義…………………………………………………………………… 23 2.7.2 核心資源……………………………………………………………………… 23 2.7.3 資源基礎理論的內涵………………………………………………………… 24 2.8 核心競爭力……………………………………………………………………………25 2.9 關鍵成功因素與相關文獻探討………………………………………………………25 2.9.1 關鍵成功因素之觀念來源…………………………………………………… 25 2.9.2 關鍵成功因素之定義………………………………………………………… 27 2.9.3 關鍵成功因素之特性………………………………………………………… 29 2.9.4 關鍵成功因素之功能………………………………………………………… 30 2.9.5 關鍵成功因素之確認方法…………………………………………………… 30 2.9.6 關鍵成功因素之實證研究…………………………………………………… 34 第三章研究設計…………………………………………………………………………… 40 3.1 觀念架構………………………………………………………………………………40 3.2 層級分析法……………………………………………………………………………40 3.2.1層級分析法的意涵 ……………………………………………………………41 3.2.2層級分析法的基本假設 ………………………………………………………42 3.2.3層級分析法實施步驟 …………………………………………………………42 3.2.4層級分析法的優缺點 …………………………………………………………46 3.2.5層級分析法之實證研究 ………………………………………………………47 第四章研究分析與結果…………………………………………………………………… 49 4.1 層級分析程序法之研究架構…………………………………………………………49 4.2 研究之信效度…………………………………………………………………………50 4.3專家問卷分析………………………………………………………………………… 51 第五章結論與建議………………………………………………………………………… 56 5.1 研究結論………………………………………………………………………………56 5.2 研究貢獻………………………………………………………………………………57 5.3 研究限制………………………………………………………………………………58 5.4 未來研究方向…………………………………………………………………………58 參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………………………… 60 附錄：平價迷你筆記型電腦產業關鍵成功因素問卷………………………………………68 表目錄表2.1 國內關鍵成功因素之相關研究 …………………………………………………… 34 表2.2 國外關鍵成功因素之相關研究 …………………………………………………… 37 表2.3 5位主管所勾選出平價迷你筆記型電腦產業的關鍵成功因素 ……………………38 表3.1 層級分析法因素評估準則尺度表 ………………………………………………… 43 表3.2 正倒值矩陣在各階數下所對應的隨機指標 ……………………………………… 46 表3.3 國內層級分析法的相關研究 ……………………………………………………… 47 表4.1 構面成對比較矩陣 ………………………………………………………………… 51 表4.2 構面之權重與排序 ………………………………………………………………… 51 表4.3 策略構面內之關鍵成功因素間成對比較矩陣 …………………………………… 52 表4.4 策略構面內之關鍵成功因素的權重與排序 ……………………………………… 52 表4.5 顧客構面內之關鍵成功因素間成對比較矩陣 …………………………………… 53 表4.6 顧客構面內之關鍵成功因素的權重與排序 ……………………………………… 53 表4.7 技術構面內之關鍵成功因素間成對比較矩陣 …………………………………… 54 表4.8 技術構面內之關鍵成功因素的權重與排序 ……………………………………… 54 表4.9 整合後關鍵成功因素的權重分析 ………………………………………………… 54 圖目錄圖1.1 研究流程……………………………………………………………………………… 3 圖2.1 產業競爭分析模型 ………………………………………………………………… 20 圖2.2 企業價值鏈分析 …………………………………………………………………… 22 圖3.1 本研究觀念架構圖 ………………………………………………………………… 40 圖4.1 研究架構圖 ………………………………………………………………………… 50 國內文獻 1. 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(2009), “Varying Criticality of Key Success Factors of National E-Strategy along the Status of Economic Development of Nations,” Government Information Quarterly, 26, 25-34. 科技產業資訊室，http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw 電子工程專輯網站，http://www.eettaiwan.com U0006-0107200916145100 朱家慶 Jia-Qing Chu 補強肋對塑膠件凸轂鎖附扭矩的影響 Rib Effects on Locking Torque of Plastic Boss 韓麗龍 Lee-Long Han 碩士國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所 96568514 97 98 中文 115 凸轂自攻螺絲補強&#63827 鎖附扭&#63882 boss self-tapping screw enhanced rib locking torque 凸轂（boss）是設計成外徑為內徑的2至3倍，且要有足夠的強度承受自攻螺絲而不會破裂，廣泛應用於組裝、定位及支撐。為了承受組裝時的鎖附扭矩（locking torque），凸轂設計時需添加補強肋來增加boss的強度。補強肋可以改善射出成形時熔融塑料的流動性，並防止殘留應力造成的變形。本研究共設計六種不同的凸轂型式，以相同的成形條件射出成品，經由扭矩試驗機測試各種凸轂所能承受之最大鎖附扭矩。凸轂設計的主要原則為：凸轂需與補強肋同時使用，且在無任何補強肋下避免凸轂單獨使用，此外，凸轂要有足夠的強度承受鎖附扭力並且須無破裂的現象。補強肋的三大主要功能為：增加凸轂的強度、改善熔融塑料的流動性、防止殘留應力造成的變形。由實驗結果顯示：自攻螺絲鎖入凸轂的第四圈為最大鎖附扭矩階段，此階段的鎖附扭矩曲線角度由1080∘至1440∘，此外並繼續增加鎖附扭矩值直到凸轂產生滑牙為止。在這六種不同型式的凸轂中，單獨凸轂無補強肋的最大鎖附扭矩值為4.683㎏f -㎝，凸轂加雙補強肋的最大鎖附扭矩值為7.29㎏f -㎝，凸轂無補強肋與凸轂加雙補強肋兩者的最大鎖附扭矩值相差約1.56倍。由此可見，凸轂加雙補強肋的最大鎖附扭矩值確實大於單獨凸轂無補強肋的最大鎖附扭矩值，從本實驗亦可看出補強肋對凸轂鎖附扭力的影響。因此建議在設計凸轂時，除了應避免凸轂單獨使用外，尚儘量朝凸轂加補強肋的方向設計，但無論是單補強肋或雙補強肋，所搭配的補強肋也會因不同形狀而產生不同的鎖附扭力值。本實驗的設計方向皆以工廠實際作業的需求為考量，並以工廠的真實情況來進行最大鎖附扭矩值的量測實驗。 A boss design with an outside diameter that is two or three times the inside diameter is sufficient strong for most application, such as assembling, positioning and supporting. To support the “locking torque” in assembling that with self-tapping screw, an enhanced rib would be added on the outside of the boss. The enhanced rib can both improve the melt polymer flowing at injection process and prevent the residual stress deforming. In this study, six types of the boss were designed and molded under the same injection condition. The maximum locking torque of these bosses can be measured with the torque-test machine. The boss design emphasized to use the boss and the enhanced rib at the same time. It should avoid to using the boss without any enhanced rib. The boss must have enough strength to support the locking torque. Besides, it can’t crack. The three main functions of the enhanced rib are to reinforce the boss, improve the polymer melt flow and prevent the deformation of residual stress. The data indicates that the fourth circle is the maximum locking torque stage when the self-tapping screw locks into the boss. The curve of this stage is from 1080∘ to 1440∘. Besides, it will continue the value of the locking torque until the boss produces the strip. In these six different types of the boss, the maximum locking torque of the boss without the enhanced rib is 4.68㎏f -㎝. On the other side, the maximum locking torque of the boss with two-side enhanced rib is 7.29㎏f -㎝. So, using the boss with two-side enhanced rib is almost 1.56 times as much as using it without any enhanced rib. As a result, the value of the boss with two-side enhanced rib is actually much bigger than the boss without the enhanced rib. That way ,we can see that the enhanced rib has a large influence on the boss. Therefore, we suggest when you design the boss , you should focus on the design of the boss with enhanced rib, and avoid using the boss alone. Whether using the single or two-side enhanced rib, the maximum locking torque will be different due to the different shapes of the enhanced rib. The main aspect of this experiment factors in the need of the factory operations. The real conditions in the factory should be used to make this experiment of the maximum locking torque. 中文摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究方法 2 1.3 文獻回顧 2 第二章實驗方法 8 2.1 實驗材料 8 2.2 實驗設備 9 2.2.1 射出成形機 9 2.2.2 烘料機 11 2.2.3 扭矩試驗機 13 2.2.4 扭矩感測器 14 2.3 量測方法 17 2.3.1 自攻螺絲 17 2.3.2 量測條件 18 2.4 凸轂與補強肋設計 22 2.4.1 凸轂設計 25 2.4.2 補強肋設計 29 2.5 模流與結構分析 32 2.5.1 成形品模流分析 32 2.5.2 凸轂結構分析 34 第三章凸轂模具設計與射出成形條件 47 3.1 凸轂模具設計 47 3.1.1 三板模模具設計 48 3.1.2 分模面設計 52 3.1.3 澆注系統設計 53 3.1.4 冷卻系統設計 61 3.1.5 排氣系統設計 63 3.1.6 脫模機構設計 64 3.2 射出成形條件 67 3.2.1 射出成形問題、原因與對策 71 第四章結果與討論 77 4.1 成形品模流分析 77 4.2 凸轂結構模擬分析 82 4.3 凸轂結構實驗分析 87 4.3.1 凸轂實物結果 87 4.3.2 實驗量測結果 93 4.3.3 建議鎖附扭矩值 99 第五章結論 101 參考文獻 102 附錄 A 凸轂設計工程圖 104 B 模具設計工程圖 111 [1] 歐陽渭城，射出成形模具手冊，台北，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2001。 [2] John Vernon，工程材料，台北，俊傑書局股份有限公司，2002。 [3] 耿洪濱、吳宜勇，新編工程材料，台中，滄海書局股份有限公司，2002。 [4] 秦文啟，熱塑性ABS樹脂/氧化鋁有機無機奈米級複合材料之研究，碩士論文，中國文化大學材料科學與製造研究所，台北，2004。 [5] C. C. Chen and J. A. Sauer, “Yield and Fracture Mechanisms in ABS,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 40, 1990. [6] H. Nishizaki, K. Yoshida, and J. H. Wang, “Comparative study of various methods for thermogravimetric analysis of polystyrene,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 25, 1980, pp.2869-2877. [7] www.0steel.com [8] 楊盛雄，不銹鋼螺紋鎖緊特性之研究，碩士論文，國立交通大學工學院精密與自動化工程學程，新竹，2007。 [9] 林文樹、梁銘儉等著，塑性加工學，台北，三民書局股份有限公司，1987。 [10] 賴耿陽，現代螺紋使用實務，台南，復漢出版社，1995。 [11] W. J. Fallow, ”Identifying Common Design-Initiated Problem with Injection-Molded Parts,” Plastics Engineering, 1982, pp.27-30. [12] 廣惠章利、本吉正信，台南，復漢出版社，塑膠成形加工，1987。 [13] H. Nake, T. Ichiyanagi and K. Kenmochi, ”Analysis of the Partial Thermal Shrinkage in Rib Structures,” JSME International Journal, vol. 30, no.265, pp.1060-1068, 1987. [14] GE Plastics, Injection Molding Design, New York, Engineering Thermoplastics Design Guide, 1997, pp.7.4-7.15. [15] S. Carter, and D. O. 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[17] 陳宜正，具補強肋之塑膠射出壓縮成型品表面凹痕與翹曲變形研究，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學機械工程研究所，雲林，2001。 [18] 莊舒蓁，產品造形與工程設計對應模式之研究，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學工業設計研究所，雲林，2003。 [19] 廖哲新，塑膠成型製品中凸轂強度設計之研究，碩士論文，大同大學機械工程研究所，台北，2007。 [20] www.shini.com.tw [21] www.jtmtest.com [22] www.kyowa-ei.co.jp [23] 劉亞忠，王新榮，陳時錦，有限元素法及其應用，台北，中央圖書出版社，1997。 U0006-0107200917313800 單文正 Wen-Cheng Shan 後期中等教育全民國防教師應備學科專門知能之研究 A Study of required Subject Knowledge and Competency for All-Out Defense Teachers of Upper Secondary Education 張嘉育 Chia-Yu Chang 碩士國立台北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所 95498526 97 98 中文 183 後期中等教育全民國防教育課程學科專門知能 Upper Secondary Education All-Out Defense Education Course Subject Knowledge and Competency 本研究旨在分析後期中等教育全民國防教育課程內涵，並探討後期中等教育全民國防教師應備學科專門知能層面及項目內涵，以作為爾後師資培育課程、教師（教官）在職進修及教育政策修訂規劃參考。本研究藉由文獻分析、學科能力轉換、焦點團體訪談及德懷術等方式，達成研究的目的。文獻分析部分就全民國防教育的內涵與重要性，教師應備能力及其分析方法，以及後期中等教育全民國防教育課程分析與師資規劃，以作為本研究之立論基礎。學科能力轉換與焦點團體訪談部分，係依據教育部99學年度全民國防教育科必、選修課程綱要內涵項目、現行後期中等教育「國防通識課程教材」及國防部編印「全民國防教育補充教材」等項目內涵，編成初步訪談索引，再經國內學者專家、高中與大專國防通識教育主管及高中與大專全民國防教育優良授課教官等8人焦點團體座談，以建構初步問卷信度與效度。德懷術部分，係由國內學者專家、高中與大專國防通識教育主管及高中與大專優良授課教官等15人，編成德懷術專家小組，進行三回合之問卷調查，以百分比、平均數及標準差等描述統計方法進行分析，有效建構出後期中等教育全民國防教師應備學科專門知能26個層面及98項項目內涵之需求程度。最後根據研究發現提出結論與建議，俾能爰提有關單位參考。 This research aimed at the purpose of analyzing the curriculum of All-Out Defense Education in the Upper Secondary Education, including the study of the required Subject Knowledge and Competency which the All-Out Defense Teacher should procure in the later period secondary education, and establishing in the future a curriculum reference of continuing study and education for the teacher (drillmaster) in office. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the research focused on the analysis some of the literature on All-Out Defense Education, ability of subject conversion, group interviews and Delphi technique. Based on the literature, the basic argument of this research included the analysis of the content and the importance of teachers’ capability, and of All-Out Defense Education and teacher curriculum planned in Upper Secondary Education. On the part of discipline conversion and interview with the significant associations, the interview index would base on the Ministry of Education based on the elective syllabus and curriculum of 99 academic year in All-Out Defense Education, the existing Upper Secondary Education core curriculum course of All-Out Defense materials, and the Defense Department publication entitled All-out Defense Education supplementary taught materials. In order to establish its credibility and validity, the interview questionnaires were consulted by domestic scholars and experts, high school and college general education in charge of national defense and high school and college All-Out Defense Education instructors taught the fine 8 focus groups. As for Delphi technique part, a committee of fifteen members, included domestic scholars and experts, high school and college general education in charge of national defense and teaching high school and college instructors, would be established. The committee underwent three-round questionnaire survey to estimate the average standard deviation and the percentage statistical methods such as described in statistical analysis and effective Upper Secondary Education to build a All-Out Defense Teacher should be prepared in 26 disciplines of required Subject Knowledge and Competency levels and 98 items of the demand connotation. Finally and hopefully, the result of the conclusions and recommendations of this study could be helpful to authorities concerned. 中文摘要.............................................. ii 英文摘要.............................................. iii 謝誌................................................ v 目　次................................................ vi 表　次................................................ viii 圖　次................................................ x 第一章　緒論.......................................... 1 第一節　研究背景、動機及目的........................ 1 第二節　研究範圍、限制及名詞釋義.................... 4 第三節　研究方法、論文架構及步驟.................... 6 第二章　文獻探討...................................... 11 第一節　全民國防教育的內涵與重要性.................. 11 第二節　後期中等教育全民國防教育課程分析與師資規劃.. 41 第三節　教師應備能力及其分析方法.................... 61 第三章　研究設計與實施................................ 77 第一節　焦點團體訪談之設計與實施.................... 77 第二節　德懷術之設計與實施.......................... 83 第四章　分析與討論.................................... 91 第一節　應備學科專門知能層面需求.................... 91 第二節　應備學科專門知能項目內涵需求................ 96 第三節　綜合討論.................................... 115 第五章　結論與建議.................................... 133 第一節　結論........................................ 133 第二節　建議........................................ 134 參考文獻.............................................. 137 附錄................................................ 149 一、焦點團體訪談先期參考資料...................... 149 二、焦點團體訪談意見彙整.......................... 159 三、第一次德懷術問卷內容.......................... 165 四、第二次德懷術問卷內容.......................... 171 五、第三次德懷術問卷內容.......................... 177 六、作者簡介...................................... 183 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U0006-0107200918002100 呂家懷 Chia-Huai Lu 網路自我指涉廣告效果之研究 Research of Internet Self-Reference Advertising Effects 耿慶瑞碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488057 97 98 中文 96 自我指涉論點品質想像力生動程度 self-reference argument strength vividness of visual imagery 由於網際網路成為人們日常生活中不可或缺的一份子，所以網路廣告也在行銷領域中興起一波新革命，但是業界與相關學者仍不斷在探詢有效率的廣告策略與手法。而自我指涉的概念在心理學中早已被鑽研許久，也有相當程度之成果，但應用在網路廣告層次的討論卻不豐碩。因此本研究將自我指涉導入至網路廣告中，利用一些廣告線索，鼓勵消費者在接受廣告資訊時，能夠將品牌或產品與消費者個人過去經驗進行連結。更由於在網路中廣告可以加入高度的生動元素與豐富的互動效果，將使網路廣告的自我指涉性更為顯著。因此本研究將比較加入自我指涉後之網路廣告效果。另外，根據文獻推論我們也認為廣告的論點品質對分析型的自我指涉廣告會有干擾的效果；而敘事型自我指涉網路廣告效果也取決於消費者自身的想像力生動程度。本研究採用實驗室實驗法，以大專院校260個學生為樣本。結果發現，加入自我指涉的廣告之說服效果優於無自我指涉廣告是顯著的。論點品質對分析型自我指涉廣告之廣告態度、購買意圖有交互作用。而想像力生動程度對敘事型自我指涉之購買意圖也有干擾效果。因此本研究建議在實務上可加入自我指涉的元素，將會加強網路廣告對消費者的影響程度。 The concept of self-reference has been widely studied in the field of psychology, but it does not have much research in advertisement area. The purpose of this study is to apply self-reference to internet advertisement and measuring the advertisement effects. The two moderator variables, argument strength and vividness of visual imagery, had also been discussed. The lab experiment was conducted, and 260 subjects participated in the experiment. The results indicate that the advertisement effect in self-reference advertising is better than no self-reference advertising. Furthermore, argument strength has moderate effect to advertisement attitude and purchase intention in analytical self-reference ad and vividness of visual imagery has moderate effect to purchase intention in narrative self-reference ad too. 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 IX 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究問題與目的 3 1.3 研究流程 3 第二章文獻探討 5 2.1 網路廣告 5 2.2 自我基模 8 2.2.1 自我基模對記憶的影響 8 2.2.2 自我指涉 9 2.2.3 自我指涉廣告 10 2.2.4 自我指涉的分類 17 2.3 推敲可能性模式 19 2.3.1 論點品質 22 2.4 想像力生動程度 24 2.4.1 想像力生動程度與敘事型自我指涉廣告的效果 24 2.5 廣告效果 25 第三章研究方法 27 3.1 研究架構 27 3.2 研究假設 28 3.3 研究變數與操作性定義 32 3.3.1 樣本選擇 32 3.3.2 產品選擇 32 3.3.3 品牌選擇 34 3.3.4 信度與效度 35 3.3.5 自我指涉廣告設計 36 3.3.6 廣告論點品質設計 37 3.3.7 想像力生動程度的衡量 37 3.3.8 廣告效果的衡量 37 3.3.9 實驗步驟 38 第四章研究結果 40 4.1 樣本特性描述 40 4.2 信度、效度分析 42 4.3 操弄檢驗 43 4.3.1 自我指涉操弄檢驗 43 4.3.2 論點品質操弄檢驗 44 4.3.3隨機性檢驗 45 4.4 假說驗證 47 第五章結論與建議 71 5.1 研究結果 71 5.1.1 自我指涉廣告之效果 73 5.1.2 論點品質之影響 73 5.1.3 想像力生動程度之影響 74 5.2 理論與實務意涵 75 5.3 研究限制與後續研究建議 76 參考文獻 77 附錄一：前測問卷 85 附錄二：實驗問卷 89 附錄三：實驗廣告 91 一、中文文獻 [1] 耿慶瑞(民88)，國立政治大學企業管理研究所。博士論文，未出版，台北市。 [2] 林宏遠(民91)，遙距臨場感對WWW廣告效果的影響。國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。 [3] 劉凱銘(民91)，互動廣告對經驗產品屬性轉換之研究。國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。 [4] 洪釗雯(民93)，瘦身廣告的強弱論點如何透過瘦身的雙歧態度影響廣告效果。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。 [5] 翁淳宏(民94)，廣播廣告說服效果研究以推敲可能性模式(ELM)分析。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。 [6] 謝恩(民94)，恐懼訴求對廣告效果之影響－訊息正反性與論點強弱之探討。輔仁大學餐旅管理學系碩士班碩士論文，未出版，台北縣。 [7] 王峻惇(民95)，不同品牌知名度產品之網路負面口碑效果。國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文，未出版，新竹市。 [8] 王慶福、洪光遠、程淑華、王郁茗 (民95)。社會心理學。台北：雙葉書廊。 [9] 吳肇銘(民95)。資訊呈現方式、回饋機制對活動式網路廣告效果影響之研究。Electronic Commerce Studies。4卷2期。頁數181-209。 [10] 陳皎眉、王叢桂、孫蒨如(民95)。社會心理學。台北：雙葉出版社。 [11] 廖淑伶(民96)。消費者行為。台北縣三重市：前程文化。 [12] 財團法人台灣網路資訊中心(民97)，九十七年度台灣寬頻網路使用調查。http://www.twnic.net.tw/download/200307/0804c.pdf。二、英文文獻 [13] Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Mikulincer, M., & Zalts, N. 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U0006-0107200920341600 王俊傑 Chun-Chieh Wang 自我指涉對3D與2D網路廣告效果影響之研究 The Study of Self-Reference Influence with 3D and 2D Internet Advertising Effects 耿慶瑞 Ching-Jui Keng 碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488041 97 98 中文 110 自我指涉認知需求虛擬實境虛擬經驗廣告效果 Self-Reference Need For Cognition Virtual Reality Virtual Experience Advertising Effect 由於人格特質的不同會造成消費者在資訊搜尋與說服路徑的選擇上有所差異，因此本研究從2D、3D虛擬實境呈現對網路廣告效果影響的觀點切入作為本研究之主要架構，再以自我指涉(Self-reference)及認知需求(Need for Cognition)視為干擾變數，透過認知需求程度高低將消費者加以區隔，並搭配自我指涉廣告內容敘事型(Narrative)、分析型(Analytical)及無自我指涉三種廣告內容類型、2D靜態圖示與3D互動影像兩種廣告呈現方式，以三項構面為基礎搭配出12組不同類型的廣告分析組合。配合推敲可行性模式(Elaboration Likelihood Model, ELM)及資源配適理論(Resource-Matching Theory)的應用，進一步探討網路廣告呈現方式、廣告內容及顧客特性三者之間的交互關係。研究結果顯示，自我指涉、認知需求、虛擬實境分別在不同的組合下將產生不同程度的干擾作用。結果發現高認知需求的消費者對自我指涉廣告內容的感受較為敏感；而影響低認知需求消費者的關鍵因素在於網路廣告的影像效果；且兩者對廣告態度、購買意願的影響效果皆大於對產品的品牌態度。因此，在實務的應用上可以針對不同的市場區隔，提供對其最佳廣告呈現與內容組合順序，以達到企業利潤之最大化。 As competition in B2C e-commerce becomes more intense, Web-based stores are attempting to attract consumers’ attention by exploiting state-of-the-art technologies. Virtual reality (VR) on the Internet has been gaining prominence recently because it enables consumers to experience products realistically over the Internet. The research contrasts narrative self-referencing with analytical self-referencing that application in Virtual reality of Internet advertisement, and separate consumer’s group with Need for Cognition degree. This study regard Self-reference and Need for Cognition as the parameter of interfering. It refers to the application of Elaboration Likelihood Model and Resource-Matching Theory, and examines the interaction of Virtual Reality, Self-referencing advertising content and customer''s characteristic. The result of study shows Virtual Reality, Self-reference and Need for Cognition produce the various interference results under different matching separately. And the influence results of advertising attitude and purchase intentions are greater than the attitude about brand of the products. Taking the research findings, it can separate to different market districts, offer advertisement of the best mode of display and content to individual consumer. And it bring about the maximization of consumer''s Learning result. 摘要.............................................I ABSTRACT.........................................II 誌謝.............................................III 目錄.............................................IV 表目錄...........................................VIII 圖目錄...........................................X 第一章緒論......................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機...............................1 1.2 研究問題與目的 ...............................2 1.3 研究步驟.....................................3 第二章文獻探討..................................5 2.1虛擬實境與網路廣告............................5 2.1.1 虛擬實境之定義與類型.......................5 2.1.2 虛擬實境特性 ...............................5 2.1.3 虛擬實境之廣告效果.........................6 2.1.4 網路廣告定義與特性.........................7 2.1.5 網路廣告與虛擬實境相關研究.................9 2.2虛擬經驗......................................9 2.2.1虛擬經驗定義與分類..........................9 2.2.2虛擬經驗、直接經驗、間接經驗的產品經驗實證研究..10 2.2.3虛擬經驗廣告................................13 2.3自我指涉理論..................................16 2.3.1自我指涉定義................................16 2.3.2 自我指涉相關實證研究.......................16 2.4認知需求理論..................................23 2.4.1認知需求定義................................23 2.4.2認知需求與資源配適理論之關係................24 2.4.3認知需求與推敲可行性模式之關係..............24 2.5廣告說服效果..................................25 第三章研究方法..................................28 3.1 研究架構.....................................28 3.2研究假說......................................29 3.2.1 網路廣告虛擬實境程度對廣告效果之影響.......29 3.2.2自我指涉廣告內容對廣告效果之影響............30 3.2.3自我指涉對虛擬實境程度與廣告效果關係之干擾..31 3.2.4認知需求對虛擬實境程度與廣告效果關係之干擾..31 3.2.5認知需求與自我指涉網路廣告效果之干擾........32 3.2.6認知需求與自我指涉對虛擬實境程度與廣告效果關係之交互影響...............................................33 3.3研究變數與操作性定義..........................35 3.3.1樣本選擇....................................35 3.3.2產品選擇....................................35 3.3.3信度與效度..................................38 3.3.4虛擬實境網站設計............................39 3.3.5自我指涉設計................................40 3.3.6認知需求的衡量..............................40 3.3.7廣告效果的衡量..............................42 3.3.8實驗步驟....................................43 第四章資料分析..................................45 4.1 樣本特性描述.................................45 4.2 信度、效度分析 ...............................46 4.3操弄檢驗......................................48 4.4假說驗證......................................50 4.4.1假說H1-1、H1-2、H1-3檢定....................51 4.4.2假說H2-1、H2-2檢定..........................51 4.4.3假說H3-1、H3-2檢定..........................53 4.4.4假說H4-1、H4-2檢定..........................56 4.4.5假說H5-1、H5-2檢定..........................60 4.4.6假說H6-1、H6-2、H6-3、H6-4檢定..............64 4.5綜合討論......................................70 第五章結論與建議................................73 5.1研究結論......................................73 5.1.1網路廣告虛擬實境程度對廣告效果之影響........74 5.1.2網路廣告自我指涉程度對廣告效果之影響........74 5.1.3自我指涉對虛擬實境程度與廣告效果關係之干擾..74 5.1.4認知需求對虛擬實境程度與廣告效果關係之干擾..75 5.1.5認知需求與自我指涉網路廣告效果之干擾........75 5.1.6認知需求與自我指涉對虛擬實境廣告效果之交互影響..76 5.2實務意涵......................................77 5.3研究限制與未來研究建議........................78 參考文獻.........................................79 一、中文文獻.....................................79 二、英文文獻.....................................79 附錄一前測問卷..................................89 附錄二實驗問卷..................................93 附錄三廣告畫面..................................95 附錄四實驗數據..................................101 一、中文文獻 [1].范錚強、王存國、王凱(2006)。線上環境中廣告情境呈現與執行手法對廣告效果的影響：廣告變化、訊息訴求與導引效果。資訊管理學報，13，第三期。 [2].吳肇銘(2006)。資訊呈現方式、回饋機制對活動式網路廣告效果影響之研究。Electronic Commerce Studies。4卷2期，181-209。 [3].高泉豐(1994)。認知需求的概念與測量。中華心理學刊。36卷1期，1-20。 [4].耿慶瑞(1999)。WWW廣告效果之研究。國立政治大學企業管理研究所。博士論文。台北。 [5].田治平(2005)。角色代言人在推敲可能性模式的影響途徑。國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。中壢。 [6].林宏遠(2002)。遙距臨場感對WWW廣告效果的影響。國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所碩士論文。台北。 [7].盧怡鈴(2002)。資訊呈現方式與回饋機制對網路廣告效果影響之研究—以網路活動型廣告為例。中原大學資訊管理研究所。碩士論文。中壢。 [8].陳俊傑(2001)。訊息典型性、訊息正反性與認知需求對消費者品牌態度之影響。國立台灣大學商學研究所。碩士論文。台北。 [9].蕭志強(1999)。廣告網頁的視覺呈現介面與產品類別對消費者說服效果的影響。國立中正大學資訊管理研究碩士論文。嘉義。 [10].鍾佑德(1999)。網站特性對網路購物知覺風險、資訊搜尋策略影響之研究。國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。中壢。 [11].陳明璋(1998)。網站廣告呈現方式對廣告效果之影響。國立中央大學資訊管理研究所。碩士論文。中壢。 [12].周惠珍(1998)。網際網路標題廣告效果研究 : 廣告大小與資訊量之影響。國立交通大學經營管理研究所。碩士論文。新竹。 [13].谷雅慧(1996)。資訊呈現方式對網路行網廣告效果之研究—以實驗報探討WWW網路購物情境。國立中央大學資訊管理研究所。碩士論文。中壢。二、英文文獻 [1].Adams, Mark (1995).Brands of Gold. 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U0006-0107200921250600 蕭宇超 Yu-Chao Hsiao 建構分佈反饋式雷射其主模與-1側模之鎖模注入技術於光纖微波傳輸系統 Radio-over-Fiber Transport Systems Based On Distributed Feedback Laser Diode With Main and -1 Side Modes Injection-locked Technique 曾世杰 Shah-Jye Tzeng 碩士國立台北科技大學光電工程系研究所 96658070 97 98 英文 82 分佈反饋式雷射二極體鎖模注入技術光纖微波側模抑制比全雙工 Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser diode Injection-locked technique Radio-over-fiber Side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) full-duplex 在本篇論文主旨在研究與設計不同種類型態之光纖通訊傳輸系統，而所提出與經由實驗證實之不同種類的傳輸架構，其中包含有類比與數位傳輸系統、光纖微波傳輸系統及全雙工光纖微波傳輸系統，建構於不同的傳輸技術，如鎖模注入技術、直接調變與外部調變、僅一光單旁波帶調變技術等，進而改善側模抑制比與色散之影響，達到提升整體傳輸系統效能之改善。首先，利用法布里-珀羅雷射二極體(Fabry-Perot Laser Diode, FP LD)其具有較佳之成本效應與多重模態之特性，藉由二顆法布里-珀羅雷射二極體互相鎖模注入技術，獲得一平坦且多模態的光頻譜，因而獲得一寬頻光源，且提供一顯著優異之機制，取代需要使用一昂貴之外部調變器與載波抑制技術的架構，大幅降低系統成本與簡化。其次，利用僅一光單旁波帶調變技術，藉由光單旁波帶的方式，可以縮減線寬，大幅改善傳輸時所導致色散之影響，因而降低射頻功率衰減的情形，且使用分波多工(Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM)及光塞取多工(Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers, OADM)技術可以簡化系統架構及方便基地台的升級作業。再者，利用分佈反饋式雷射二極體之-1模鎖模注入技術，以直接調變方式混合基頻(622Mbps)與射頻(622Mbps/10GHz)訊號，根據先前所進行之研究，習得由光電子回授技術，可以大幅提升光功率，進行傳輸80公里標準單模光纖，即建構一同時具有光纖到家(數位基頻訊號傳輸)與光纖微波傳輸之整合型傳輸系統。最後，利用主模及-1側模之鎖模注入技術，達到提升分佈反饋式雷射二極體(Distributed Feedback Laser Diode, DFB LD)之本身頻率響應，且提高側模抑制比，因此技術可以將任一選定之側模形成光源，取得全新多根光源，以直接調變方式，且在用戶端不外加任何光源，建構一傳輸光源於中心機房之網路，進行光纖微波傳輸，經下行傳輸40公里與上行傳輸80公里標準單模光纖，獲得優異之誤碼率與傳輸效能提昇。 In this thesis, we study various structures of optical fiber communication transport systems. The proposed transmission systems which are demonstrated include transport systems of analog and digital as well as transport systems of Radio-over-Fiber (ROF) and Full-duplex Radio-over-Fiber. The different schemes of transmission are engineered according to different techniques such as injection-locked technique, direct modulation, external modulation, and single sideband modulation in order to enhance side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and reduce dispersion. Therefore, the overall performance and configuration of transmission are extremely improved First, employing mutually injection-locked Fabry-Perot (FP) Laser Diodes which possesses superior cost-effective benefits and multi-modes characteristics can achieve the flat and multi-modes spectrum. Accordingly, a broadband light source is obtained. Besides, it reveals an outstanding alternative with advantages in simplicity and cost instead of using expensive external modulators and sophisticated optical carrier suppression technique. Second, employing only one optical sideband modulation technique greatly reduced the dispersion because it effectively diminished the linewidth so as to decrease radio frequency (RF) fading effect. Furthermore, it is convenient and beneficial for the systems and base stations to simplify and upgrade architectures through wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM) techniques. Third, employing the -1 side mode of distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode injection-locked technique and optoelectronic feedback technique extremely raises SMSR and optical power according to the extension of previous studies and researches. Consequently, the baseband (622Mbps) signal and the RF (622Mbps/10GHz) signal are successfully transmitted simultaneously over an-80 km single mode fiber (SMF). Hence, it integrates the transport systems of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and ROF. Finally, employing main and -1 side modes of DFB LD injection-locked technique according to the extension of previous studies and researches not only significantly increases the resonance frequency of the slave laser, but also prominently enhances SMSR. Moreover, any chosen side modes can be transmission light sources which provide several light sources to transmit. In addition, the system based on these techniques in direct modulation can transmit over a-40km SMF for the downstream and an-80km SMF for the upstream without any other light source in base stations. Good performances of bit error rate (BER) was achieved and improved. Therefore, a state-of-the-art lightwave centralized network is realized. Chinese Abstract i English Abstract iii Acknowledgements v Contents vi List of Figures ix List of Tables xii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Optical Fiber Communication 1 1.1.1 Radio-over-Fiber (ROF) Transport Systems 2 1.1.2 Fiber-to-The-Home (FTTH) Transport System and Passive Optical Network (PON) Transport Systems 5 1.2 Motivation of the thesis 6 1.3 Organization of the thesis 8 Chapter 2 System Components and Parameters 10 2.1 Laser Light Sources 10 2.1.1 Fabry-Perot Laser 11 2.1.2 Distributed Feedback Laser 12 2.2 Loss and Dispersion 14 2.3 Nonlinear Phenomena 16 2.4 Bit Error Rate 19 Chapter 3 System Technologies 20 3.1 Modulation Technology 20 3.2 Multiplexing Technology 23 3.3 Injection-locked Technology 25 3.4 Transport Protocol 27 Chapter 4 Employing Mutually Injection-Locked FP LDs Scheme over Full-Duplex Radio-over-Fiber Transport Systems 29 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Experimental Setup 31 4.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 34 4.4 Summary 41 Chapter 5 Employing only one optical sideband modulation technique in full-duplex radio-over-fiber transport systems 42 5.1 Introduction 42 5.2 Experimental Setup 44 5.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 47 5.4 Summary 52 Chapter 6 FTTH/ROF Transport Systems Based on -1 Side Mode Injection-locked and Optoelectronic Feedback Techniques 53 6.1 Introduction 53 6.2 Experimental Setup 55 6.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 58 6.4 Summary 63 Chapter 7 Radio-over-Fiber Transport Systems Based on DFB LD with Main and -1 Side Modes Injection-Locked Techniques 64 7.1 Introduction 64 7.2 Experimental Setup 66 7.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 68 7.4 Summary 73 Chapter 8 Conclusions 74 References 76 Publication List 82 [1] K. 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U0006-0107200922395800 呂昱廷 Yu-Ting Lu 碼頭設施維護管理系統之建構研究 A Study of Building The Pier Facilities Maintenance Management System 林利國碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 96428058 97 98 中文 119 養護維修大三通碼頭維護管理系統 Maintenance Repair The Three Direct Links Piers Maintenance Management System 隨著國內重大公共建設陸續完成，以及於70年代大量興建的十大建設，十二項建設等公共工程進入「中年期」，而由於港灣設施亦為當時重大公共建設之ㄧ環，國內五大國際商港面對近期政府開放「大三通」政策所帶來之衝擊，其維護管理問題必將成為國內海運再度重回世界舞台的首要挑戰。歐、美、日等先進國家於90年代後期即已發覺養護維修工程的重要性，因而陸續投入大量的人力、物力進行相關的政策與技術研究。由於近期內政府與中國大陸開放大三通為國內海運業再度注入生命力，然硬體設施卻明顯不足以因應即將面臨之龐大使用量；有鑑於此，本研究將結合資訊科技之研發技術，建構一碼頭設施維護管理系統，使各階段、類型之碼頭檢測能確實達成，並且有效率地達成改善碼頭設施，進而達成長遠的國家整體經濟發展目標。本研究參考國內外近年之碼頭維護管理相關文獻，並擬定針對我國各種碼頭型式之各部位構件進行分項探討，進而研析其可能產生之老劣化現象，以Microsoft Access 2003為資料庫建構工具，建構一套可即時儲存紀錄構件劣化位置與程度之維護管理系統，以作為碼頭設施之改善、補強之策略參考。 Attendant on major infrastructure projects progressive completion and a large number of major construction projects have been built in 70''s, the 12 public constructions enter into the "middle period" that include one of major infrastructure projects, harbor facilities. Recently, Taiwan and mainland China promulgated "the three direct links", The maintenance and management promotion of 5 main international port will inevitably become the critical challenge of backing to reach the global standard. In view of knowing the importance of maintenance engineering, European, U.S.A. and Japan threw in the massive human resource and material to research related technology and policy in the late stage of 90''s. Taiwan and mainland China promulgated "the three direct links" of post, trade and transport services that pours into the vitality for the shipping industry, however, the aging facilities are insufficient to huge amount of use, so that, the study combine the development technology of information science to build a pier facilities maintenance management system that expect to achieve the various process and types inspection practically, then arrive the long-term national whole economic development goal by improve the port facilities effectively. This study reference recent years domestic and foreign related literatures, and gradual analysis the deteriorated phenomenon of each component in different kind of harbor facilities, use Microsoft Access 2003 as database tool to develop a pier facilities maintenance management system that could record facility deterioration degree and position immediately so that administrator can layout maintenance plan and countermeasure from these saved information. 摘　要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 iv 圖目錄 v 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍與限制 3 1.4 研究方法與流程 4 第二章文獻回顧 6 2.1設施維護管理理念探討 6 2.1.1 生命週期維護管理定義 7 2.1.2生命週期維護管理特性 11 2.1.3生命週期維護管理流程 14 2.2管理資訊系統 22 2.3碼頭設施管理系統之定義 25 2.4國外碼頭設施管理系統發展 28 2.4.1美國WHARFER 28 2.4.2日本港灣構造物維護修補手冊 31 2.5小結 38 第三章碼頭維護管理機制與現況探討 39 3.1維護組織沿革與發展 39 3.1.1基隆港維護組織系統與業務職掌 39 3.1.2高雄港維護組織系統與業務職掌 40 3.1.3臺中港維護組織系統與業務職掌 41 3.1.4花蓮港維護組織系統與業務職掌 42 3.2國內碼頭維護管理工作 43 3.2.1基隆港務局港埠設施維護檢修作業規定 44 3.2.2高雄港區老舊碼頭安全調查及評估研究 45 3.2.3港灣構造物安全檢測與評估之研究 47 3.2.4震後港灣及河堤快速診斷與補強手冊 50 3.2.5國軍港灣軍事設施維護管理制度之探討 52 3.3 國內碼頭種類 53 3.3.1國內碼頭類型及比率 53 3.3.2各類型碼頭之特性 56 3.4 碼頭設施缺失改善對策 63 3.4.1鋼筋混凝土維修工法 63 3.4.2鋼構造物維修工法 67 3.4.3其他維修補強工法 70 3.5小結 79 第四章碼頭設施維護管理系統建置 81 4.1系統開發流程 81 4.2使用者需求分析 82 4.3系統開發工具 82 4.3.1全球資訊網 83 4.3.2 HTML之背景及概述 84 4.3.3互動式網頁 86 4.3.4互動式網頁程式開發平台 86 4.3.5 資料庫管理系統 91 4.3.6 Windows Server 2008 93 4.4系統架構介紹與頁面展示 95 4.4.1系統架構 95 4.4.2系統頁面展示 96 第五章結論與建議 105 5.1 結論 105 5.2 建議 105 附錄 109 一、交通部基隆港務局港埠工程處辦事細則 109 二、交通部高雄港務局港埠工程處辦事細則 112 三、交通部臺中港務局棧埠管理處辦事細則 115 四、交通部花蓮港務局棧埠工程處辦事細則 118 [1] 朱明中，程式設計俱樂部 Visual Studio 2005 技術專欄（一），如何安裝Visual Studio 2005 Express 系列產品與Visual Studio 2005 Starter Kits，2008。 [3] 賴保勳，運用在HTML 文件中隱藏資料之新技術做版權保護、篹改偵測及隱秘通訊，2004。 [4] Gordon B. 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This newly synthesized diamine monomer was polycondensed with various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides to produce a series of novel triphenylamine-based polyimides with pendent dimethylamino substituents. These polymers showed high glass transition temperatures between 299 and 324 ℃, and they were stable up to a temperature above 500 ℃. The 5 % weight-loss temperatures of these polymers in nitrogen and air were higher than 425 and 442 ℃, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms of the polyimides showed two reversible redox waves with half-wave oxidation potentials (E1/2) of 0.49-0.59 V and 0.93-0.96 V (versus Ag/AgCl), respectively, in an acetonitrile solution. The polyimide films revealed good stability of electrochromic characteristics, with a coloration change of the film from the pale yellow neutral form to the green semioxidized form, and the purple-blue fully oxidized state. The coloration change was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. 摘　要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 III 目　錄 IV 表目錄 VI 圖目錄 VII 第一章　緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 節能玻璃簡介 2 1.3 變色材料 4 第二章　文獻回顧 7 2.1 電致變色（ELETROCHROMISM） 7 2.2 聚醯亞胺（POLYIMIDE） 8 2.3 三苯胺（TRIPHENYLAMINE） 10 第三章研究動機 13 3.1 研究動機與目的 13 3.2 分子設計 13 第四章實驗 16 4.1 藥品與溶劑 16 4.2 儀器設備 18 4.3 單體合成 21 4.3.1　4,4’-Dinitro-4”-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine（1） 21 4.3.2　4,4’-Diamino-4”-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine（2） 21 4.4 聚合物合成 22 4.4.1　Poly(amic acid)s（4a～4f） 22 4.4.2　Polyimides（5a～5f） 23 第五章結果與討論 24 5.1單體合成 24 5.2聚合物合成 26 5.3聚合物的性質 29 5.3.1 表面結構分析 29 5.3.2 固有黏度及溶解性質分析 32 5.3.3 結晶性質分析 34 5.3.4 熱性質分析 35 5.3.5 光學與電化學性質分析 45 第四章結論 61 參考文獻 63 [1] 台灣電力公司，建築物節約能源簡介，台北：台灣電力公司，1995。 [2] 周家鵬，建築外周區採光、照明與遮陽電腦模擬評估自動化作業，台北：內政部建築研究所籌備處，1993。 [3] 內政部建築研究所，綠建材解說與評估手冊，台北：內政部建築研究所，2007。 [4] 張仕欣、李文錦、張光偉，「調光材料於建築窗戶節能之應用」，工業材料月刊，2004年12月。 [5] 楊明輝，透明導電膜，台北：藝軒圖書出版社，2006年10月20日。 [6] M. Moniruzzaman , P. Zioupos, G.F. Fernando. M. 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U0006-0108200915463400 劉一德 I-Te Liu 混凝土結構之側推分析探討 The study on the Pushover Analysis of RC Structures 廖文義碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 96428016 96 98 中文 146 鋼筋混凝土側推分析塑性鉸 Reinforced Concrete Pushover analysis Plastic Hinge 本研究為討論混凝土結構使用美國FEMA(Federal Emergency Management Agency)建議之塑鉸設定方式進行側推分析的優劣性，以國家地震工程研究中心所進行鋼筋混凝土結構物的反覆加載試驗為依據，採用SAP2000軟體進行非線性側推分析(Nonlinear Pushover Analysis)並建立容量曲線。塑性鉸之建立為參照FEMA所提出之模擬方式，求得容量曲線，與試驗之結果做比較並逐步比對破壞模式。研究發現雖然可以模擬出近似的破壞行為，但容量曲線與試驗遲滯迴圈的包絡線相比，仍有明顯差異。因此判斷FEMA建議之方式，在破壞模式之模擬較真實，而桿件的殘餘強度較低導致分析後期強度下降太多，而使得分析之準確性變差。 The major purpose of this research is to study the strong points and weak points of the nonlinear analysis procedure that recommended by FEMA. The analyzed RC structures for comparison are some tested specimens that performed in NCREE. The definition of hinge properties of analyzed structures are according to the regulation of FEMA, the SAP2000 software is adopted for the pushover analysis and to establish the capacity curves. The simulated capacity curves and failure modes of RC structures are compared with those results obtained by cyclic loading tests. This study found that the simulated failure mode can reflect the actual damage conditions by tests, but the simulated capacity curves have significant differences as compared with the test results. The major reason of the differences between simulation and test is that the FEMA’s recommendations have underestimate the residual strength and ductility of the backbone curves of members. 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 iv 誌謝 v 目錄 vi 表目錄 viii 圖目錄 xi 第一章　緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.3 研究內容 4 第二章　RC構架側推分析模型之流程 6 2.1 構架桿件位置 6 2.2 材料性質 6 2.3 斷面性質 6 2.4 塑鉸性質 7 2.4.1 鋼筋混凝土梁柱之塑鉸模擬 8 2.4.1.1 撓曲塑鉸 12 2.4.1.2 剪力塑鉸 12 2.4.2 鋼筋混凝土牆之塑鉸模擬 13 2.4.2.1 撓曲塑鉸 13 2.4.2.2 剪力塑鉸 14 2.4.3 磚牆之塑鉸模擬 14 2.4.3.1 磚牆之等值斜撐寬度 14 2.4.3.2 磚牆之側向載重位移曲線 15 2.4.3.3 磚牆之臨界破裂角與破壞路徑 16 2.4.3.4 磚牆之極限強度 17 2.4.3.5 磚牆之極限位移 19 2.4.3.6 磚牆之殘餘強度 19 2.4.3.7 磚牆塑鉸之定義與設置 20 2.4.4 塑鉸及釋放彎矩之配置 20 2.4.5 剛性樓版 21 2.5外力加載形式 21 2.6 非線性側推分析流程 21 第三章　RC含牆平面構架之側推分析 37 3.1 構架桿件位置與試體描述 37 3.2 材料性質 38 3.3 斷面性質 38 3.4 塑鉸性質 38 3.4.1 鋼筋混凝土梁柱之塑鉸模擬 38 3.4.2 鋼筋混凝土牆之塑鉸模擬 39 3.5 外力加載形式 39 3.5.1 垂直柱軸力 39 3.5.2 水平側推力 39 3.6 非線性側推分析與結果 40 第四章　校舍結構平面構架之側推分析 80 4.1 構架桿件位置 80 4.2 材料性質 80 4.3 斷面性質 81 4.4 塑鉸性質 81 4.4.1 鋼筋混凝土梁柱之塑鉸模擬 81 4.4.2 磚牆之塑鉸模擬 82 4.5 外力加載形式 83 4.5.1 垂直柱軸力 83 4.5.2 水平側推力 83 4.6 非線性側推分析與結果 84 第五章　三維RC含牆構架之雙向側推分析 100 5.1 構架桿件位置 100 5.2 材料性質 101 5.3 斷面性質 101 5.4 塑鉸性質 101 5.4.1 鋼筋混凝土梁柱之塑鉸模擬 101 5.4.2 鋼筋混凝土牆之塑鉸模擬 102 5.4.3 塑鉸及釋放彎矩之配置 102 5.5 外力加載形式 102 5.5.1 垂直柱軸力 102 5.5.2 水平側推力 104 5.6 非線性側推分析與結果 105 5.6.1 X、Y方向位移與剪力之比例 105 5.6.2 遲滯迴圈與容量曲線 106 5.6.3 遲滯迴圈與容量曲線之比對 106 第六章結論與建議 140 6.1 結論 140 6.2 建議與未來研究 141 參考文獻 143 [1] FEMA 356, “Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings”, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 2000 [2] ATC-40, “Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings”, Report No. SSC 96-01, Applied Technology Council, 1996 [3] ACI Committee 318, “Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-05) and commentary (ACI 318R-05)”, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2005 [4] James M. 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The nonlinear dynamic history analyses are also performed and compared with the results obtained from shake table tests. In the shake table test, the input ground motions are the acceleration time histories that recorded at the 921 Ji.Ji earthquake. The story drift, roof acceleration and some dynamic responses of the tested frames are measured and the dynamic properties of tested frames have discussed in this study. In the numerical simulation, the finite element analysis programs Sap2000 with the Takeda hysteresis model have adopted as the analysis tool for analyzing the non.linear behaviors of the tested RC frames. From the comparison of analyzed results with those tested results, show that the modeling methodology proposed in this research can actually simulate the damage conditions and drift ratio of the RC frames structures under earthquake excitations. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究方法 2 1.3 文獻回顧 2 1.4 本文內容 4 第二章鋼筋混凝土結構之非線性行為模擬 5 2.1 鋼筋混凝土結構元件非線性行為之模擬 5 2.2 斷面分析 6 2.2.1 彈性軸向勁度 6 2.2.1.1 彈性旋轉勁度 6 2.2.2 降伏彎矩及轉角與極限彎矩及轉角 7 2.2.2.1 XTRACT 軟體簡介 7 2.2.2.2 斷面彎矩與曲率之關係 8 2.2.2.3 斷面之降伏轉角(θy)與極限轉角(θu) 10 2.2.3 剛性域 10 2.2.4 塑性區長度 11 2.2.5 非線性元素之模擬 11 2.2.5.1 非線性元素變形之關係 12 2.2.5.2 線性彈簧力與變形之關係 12 2.2.5.3 多線性Takeda塑性構材 13 2.3 非線性歷時分析與數值求解 14 2.3.1 非線性分析簡介 15 2.3.2 模態分析 15 2.4 數值分析 18 2.4.1 Newmark直接積分法 18 第三章結構之振動台試驗 28 3.1試驗介紹與設計 28 3.1.1 振動台試驗試體 28 3.1.1.1 單層雙跨RC構架試體(RCF) 28 3.1.2 兩層樓RC構架試體 29 3.2 量測系統 29 3.2.1 單層雙跨RC試體之量測儀器配置 30 3.2.2 兩層樓RC試體之量測儀器配置 30 3.3 試體實驗 31 3.3.1 單層雙跨RC試體之實驗 31 3.3.2 兩層樓RC試體之實驗 32 3.4 地表運動特性 33 3.5 傅立葉震幅譜之基本理論 34 3.6 構架系統識別 34 第四章試體之模擬分析 76 4.1 結構基本參數 76 4.2 非線性參數計算 77 4.2.1 單層雙跨試體之非線性參數計算 77 4.2.1.1梁之非線性參數計算 77 4.2.1.2柱之非線性參數計算 78 4.2.2 兩層樓RC試體之非線性參數計算 78 4.2.2.1梁之非線性參數計算 78 4.2.2.2柱之非線性參數計算 79 4.3 構架EI值調整設定 80 4.4 塑性鉸設定之差異探討 80 4.5 地震歷時反應 82 4.5.1 單層雙跨試體之歷時分析 82 4.5.2 兩層樓試體之歷時分析 84 4.6 綜合討論 85 4.7單層兩跨構架之健康診斷 86 第五章結論與建議 117 5.1 結論 117 5.2 建議 118 參考文獻 119 【1】 林炳昌、陳政杰、蕭志民、林志忠「功能設計法檢核樓房層間變位角時構材EI值之考量」，中原學報第三十一卷第一期，pp.7.19, 2003。【2】許智堡，RC 斷面分析軟體XTRACT 之解析應用，國立雲林科技大學實務專題，2003。【3】 Wilson, Edward L. etc.「SAP2000 Analysis Reference」, Computersand Structures, Inc,Berkeley, California, USA, 2002. 【4】 FEMA 273, NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Building , Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washingtion,1997. 【5】 Structure Engineers Association of California（SEAOC），"Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Building, " Vision 2000 Committee, 1995. 【6】蔡俊祥，使用黏性阻尼器於鋼筋混凝土結構之震力試驗研究，碩士，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系碩士論文，2004。【7】劉育成，強震時抗彎構架桿件元素韌性因子需求分佈之研究，碩士，國立成功大學土木工程系碩士論文，2003。【8】 Amir Z. Fam and Sami H. Rizkalla, “Behavior of Axially Loaded Concrete.Filled Circular Fiber.Reinforced Polymer Tubes.” ACI Structural Journal, Vol.98, No.3, pp. 280~289, May.June, 2001. 【9】 R. Park, and T. Paulay, “ Reinforced Concrete Structures,” A Wiley.Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, New York. London. Sydney. Toronto. 【10】 Wilson, E. L., Yuan, M..W., and Dickens, J. M. (1982). “Dynamic Analysis by Direct Superposition of Ritz Vectors,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol.10, pp. 813.821. 【11】 Newmark, N. M.”A Method of Computation for Structural Dynamics”, ASCE Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division. Vol.85 No. EM3. (1959) 【12】李錫霖、陳炳煌，「鋼筋混凝土學」，五南圖書出版股份有限公司, 民國九十四年三月【13】李森枏，「SAP2000 入門與工程上之應用」，科技圖書股份有限公司，民國92年9月。【14】中國建築標准設計研究院編著，「SAP2000中文版使用指南」，北京金土木軟件技術有限公司，民國九十五年六月。【15】 Crandall S.H. and Mark W.D., Random Vibration in Mechanical Systems, Academic Press Inc., 1963. 【16】李宜達麥焜,William J. Palm III譯著，「Matlab在工程上的應用」，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2004 【17】黃俊銘編譯，George Lindfield‧Dr.John Penny著，「數值方法.使用Matlab程式語言」，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2004 【18】洪文岳， “鋼筋混凝土抗彎構架系統之集集大地震非線性分析—探討耐震設計規範結構行為參數 ” ，民國九十年七月。【19】粘進財，「安裝金屬阻尼器鋼筋混凝土結構之耐震評估方法」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系，2008 【20】黃致仁，「具遲滯回復利折減之鋼筋混凝土構架的系統識別」，碩士論文，國立台灣大學土木工程學系，2009 【21】陳星宇，「壓電致能骨材於結構損壞評估之應用」，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所，2009 【22】林建輝，「致能骨材於結構損傷檢測之應用」，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所，2009 U0006-0108200916172100 吳崇熙 Chung-Hsi Wu WiMAX基頻產生器 Implementation of WiMAX Baseband Generator 尤信程碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598048 97 98 中文 95 WiMAX 基頻 IEEE 802.16e-2005 DSP FPGA DAC WiMAX IEEE 802.16e-2005 baseband DSP FPGA DAC 本論文以IEEE 802.16e-2005無線通訊協定為基礎，實作低成本之WiMAX基頻（或中頻）產生器，產生符合標準的WiMAX訊框，作為WiMAX實體層模擬與測試之研究發展。由於WiMAX等寬頻無線系統對傳輸量和資料速率的要求，為了能夠支援高資料速率，基礎硬體平台必須有足夠的處理能力。因此，在硬體方面，本論文採用德州儀器TMS320DM6446 EVM搭配FPGA模組、DAC模組以及自製連接電路板。TMS320DM6446具有高效能的數值運算能力，並提供良好的開發環境，而FPGA具有高度靈活的可配置性，透過DSP和FPGA的結合實作出WiMAX基頻產生器。 This topic is based on IEEE 802.16e-2005 communication protocol, expect to implement the low cost WiMAX baseband (or intermediate frequency) generator, it can generate WiMAX frame that accords with standard, and can develop as one platform of simulation and research for WiMAX. In order to meet the demands of bandwidth transfer and throughput for wireless system, there must be enough ability in the basic hardware platform. In hardware, we adopt the TI’s TMS320DM6446 DSP chip, FPGA module, DAC module and the circuit board make by ourself for connection. DSP has the high ability of computation, and offers the good development environment. FPGA has highly flexible and disposition, because the standard is changing constantly too, make this platform more elastic through the combination of DSP and FPGA. 摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 2 1.3 章節編排 3 第二章 IEEE 802.16e實體層 4 2.1 OFDMA符元概述 6 2.2 OFDMA訊框結構 7 2.3 符元對映 11 2.4 子通道與子載波排列 13 2.4.1 DL-FUSC 13 2.4.2 DL-PUSC 14 第三章系統建構與分析 17 3.1 硬體平台介紹 20 3.1.1 TI TMS320DM6446 EVM 20 3.1.2 TI DAC5687 EVM 23 3.1.3 GFEC Cyclone II Starter Kit 24 3.2 連結介面評估 25 3.2.1 VLYNQ 25 3.2.2 EMIFA 28 3.3 軟硬體配置分析 30 第四章系統設計與實作 34 4.1 系統架構 34 4.2 連接電路板 36 4.3 非同步介面之通訊 40 4.4 TMS320DM6446端之實作 43 4.4.1 傳送資料之編碼 45 4.4.2 程式流程 49 4.5 Cyclone II端之實作 53 4.5.1 Stage 1 57 4.5.2 Stage 2 59 4.5.3 Stage 3 62 4.5.4 Stage 4 66 4.5.5 結果分析 69 4.6 DAC5687 EVM參數設定 73 4.7 實作成果與系統驗證 76 4.7.1 FPGA模擬與除錯 76 4.7.1.1 Simulation Tool 76 4.7.1.2 SignalTap II Logic Analyzer 79 4.7.1.3 Logic Analyzer Interface 81 4.7.2 全系統驗證 83 第五章結論與未來展望 92 參考文獻 93 [1] “IEEE 802.16d-2004”, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks – Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems, IEEE Computer Society and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, IEEE standard, 2004. [2] “IEEE 802.16e-2005”, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks – Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems – Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands, IEEE Computer Society and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, IEEE standard, 28 Feb 2006. [3] Radio broadcasting systems: Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers, WTS 300 401 v1.3.2, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Sept. 2000. [4] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television, European Standard (EN) 300 744 V1.5.1, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Nov. 2004. [5] "IEEE Std 802.11a-1999 Part 11”, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications; high-speed physical layer in the 5 GHz band, IEEE Computer Society and IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, IEEE standard, 1999. [6] TMS320DM6446 Digital Media System-on-Chip (SPRS283F), Texas Instruments, December 2005. [7] DAC5687 Data Sheet (SLWS16E), Texas Instruments, February 2005. [8] DAC5687 EVM User’s Guide (SLWU017B), Texas Instruments, March 2007. [9] GFEC Cyclone II Starter Kit研發電路板中文使用手冊 [10] TMS320DM6446 DMSoC VLYNQ Port User’s Guide (SPRUER8), Texas Instrument, Dec 2007 [11] TMS320DM644x DMSoC Asynchronous External Memory Interface (EMIF) User''s Guide (Rev. B), Texas Instrument, Aug 2007 [12] TMS320DM6446 DMSoC ARM Subsystem Reference Guide (SPRUE14), Texas Instrument, [13] DaVinci-DM644x Evaluation Module Technical Reference (508165-0001 Rev. A), SPECTRUM DIGITAL, March 2006. [14] SN74AVCB164245 “16-BIT DUAL-SUPPLY BUS TRANSCEIVER WITH CONFIGURABLE VOLTAGE TRANSLATION AND 3-STATE OUTPUTS” (SCES394D) Data Sheet, Texas Instruments, June 2002. [15] TMS320DM644x DMSoC Gerneral-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) User’s Guide (SPRUE25), Texas Instruments, December 2005. [16] TMS320DM644x DMSoC Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller User’s Guide, Texas Instruments, July 2006. [17] Single- and Dual-Clock FIFO Megafunction User Guide, Altera, May 2007. [18] Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1, Altera, February 2007. [19] FFT MegaCore Function User Guide, Altera, May 2008. [20] Avalon Interface Specifications, Altera, October 2008. [21] PHY Layer of WiMAX (Chapter 8) [22] Quartus II Development Software Handbook v8.1 (Complete Five-Volume Set), Altera, November 2008. [23] DaVinci-DM644x Evaluation Module Technical Reference (508165-0001 Rev. C.), SPECTRUM DIGITAL, October 2006. U0006-0202200903190500 林斌凱 Pin-Kai Lin 有機可焊性保護劑之應用與製程最佳化 The best control model of OSP process and application 蘇昭瑾碩士國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所 92518028 97 98 中文 75 有機可焊性保護劑類神經網路實驗設計法製程能力 OSP ANN DOE Process Capability Index 受RoHS指令的影響，電子行業迅速朝著無鉛製程的方向邁進。印刷電路板廠必須選擇有價格競爭力，同時可保證產品之信賴性達到市場要求之表面處理技術。由TQRDCE各項指標比較後導入有機可焊性保護劑之電路板表面處理技術對於印刷電路板產業界而言是良性的。有機可焊性保護劑膜厚的控制是OSP生產製程中最重要的一環，其中影嚮要因為四：pH值的控制、酸價的控制、藥液濃度的控制及銅面微蝕深度的控制。在本論文中，針對此四項控制要因利用類神經網路與實驗設計法結合並設計一系列之分析與測試而得到OSP膜厚生長之最佳化參數。使得有機可焊性保護劑膜厚生產之製程能力提昇，並建構出OSP膜厚生產最佳化模型。 The electronics industries must to introduce the lead-free process which affected by RoHS direct. Base on TQRDCE index compare results, the factory of printed circuit board(PCB) of surface finish e processing technology. introduce OSP process which can conform cost down and get good reliability results The most important part in OSP process is the control of OSP .thickness There are four parameter to influence of the control process which are pH value, the degree of acidity, the consistency of medication and the etching roughness . In this paper, it aimed at how to set and control the four following causes which using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Design Of Experiments (DOE) to find the best control conditions .As the result shown in the experiment which can promote the Performance Index(Cpk) of OSP thickness process and get the best control model of OSP process . 中文摘要. ...i 英文摘要 ..ii 誌謝 ..iii 目錄 ..iv 表目錄 ...viii 圖目錄 ...x 第一章：緒論 ..1 第二章無鉛製程簡介 ..2 2.1 前言 ..2 2.2 各國相關無鉛法令 ..3 2.2.1 歐盟 ..3 2.2.2 日本 ..3 2.2.3 美國 ..4 2.2.4 中國 ..4 2.3 電子產品中鉛的使用及其替代物 ..5 2.4 PCB基板表面處理的選擇 ..6 2.4.1 OSP板 ..9 2.4.2 化銀板 ..9 2.4.3 化金板 10 2.4.4 噴錫板 10 2.5 OSP簡介 12 2.6 OSP優點 14 2.7 OSP缺點 15 2.8 OSP皮膜形成的機制 16 2.9鍍(化)金部分的變色 18 2.9.1鍍(化)金部分變色的原因 18 2.9.2 鍍(化)金部分變色的對策 19 第三章有機可焊性保護膜膜厚量測 20 3.1 OSP膜厚重要性簡介 20 3.2 用UV分光光度計檢測OSP厚度 21 3.3 用能譜儀(EDS)配合電鏡方法檢測OSP厚度 21 3.4 利用OSPrey800進行OSP厚度測試 21 第四章有機可焊性保護膜生產工程 22 4.1塗佈工程 22 4.1.1 表面油脂去除 22 4.1.2 微蝕 22 4.1.3 水洗 23 4.1.4 去除水分 23 4.1.5 預浸劑# 177液的處理 23 4.1.6 抗氧化劑WPF-207處理 24 4.1.6.1 加溫槽 25 4.1.6.2 處理槽 25 4.1.7 乾燥 26 4.1.8 排氣 26 4.2 OSP皮膜管理 27 4.2.1預浸劑 # 177稀釋的管理 27 4.2.2 WPF-207的管理 29 4.3 WPF-207銅離子去除方法 32 4.3.1目的 32 4.3.2銅離子去除方法 33 4.4槽液的換新 35 4.4.1 預浸劑 # 177的換新 35 4.4.2 抗氧化劑WPF-207液的換新 36 4.5廢液處理 36 4.5.1 預浸劑# 177液的廢液處理 36 4.5.2 抗氧化劑WPF-207液的廢液處理 36 第五章不同廠牌OSP藥水耐熱性及焊錫性評估 37 5.1.目的 37 5.2.實驗計劃 37 5.2.1材料 37 5.2.2流程 37 5.2.3物性檢驗項目與方法 38 5.3.信賴性測試結果 39 5.3.1 不同藥水經過 IR reflow 2~6次對抗氧化層之影響 39 5.3.2 針對不同廠家藥水經過 IR reflow 2~6次對焊錫性之影響 40 5.3.3不同藥水經過 IR reflow 2~6次對沾錫能力之影響影響 41 5.3.4老化測試 42 5.4 測試後結果比較 43 第六章有機可焊性保護膜膜厚最佳化 44 6.1 目的 44 6.2 類神經網路（Artificial Neural Network） 45 6.2.1感知器 46 6.3 實驗設計法（Design Of Experiments） 47 6.4製程能力(Process Capability Index） 47 6.4.1綜合製程能力指數Cpk (Performance Index) 47 6.4.2製程精密度Cp(Capability of Precision) 47 6.4.3製程準確度Ca或ｋ(Capability of Accuracy) 48 6.5 OSP膜厚生成參數選定說明 49 6.5.1 預浸槽與抗氧化槽的pH值 49 6.5.2 抗氧化槽酸價的控制 49 6.5.3 預浸槽與抗氧化槽濃度的控制 49 6.5.4 銅面微蝕深度的控制 49 6.6 OSP膜厚生長model 50 6.6.1 OSP膜厚現狀製程能力分析 50 6.7 OSP膜厚生長model實驗設計 54 6.8 OSP膜厚生長model實驗結果 59 第七章結論 60 參考文獻 61 作者簡介.......................................................................................................65 [1] 昝世蓉，「環保型電子產品的材料趨勢」，工安環保報導，第22期，2004，第 28-36頁。 [2] Mei, Z., Gallery , P., Fisher, D., Hua , F., and Glazer, J., Interfacial fracture mechanism of BGA packages on Electroless Ni / Au; Advances in Electronic Packaging, Proc InterPack''97, Vol. 2, 1997, P 1543-1550. 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Montgomery，黎正譯，實驗設計與分析，高立，台北 (1998)。 [25] 房克成、林清風，管制圖與製程管制，中華民國品質學會，2003，第 254-287 頁。 U0006-0202200903505400 謝玉茹　 Yu-Ju Hsieh 從設計典範啟發新產品發展概念之研究 A Study of Inspiring New Product Development Concept through Icons of Design 陳文印碩士國立台北科技大學創新設計研究所 95588501 97 98 中文 171 設計典範宏觀因果關係法概念發展 Icons of Design Macro-causal analysis Concept develop 臺灣企業大多無法如國際領導型企業投入大量的開發資源，然而由領導型企業所開發的典範型產品，蘊含著許多奧秘，可供企業深入探究並加以運用，本研究即是以參考典範型產品建立出一種新設計思維，提供於業者進行開發產品。本研究旨在從設計典範的特質建構篩選設計典範的機制，協助各業者可自行篩選出典範產品；其次，建立可依循的設計典範啟發概念的發想架構，引導企業面對典範型產品時得以聚焦於重要項目，避免茫然不知或入寶山而空手回的情況。本研究採用問卷調查法與宏觀因果關係法；針對台北地區工業設計領域的設計師作為受測樣本，以問卷調查建立篩選設計典範驗證機制；另外以宏觀因果關係法分析設計典範形成的因果脈絡與影響性，將其結果作為啟發概念之架構。研究結果發現，透過篩選設計典範驗證機制，並依照各產品屬性予以調整各項目的權重比例，可有效篩選出設計典範型產品；而設計典範啟發概念架構，則被認同有助於擴展想法以及啟發出開發新產品的概念。 Most enterprises in Taiwan are unable to invest research and development resources in a large-scale as those international leading companies do. The paradigmatic products developed by these leading corporations, however, have profound meanings to some extent for enterprises to further explore and apply. In this research a new conceptual framework of design will be established to facilitate other enterprises to develop their own products by referring to the paradigmatic products. The purpose of this research is to construct a mechanism of design paradigm-selecting in terms of the features of design paradigms so that companies can select what they need for developing products. Subsequently, a conceptual framework inspired by and in accordance with the design paradigms will be organized to assist the firms in emphasizing on the critical items whilst studying the paradigmatic products. With regard to the methodology, the questionnaire survey and macro-causal analysis will be adopted in this research. The industrial designers in Greater Taipei will be the testing samples of the questionnaire survey. By using this method a mechanism of design paradigm-selecting will be created. In addition, the causality and effect formed be the design paradigm will be analyzed by the method of macro-causal analysis, and its results will be utilized as the inspiring conceptual framework. The outcomes of this research demonstrate that, through the mechanism of design paradigm-selecting as well as the weighted ratio according to the natures of various products, the outputs of design paradigm can be effectively selected. Furthermore, the inspiring conceptual network of design paradigm is perceived to be beneficial for strengthening and inspiring the ideas of developing new products. 中文摘要………………………………………………………………i 英文摘要………………………………………………………………ii 誌謝……………………………………………………………………iii 目錄……………………………………………………………………iv 表目錄………………………………………………………………viii 圖目錄……………………………………………………………………x 第一章緒論……………………………………………………………1 1.1 研究背景與動機……………………………………………………1 1.2 研究目的……………………………………………………………2 1.3 研究範圍……………………………………………………………3 1.4 研究問題與假設……………………………………………………3 1.4.1 研究問題界定 ……………………………………………………3 1.4.2 研究假設建立……………………………………………………4 1.5 研究流程……………………………………………………………4 第二章文獻探討………………………………………………………6 2.1設計典範之定義……………………………………………………6 2.1.1 何謂設計典範……………………………………………………6 2.1.2從符號學定義設計典範…………………………………………7 2.1.3設計典範中的象徵性產品語言…………………………………10 2.1.4符號與人性………………………………………………………14 2.1.5何謂典範…………………………………………………………16 2.1.6 典範形成的過程……………………………………………… 17 2.1.7社會學典範………………………………………………………19 2.1.8小結 ………………………………………………………………21 2.2設計典範形成的機制………………………………………………22 2.2.1設計典範的起源…………………………………………………22 2.2.2從宗教圖像到產品典範形成機制的轉換方式…………………23 2.2.3 小結…………………………………………………………… 26 2.3 設計典範於新產品發展概念的價值性 ………………………… 26 2.3.1設計典範於探測趨勢與未來之關係……………………………26 2.3.2 設計開發參考趨勢的意義…………………………………… 28 2.3.3 小結…………………………………………………………… 31 2.4新產品開發過程中概念啟發模式…………………………………31 2.4.1概念的定義…………………………………………………… 32 2.4.2概念於產品開發流程中的任務與目的…………………………33 2.4.3 小結…………………………………………………………… 35 2.5 歷史社會學……………………………………………………… 35 2.5.1歷史學與社會學的關係…………………………………………36 2.5.2歷史社會學之宏觀因果關係法的原則與方法…………………38 2.5.3 小結…………………………………………………………… 40 第三章研究設計與實施…………………………………………… 42 3.1 研究設計策略…………………………………………………… 42 3.2 第一階段資料收集……………………………………………… 45 3.3第二階設計師參考範本問卷實施…………………………………45 3.3.1建立問卷受測範本選取條件……………………………………45 3.3.2建立設計師參考範本模式問卷之調查問題項目………………49 3.3.3問卷設計…………………………………………………………49 3.3.4 問卷實施……………………………………………………… 52 3.3.5調查結果統計……………………………………………………53 3.4 第三階段設計典範驗證機制問卷……………………………… 56 3.4.1驗證機制評定項目建立…………………………………………56 3.4.2縮減評定設計典範項目數量……………………………………57 3.4.3問卷設計…………………………………………………………57 3.4.4問卷實施…………………………………………………………59 3.4.5調查結果統計……………………………………………………61 3.4.6建構問卷信度……………………………………………………62 3.5宏觀因果關係法史料分析…………………………………………62 3.5.1宏觀因果關係法研究範本篩選統計……………………………62 3.5.2宏觀因果關係法研究範本史料登錄……………………………64 3.5.3宏觀因果關係法相同因素與相異因素群組建立 ………………65 3.6專家訪談……………………………………………………………66 3.6.1訪問流程設計……………………………………………………66 3.6.2訪談內容分析整理………………………………………………67 第四章　研究結果與分析…………………………………………… 68 4.1設計師參考範本模式………………………………………………69 4.1.1如何挑選範本……………………………………………………69 4.1.2如何參考範本……………………………………………………70 4.1.3如何啟發靈感……………………………………………………71 4.1.4小結 ………………………………………………………………72 4.2代表性範本篩選結果………………………………………………73 4.3範本驗證……………………………………………………………76 4.4再測信度……………………………………………………………80 4.4.1再測信度認同表比對結果 ………………………………………80 4.4.2再測信度受測者認識程度 ………………………………………82 4.4.3範本代表性程度與設計典範的認同程度………………………83 4.4.4小結 ………………………………………………………………83 4.5 設計典範歷史資料分析………………………………………… 84 4.5.1相同因素群組分析………………………………………………84 4.5.2相異因素群組分析………………………………………………93 4.5.4小結 ………………………………………………………………95 4.6專家訪談內容分析歸納結果 ………………………………………98 4.6.1 設計典範篩選過程…………………………………………… 98 4.6.2 設計典範驗證機制……………………………………………100 4.6.3設計典範概念啟發架構圖 …………………………………… 100 第五章　研究發現與建議……………………………………………102 5.1研究發現………………………………………………………… 102 5.1.1設計師參考範本模式………………………………………… 102 5.1.2篩選設計典範驗證機制……………………………………… 103 5.1.4設計典範宏觀因果關係研究結果…………………………… 104 5-2後續研究建議…………………………………………………… 106 5-3研究限制………………………………………………………….107 參考文獻………………………………………………………………108 附錄A-設計師參考範本模式問卷調查………………………………113 附錄B-設計典範驗證機制問卷………………………………………120 附錄C-宏觀因果關係法－史料摘要…………………………………127 附錄D-設計典範啟發新產品發展概念之研究-專家訪談流程…….156 附錄E-專家訪談內容摘要……………………………………………160 參考文獻【書籍】王幸慧等譯（1997）。Kendrick, S.與Straw, P.與McCrone, D.著。解釋過去/了解現在：歷史社會學。台北：麥田。石計生（2006）。社會學理論:從古典到現代之後。台北。三民。至　學（1998）。人性與符號形式：卡西勒(人論)解讀。台北：台灣書店。何秀煌（1998）。語言與人性-記號人生論闡釋。台北：台灣書店。何秀煌（1999）。記號˙意識與典範 : 記號文化與記號人性。台北：東大。呂豪文（1995）。工業設計實務概念。台北：三采文化。宋同正、蔡登傳譯（1997）。Ulrich, Karl T. 與 Eppinget, Steven D.著。產品設計與開發。台北：華泰文化。李玉龍、張建成譯（1997）。Hodges, Felice著。新設計史。台北：六合。 李錫津（1987）。創造思考教學研究。台北：台灣。周春堤（2004）。未來學概論 : 原理、趨勢、方法及實例分析。宜蘭：佛光人文社會學院。官政能（1995）。產品物徑：設計創意之生成、發展與應用。台北：藝術家出版。林崇宏（2001）。設計概論-新設計理論與基礎的思考方法。台北：全華科技圖書。林隆儀譯（1984）。Rawlinson, J. 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U0006-0202200905072100 秦偉庭 Wei-Ting Chin 室內揮發性有機物質逸散衰減模式對櫥櫃類家具適用性及健康風險評估之研究 A study on Indoor VOCs Emitted Decay model Applicable from Cabinet Furniture and Health Assessment 邵文政 Wen-Cheng Shao 碩士國立台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所 95528039 97 98 中文 162 櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質甲醛健康綠建材標章室內空氣品質健康風險評估 Cabinet Furniture VOCs Formaldehyde Green Building Material standard Indoor Air Quality Risk Assesment 室內空氣品質會直接或間接對健康造成影響，室內的污染物質如「揮發性有機物質」（Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）及「甲醛」 (Formaldehyde)，長期由室內裝修材料、家具及化學製品等逸散，影響居住者生理健康，尤其是大量使用之「家具」裝修產品，更容易誘發化學性過敏與氣喘等疾病，本研究根據逸散理論及實驗量測(全尺寸環控艙測試法ASTM D6670-01) 選擇住家空間之木製櫥櫃類家具，進行全尺寸家具揮發性有機物質逸散衰減量測，檢測結果與國內外相關標章及室內空氣品質建議值比對，進而分析家具之逸散變化及健康危害程度，彙整櫥櫃類家具檢測數據，以建立櫥櫃類家具逸散衰減評定方法，並藉由逸散衰減模式推估室內空間之逸散濃度與速率，透過健康風險評估方式，探討室內櫥櫃類家具產生之空氣污染物危害度(HI)及致癌風險推估，作為未來設計者、施工者及使用者之應用參考依據。本研究可歸納以下結論：一、櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質之逸散變化根據4組櫥櫃類家具之歷時性逸散發現，在TVOC逸散濃度變化上，使用認證健康綠建材組成之衣櫃與書櫃呈現低濃度逸散。與使用傳統建材之家具比對，逸散濃度則相差了3.8倍與42.5倍。使用TVOC(BTEX)與TVOC(As-Toluene)兩種濃度計算方式比對結果發現，使用認證健康建材組成之衣櫃與書櫃其平均RSD分別為110.19％與114.74％。使用傳統建材組成之衣櫃與書櫃其平均RSD分別為90.50％與37.69％，顯示家具評定基準以目前國內健康綠建材評定之BTEX物質加總會造成TVOC濃度低估的問題。其反映出未來在檢測全尺寸家具時，應制定不同的評估方式加以對應，以符合國際家具評定基準之要求。二、櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質檢測數值與國內外標章比對 4組櫥櫃類家具檢測數值與國內外家具標章進行比對，發現TVOC逸散濃度皆能符合美國「ANSI/BIFMA及GreenGuard」之基準，但甲醛逸散濃度皆超過「ANSI/BIFMA及GreenGuard」可接受之健康值甚多，尤其是「傳統衣櫃」、「傳統書櫃」超過基準值達2倍以上。 TVOC逸散因子比對中，「傳統衣櫃」、「傳統書櫃」超過國內「健康綠建材」之基準，在甲醛逸散因子比對中「傳統衣櫃」、「傳統書櫃」皆超過「健康綠建材標章」之基準值達0.8倍以上，若此兩組家具提供給室內空間使用，則長期造成使用者之健康危害。比對結果顯示使用美國「ANSI/BIFMA及GreenGuard」之評估方法對家具產品可提供更嚴格的管控。三、材料組成與櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質逸散衰減模式之相關性 TVOC逸散衰滅模式分析中僅使用傳統建材組成之傳統書櫃逸散因子迴歸結果（R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.807）(R2 power law-decay model = 0.918）具有顯著之敘述能力。單一VOCs部分僅傳統書櫃中Toluene逸散因子迴歸值（R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.826）(R2 power law-decay model = 0.954）具有更顯著之敘述能力。研判櫥櫃材料組成為主要影響揮發性有機物質逸散行為之原因，使用認證之健康綠建材組成之櫥櫃類家具，其材料製作過程經由特殊處理過，其逸散之化合物迴歸結果皆較無顯著之敘述能力，僅傳統建材組成之櫥櫃，其TVOC與單一VOCs（Toluene）迴歸結果具有顯著之敘述能力。四、櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質之危害評估根據健康風險評估結果，各個化合物(BTEX)平均暴露值未超過危害標準(HI = 0.0002＜1 )，甲醛則是皆超過致癌風險（RISK = 9.901×10-5~6.536×10-4＞1×10-6），尤其使用傳統建材之衣櫃與書櫃中甲醛的致癌風值最高（6.536×10-4），屬於對人體具有高危害性之家具，建議未來設計於室內裝修工程應考慮櫥櫃類家具之裝修面積與組成材料，進而確保居住者之健康。 Indoor air quality will affect our health both directly and indirectly. Pollutants such as, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) and Formaldehyde emission from interior decoration material,furniture and chemical affect the residents’ health in a long run. Especially when using large amount of furniture product to decorate can easily cause some illnesses like, allergy and asthma. This analyse is based on household cabinet furniture made from wood and using Full-Scale Chamber by ASTM D6670-01 as the measurment of the experiment, proceed on measuring the increasing and decreasing of full scale furniture emission organic substance. The result will be compared with relevant overseas standard criteria and indoor air quality recommendation, then to analysis the variation of the furniture and its health and risk level. Altogether, from the cabinet furniture statistics, will be able to build emission recession method. Also, from the emission recession concept to speculate the speed of air emission and concentration. Through the health harmful evaluation, to probe into the air pollutant harm level produced from the indoor cabinet furniture. Giving the designer, constructioner and user their further reference. This analyse can concluded the followings: 1.Emission variation of vaporize organic substance of canbinet furniture Based on four set of cabinet furniture emission, I discovered the concentration varivation of TVOC. The result showed a low emission concentration of wardrobe and cabinet using certified healthy green building material. In comparison of the traditional building material, it is differ from 3.8 and 42.5 times the emission concentration. Calculate the concentration of TVOC(BTEX) and TVOC(As-Toluene), I discovered that the wardrobe and cabinet that used the certified healthy green building material had 110.19% and 114.74% of average RSD. The wardrobe and cabinet that used the traditional building material had 90.50% and 37.69% of average RSD. The furniture evaluation standard of BTEX substance for the healthy green building material within the country will cause a low TVOC concentration problem. This shows that when checking on the full scale furniture in the future, will need another evaluation method in order to conform with the demand of international standard evaluation. 2. Comparision within country and overseas of vaporize organic substance for cabinet furniture standard Compared the standard furniture statistics within the country and overseas of four sets of cabinet, I discovered that the TVOC emission concentration conformed the standard “ANSI/BIFMA and GreenGuard” of the United States. But, formaldehyde emission concentration exceeded “ANSI/BIFMA and GreenGuard” accepting zone of health. Especially traditional wardrobe and cabinet, both exceed twice times and above the standard. Compared with the TVOC emission factor, it conformed the healthy green building material standard within the country. Compared with the formaldehyde emission factor, traditional wardrobe and cabinet both exceeded the healthy green building material standard, which is way above the accepting health rate at 0.8 times the standard. If these two sets of furniture is available for indoor usage, it will cause user health risk in a long run. Compared with the formaldehyde emission factor, there are two sets of cabinet which conformed the standard, European style wardrobe and ready-to-assemble furniture. The result showed using United States’ “ANSI/BIFMA and GreenGuard” evaluate method provided more severe quality control. 3. Address suitable emission recession method of vaporize organic substance for cabinet furniture In the analysis of TVOC emitted decline model, ready-to-assemble traditional cabinet emission factor multiple regression(R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.807）(R2 power law-decay model = 0.918） was used and had showed a significant statement. In a part of VOC traditional cabinet, Toluene emission factor multiple regression（R2 1st-order-decay model = 0.826）(R2 power law-decay model = 0.954）has a significant statement. The research has come to a decision that material for cabinet was the reason that affected the VOC emitted action. Certified healthy green building material Eurpoean style cabinet and ready-to-assemble bookcase were used with distinctive handle of the material had not show a significant statement for its emitted vocs multiple regression result. Whereas, cabinet using traditional building material, it’s TVOC and VOCs(Toluene) multiple regression result had show a significant statement. 4.Harzard evaluation of vaporize organic substance for cabinet furniture According to the health hazards evaluate result, the average TVOC(BTEX) exposure was below the hazard standard (HI =0.0002＜1 ). Formaldehyde was above the risk of causing cancer（RISK = 9.901×10-5~6.536×10-4＞1×10-6）,especially using traditional building material wardrobe and bookcase, the risk is the highest（6.536×10-4）. These furniture is at high risk for human. It is recommended to consider cabinet with decorate area and ready-to-assemble material to ensure health for the resident. 目錄中　文　摘　要 I ABSTRACT III 誌謝 VII 目錄 IX 表目錄 XI 圖目錄 XIII 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.1.1研究動機 1 1.1.2研究目的 2 1.2 研究範圍與流程 3 1.2.1研究範圍 3 1.2.2研究流程 4 1.3 研究方法與內容 5 1.3.1研究內容 5 1.3.2研究方法 6 第二章室內揮發性有機物質逸散衰減相關理論及文獻探討 7 2.1室內污染物對人體健康之影響 7 2.1.1揮發性有機物質定義 7 2.1.2揮發性有機物質對人體健康之影響 8 2.2室內揮發性有機物質逸散衰減模式相關理論及文獻 10 2.2.1質量平衡模型 10 　2.2.2相關逸散分析理論探討 13 2.3國內外相關家具標章逸散管制基準及試驗方法 14 　2.3.1國外相關家具標章 14 　2.3.2國內相關家具標準 16 　2.3.3國外家具標章逸散試驗方法 17 　2.3.4國內相關家具測試方法 22 2.4國內櫥櫃類家具製作及市場現況調查 26 　2.4.1國內家具類產品市場概況 26 　2.4.2國內櫥櫃類家具產品製作程序 34 　2.4.3國內櫥櫃類家具市場調查 36 第三章櫥櫃類家具揮發性有機物質實驗方法 39 3.1 櫥櫃類家具抽樣及實驗設計 39 　3.1.1測試櫥櫃類家具選定 39 　3.1.2實驗設計 40 　3.1.3實驗測試系統與方法說明 41 3.2 實驗品保與品管 44 　3.2.1揮發性有機物質之檢量線 44 　3.2.2甲醛之檢量線 46 　3.2.3環控艙溫、濕度及換氣率控制穩定度 47 3.3 實驗分析與流程 49 3.4 實驗數據分析方法 53 第四章櫥櫃類家具逸散試驗結果與討論 56 4.1櫥櫃類家具逸散揮發性有機物質試驗結果 56 　4.1.1 TVOC(BTEX)檢測結果 56 　4.1.2 TVOC(As-Toluene)檢測結果 63 4.2櫥櫃類家具甲醛試驗結果 72 4.3探討逸散試驗結果與不同評定基準之差異 77 4.4小結 80 第五章逸散經驗模式建立及健康風險推估 81 5.1櫥櫃類家具逸散衰減模式之分析 81 　5.1.1 TVOC逸散衰減模式分析結果 81 　5.1.2 HCHO逸散衰減模式分析結果 84 5.2室內污染物逸散衰減模式之適用性 88 5.3櫥櫃類家具風險評估 91 5.4小結 95 第六章研究結論與建議 96 6.1研究結論 96 6.2後續研究與建議 98 參考文獻 99 附錄 102 附錄A　原始數據彙整 102 附錄B　迴歸分析結果彙整 116 附錄C　測試家具MS定性結果彙整 142 一、外文部分 [1] Matthews, T.G., Wilson D.L., Thompson, A.J., Mason, M.A., Bailey, S.N., and Nelms, L.H., terlaboratory Comparison of Formaldehyde Emission from Particle Board Underlayment in Small Scale Environment Chambers, Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 37, p1320, (1987) [2] C C Lee. 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However, there is no faultless method can be supported collaborative learning when using e-learning platforms. Collaborative learning refers to an environment in which learners engage in a common task in which each individual depends on and is accountable to each other. Groups of students work together in searching for understanding, meaning or solutions or in creating an artifact of their learning such as a product. Due to the coming of the era of Web 2.0, we can develop a wiki-based system as a collaborative learning platform. Wiki page is designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content, so it is suitable for collaborative writing. In this thesis, we propose a new strategy, meta-writing, for wiki-based collaborative writing system. Students make not only their own contributions but also the information for these contributions, it makes students reach the target of collaborative learning. Furthermore, the teacher recognizes more about the contribution which each individual makes of a group. Finally, through the adjustment of parameters on the wiki-based collaborative learning platform, the teacher can shorten the time for scoring each individual student. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 1 1.3 研究方法 2 1.4 論文架構 2 第二章相關背景 3 2.1 遠距教學 3 2.2 Wiki 3 2.3 協同學習模式與評分機制 3 2.4 經驗學習 4 2.5 Wiki系統應用於線上協同創作 5 2.6 改善Wiki協同創作系統的機制 6 第三章 Wiki協同學習之詮釋寫作與評量機制 8 3.1 同儕互評機制 9 3.2 自我評量機制 9 第四章研究方法 10 4.1 分組實驗 10 4.2 協同創作流程 10 4.3 系統功能介紹 11 4.3.1 首頁 11 4.3.2 操作流程 11 4.3.3 分組頁面 11 4.3.3.1 創作頁面 11 4.3.3.2 歷史版本頁面 12 4.3.4 編輯頁面 13 4.3.4.1 同儕互評 13 4.3.4.2 編輯頁面 15 4.3.5 教師評分頁面 16 第五章實驗流程與結果分析 18 5.1 實驗設備 18 5.2 實驗流程 18 5.3 實驗對象 18 5.4 實驗題目 19 5.5 問卷設計 19 5.6 問卷結果與分析 19 5.6.1 受訪者基本資料分析 20 5.6.2 學習平台使用心得分析 21 5.6.3 個人學習成效分析 23 5.6.4 其他使用心得分析 26 5.7 傳統分組創作問卷分析 29 5.8 學生創作成績分析 29 5.8.1 教師瀏覽歷程 29 5.8.2 實驗組學生原始成績 30 5.8.3 實驗組學生調整後成績 30 5.8.4 對照組學生成績 32 5.9 以教師的角度觀察結果分析 33 第六章結論與未來方向 35 6.1 結論 35 6.2 未來方向 35 參考文獻 37 附錄 A 實驗說明書 39 B 受測同意書 40 C 問卷調查表 41 D 實驗組學生作品（最終版本） 44 E 對照組學生作品（最終版本） 48 F 實驗組學生原始成績 51 [1] Wiki on WIKIPEDIA, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki [2] Thomas F. Stafford, "Understanding Motivations for Internet Use in Distance Education," IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 48, issue 2, 2005, pp. 301-306. [3] Xavier de Pedro Puente, "New Method Using Wikis and Forums to Evaluate Individual Contributions in Cooperative Work while Promoting Experiential Learning: Results from Preliminary Experience," Proceedings of the international symposium on Wikis, 2007, pp. 87-92. [4] WIKIPEDIA, http://en.wikipedia.org [5] Dawn E. Wilkins and Pamela B. Lawhead, "Evaluating Individuals in Team Projects," ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 32, Issue 1, 2000, pp. 172-175. [6] Harold H. Smith, III and Debra L. Smarkusky, "Competency Matrices for Peer Assessment of Individuals in Team Projects," Proceedings of the 6th conference on Information technology education, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 2005, pp.155-162. [7] Saeko Matsuura, "An Evaluation Method of Project Based Learning on Software Development Experiment," ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 38, Issue 1, 2006, pp.163-167. [8] Noel LeJeune, "Assessment of Individual on CS Group Project," Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, Volume 22, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 231-237. [9] David Kolb, Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development, Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1984. [10] 洪明洲，網路教學，台北：華彩軟體，1999，第4-15頁。 [11] 林信源，維基協同創作系統於教學上之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學電機工程系碩士班，台北，2007。 [12] 陳謙民，林敏勝，林信源，吳幼貞，「維基協同創作系統於教學上之研究」，中華民國課程與教學學會第十七屆課程與教學論壇，高雄，2007，第183-203頁。 [13] Yuri Tijerino, Hirohisa Masaki and Nobuko Igaki, "AcadeMix Juice - a Hybrid Web 2.0/Semantic Web Platform for Exchange of Academic Knowledge," Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/WIC/IEEE International Workshop on Web-Based Support Systems, Hong Kong, China, 2006, pp. 212-215. [14] Martin Ebner, "E-Learning 2.0 = e-Learning 1.0 + Web 2.0?," Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Washington, DC, USA, 2007, pp. 1235-1239. [15] 周慶華，從通識教育到語文教育，台北：秀威資訊，2008，第107-108頁。 [16] The Giki Wiki, http://giki.sourceforge.net/ [17] Power Law, http://www.isoc.org/inet2000/cdproceedings/2a/2a_2.htm U0006-0202200910345700 陳星宇 Xing-Yu Chen 壓電智能骨材於結構損傷評估之應用 Application of Piezoceramic-Based Smart Aggregates to Health Monitoring of Structures 廖文義 Wen-I Liao 碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428015 97 98 中文 105 健康診斷智能骨材早期強度評估混凝土壓電陶瓷 structural health monitoring smart aggregate 本論文之主要研究方向為運用壓電材料進行混凝土早期強度評估及結構健康診斷，研究所使用之智能骨材為以壓電材陶瓷料所製成，利用基本波動力學及智能材料可發射應力波，亦可接收應力波的特性，進行混凝土結構早期強評估與健康診斷之研究，結構健康診斷為將智能骨材埋入RC結構內，當試體受到破壞時，由智能材料發射應力波及由不同位置的智能骨材擷取應力波，利用應力波振幅隨著結構破壞程度、裂縫增加而減少特性，可知結構損壞程度，再利用數值分析得到損壞指標，在早期強度評估方面為利用訊號振幅隨著抗壓強度增強而減少之特性，藉由不同天數之抗壓強度及定時測量智能骨材的訊號振幅，知振幅會隨抗壓強度上升而減弱，故可知抗壓強度及訊號振幅之間的關係。 Recent years, piezoelectric materials have been successfully applied to the early-age strength monitoring and damage detection of concrete structures due to their advantages of active sensing, low cost, quick response, availability in different shapes, and simplicity for implementation. The adopted smart aggregate of this research is fabricated by embedding a water-proof coated piezoceramic patch into a small concrete block. The major purposes of this research are (1) Development of the technique for early-age strength monitoring of concrete (2) Health monitoring of concrete structures under static load and seismic load. The early-age strength monitoring of concrete is performed by monitoring the harmonic response amplitude of smart aggregates. Experimental results show that the predicted concrete strength matches the experimental results obtained in the compressive test. Tests of health monitoring are the simple bending test of concrete beams, RC columns subjected to reversed cyclic loading, shake table test of a RC column. By analyzing the wave response, the existence of crack can be detected and the severity can be estimated. A damage index is developed to evaluate the damage status of the structures. The experimental results demonstrate the sensitiveness and the effectiveness of the proposed piezoceramic-based approach in the structural health monitoring of the concrete structure under static and earthquake loading. The multi-purpose smart aggregate has the potential to be implemented to the comprehensive performance evaluation of concrete civil structures. 目錄摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 viii 圖目錄 x 第一章緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2研究動機與目標 1 1.3文獻回顧 2 1.4研究內容 3 第二章壓電材料基本理論 4 2.1智能骨材簡介 4 2.1.1 壓電材料簡介 4 2.1.2壓電效應 5 2.2智能骨材 5 2.3實驗儀器簡介 6 第三章混凝土早期強度評估 12 3.1前言 12 3.2基本原理 12 3.3試體製作與試體過程 13 3.3.1第一批試體 13 3.3.2第一批實驗 14 3.3.3第二批試體 15 3.3.4第二批實驗 15 3.4試驗結果 16 3.4.1訊號處理 16 3.4.2訊號衰減特性與混凝土強度(第一批) 17 3.4.2.1訊號衰減特性 17 3.4.2.2混凝土強度 18 3.4.3訊號衰減特性與混凝土強度(第二批)： 18 3.5小結 19 第四章 RC梁之健康診斷 44 4.1前言 44 4.2基本原理 44 4.3試驗試體與儀器 44 4.3.1試體編號 44 4.3.2試驗儀器 44 4.4試驗過程與結果 45 4.4.1加載方式 45 4.4.2發射訊號種類 45 4.4.3訊號量測步驟 46 4.4.4裂縫發展量測 46 4.4.5試驗資料處理 46 4.5小結 49 第五章 RC柱之健康診斷 67 5.1前言 67 5.2試體描述 67 5.2.1反力牆試驗之結構試體 67 5.2.2震動台試驗之結構試體 67 5.3試驗過程與結果分析 68 5.3.1反力牆試驗 68 5.3.1.1試驗之步驟 68 5.3.1.2訊號處理與損壞指標 69 5.3.1.3 FC之試體分析 69 5.3.1.4 FL之試體分析 70 5.3.2 震動台試驗過程 71 5.3.2.1試驗之步驟 71 5.3.2.2訊號處理 71 5.3.2.3試驗分析 72 5.4小結 72 第六章結論 101 6.1實驗結果 101 6.2研究貢獻 102 6.3實務應用 102 6.4未來研究方法 103 參考文獻 104 表目錄表3.1 試驗試體編號 21 表3.2 第一批試體智能骨材之電容值 21 表3.3 第二批試體智能骨材之電容值 21 表3.4 梁A壓電訊號積分值歷時 22 表3.5 梁A壓電訊號振幅歷時 22 表3.6 梁A壓電訊號積分值歷時 23 表3.7 梁A壓電訊號振幅歷時 23 表3.8 梁B壓電訊號積分值歷時 23 表3.9 梁B壓電訊號振幅歷時 24 表3.10 梁B壓電訊號積分值歷時 24 表3.11 梁B壓電訊號振幅歷時 25 表3.12 第一批抗壓強度歷時 25 表3.13 梁C壓電訊號積分值歷時 26 表3.14 梁C壓電訊號振幅歷時 26 表3.15 梁C壓電訊號積分值歷時 27 表3.16 梁C壓電訊號振幅歷時 27 表3.17 梁D壓電訊號積分值歷時圖 28 表3.18 梁D壓電訊號振幅歷時 28 表3.19 第二批抗壓強度歷時 29 表4.1 試體編號50 表4.2 萬能試驗機之實驗步驟(梁Ⅰ) 50 表4.3 萬能試驗機之實驗步驟(梁Ⅰ) 50 表4.4 萬能試驗機之實驗步驟(梁Ⅱ) 50 表4.5 萬能試驗機之實驗步驟(梁Ⅱ) 50 表4.6 梁Ⅰ裂縫深度與實驗步驟 51 表4.7 梁Ⅰ裂縫寬度與實驗步驟 51 表4.8 梁Ⅱ裂縫深度與實驗步驟 51 表4.9 梁Ⅱ裂縫寬度與實驗步驟 51 表4.10 梁Ⅰ在未濾波之損壞指標與實驗步驟 52 表4.11 梁Ⅰ在濾波後之損壞指標與實驗步驟 52 表4.12 梁Ⅱ在未濾波之損壞指標與實驗步驟 52 表4.13 梁Ⅱ在濾波後之損壞指標與實驗步驟 52 表5.1 反力牆試驗最大位移之損壞指標值(FC試體) 73 表5.2 反力牆試驗最大位移之損壞指標值(FC試體) 73 表5.3 反力牆試驗最大位移之損壞指標值(FC試體) 73 表5.4 反力牆試驗無變位之損壞指標值(FC試體) 74 表5.5 反力牆試驗無變位之損壞指標值(FC試體) 74 表5.6 反力牆試驗無變位之損壞指標值(FC試體) 74 表5.7 反力牆試驗最大位移之損壞指標值(FL試體) 75 表5.8 反力牆試驗最大位移之損壞指標值(FL試體) 75 表5.9 反力牆試驗最大位移之損壞指標值(FL試體) 75 表5.10 反力牆試驗無變位之損壞指標值(FL試體) 76 表5.11 反力牆試驗無變位之損壞指標值(FL試體) 76 表5.12 反力牆試驗無變位之損壞指標值(FL試體) 76 表5.13 震動台試驗之損壞指標 76 圖目錄圖2.1 壓電效應示意圖 7 圖2.2 壓電材料產生應力波的過程 7 圖2.3 訊號振幅因裂縫而減小示意圖 8 圖2.4 壓電片的正負兩極銲在不同的導線 8 圖2.5 壓電片表面噴上防水漆 9 圖2.6 完成之智能骨材 9 圖2.7 智能骨材構架 10 圖2.8 RC結構之智能骨材檢測系統 10 圖2.9 於損壞RC結構之智能骨材檢測示意圖 11 圖3.1 方形壓電材料埋入梁A試體30 圖3.2 圓形壓電材料埋入梁B試體 30 圖3.3 梁C試體設計圖 31 圖3.4 梁D試體設計圖 31 圖3.5 梁試體與圓柱混凝土試體 32 圖3.6 智能骨材固定至鐵架 32 圖3.7 實際試體 33 圖3.8 梁試體成品 33 圖3.9 儀器與實驗現場 34 圖3.10 早期強度評估流程圖 35 圖3.11 第一批試體試驗流程圖 35 圖3.12 第二批試體試驗流程圖 36 圖3.13 梁A之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 37 圖3.14 梁A之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 37 圖3.15 梁A之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 38 圖3.16 梁A之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 38 圖3.17 梁B之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 39 圖3.18 梁B之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 39 圖3.19 梁B之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 40 圖3.20 梁B之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 40 圖3.21 梁C之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 41 圖3.22 梁C之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 41 圖3.23 梁C之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 42 圖3.24 梁C之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 42 圖3.25 梁D之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 43 圖3.26 梁D之壓電訊號與混凝土強度歷時圖 43 圖4.1 梁試體在萬能試驗機的擺設53 圖4.2 實驗照片 54 圖4.3 梁Ⅰ之試驗之實驗步驟圖 55 圖4.4 梁Ⅰ之試驗之實驗步驟圖 55 圖4.5 梁Ⅱ之試驗之實驗步驟圖 56 圖4.6 梁Ⅱ之試驗之實驗步驟圖 56 圖4.7 梁Ⅰ裂縫實驗步驟圖 57 圖4.8 梁Ⅰ裂縫實驗步驟圖 57 圖4.9 梁Ⅱ裂縫實驗步驟圖 58 圖4.10 梁Ⅱ裂縫實驗步驟圖 58 圖4.11 梁Ⅰ之100Hz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 59 圖4.12 梁Ⅰ之1kHz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 59 圖4.13 梁Ⅰ之5kHz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 60 圖4.14 梁Ⅰ之500Hz~5kHz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 60 圖4.15 梁Ⅱ之100Hz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 61 圖4.16 梁Ⅱ之1kHz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 61 圖4.17 梁Ⅱ之5kHz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 62 圖4.18 梁Ⅱ之500Hz~5kHz在每階段試驗量測訊號歷時圖 62 圖4.19 梁Ⅰ之損壞指標與實驗步驟關係圖 63 圖4.20 梁Ⅰ之損壞指標與實驗步驟關係圖 63 圖4.21 梁Ⅰ之損壞指標矩陣圖 64 圖4.22 梁Ⅱ之損壞指標與實驗步驟關係圖 64 圖4.23 梁Ⅱ之損壞指標與實驗步驟關係圖 65 圖4.24 梁Ⅱ之損壞指標矩陣圖 65 圖4.25 梁Ⅰ受彎矩破壞的情況 66 圖4.26 梁Ⅱ受彎矩破壞的情況 66 圖5.1 FC與FL試體之設計圖77 圖5.2 反力牆試驗之現場 77 圖5.3 反力牆試驗之配置圖 78 圖5.4 FC智能骨材擺設位置與編號圖 78 圖5.5 FL智能骨材擺設位置與編號圖 79 圖5.6 震動台單柱試體之智能骨材位置圖 79 圖5.7 震動台之現場 80 圖5.8 震動台試驗配置圖(正面) 80 圖5.9 震動台試驗配置圖(側面) 81 圖5.10 原始的壓電訊號歷時圖 81 圖5.11 訊號平移至時間軸後歷時圖 82 圖5.12 經過濾波後之訊號歷時圖 82 圖5.13 FC柱試體之SA13在每階段最大位移下之壓電訊號 83 圖5.14 FC柱試體之SA37在每階段最大位移下之壓電訊號 83 圖5.15 FC柱試體之SA13在每階段無變位下之壓電訊號 84 圖5.16 FC柱試體之SA37在每階段無變位下之壓電訊號 84 圖5.17 FC柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(1秒~2秒)建立之損壞指標 85 圖5.18 FC柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(9秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 85 圖5.19 FC柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(0秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 86 圖5.20 FC柱在最大位移歷時0秒~10秒損壞指標矩陣圖 86 圖5.21 FC柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(1秒~2秒)建立之損壞指標 87 圖5.22 FC柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(9秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 87 圖5.23 FC柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(0秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 88 圖5.24 FC柱在無受載重歷時0秒~10秒之損壞指標矩陣圖 88 圖5.25 FC試體在5%時的破壞情況 89 圖5.26 FC實際損壞示意圖 89 圖5.27 FL柱試體之SA4在每階段最大位移下之壓電訊號 90 圖5.28 FL柱試體之SA51在每階段最大位移下之壓電訊號 90 圖5.29 FL柱試體之SA4在每階段無變位之壓電訊號 91 圖5.30 FL柱試體之SA51在每階段無變位下之壓電訊號 91 圖5.31 FL柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(1秒~2秒)建立之損壞指標 92 圖5.32 FL柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(9秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 92 圖5.33 FL柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(0秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 93 圖5.34 FL柱在最大位移歷時0秒~10秒之損壞指標矩陣圖 93 圖5.35 FL柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(1秒~2秒)建立之損壞指標 94 圖5.36 FL柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(9秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 94 圖5.37 FL柱在不同變位角下，由訊號(0秒~10秒)建立之損壞指標 95 圖5.38 FL柱在未受載重歷時0秒~10秒之損壞指標矩陣圖 95 圖5.39 FC試體在5%時的破壞情況 96 圖5.40 FL實驗損壞示意圖 96 圖5.41 震動台試驗SAN4在階段試驗後之訊號 97 圖5.42 震動台試驗SAN8在階段試驗後之訊號 97 圖5.43 震動台試驗SA33在階段試驗後之訊號 98 圖5.44 震動台試驗SA3在階段試驗後之訊號 98 圖5.45 震動台試驗各智能骨材在每階段之損壞指標 99 圖5.46 震動台試驗各智能骨材在每階段之損壞指標矩陣圖 99 圖5.47 震動台試體於600gal下之裂縫情況 100 圖5.48 震動台試體於900gal下之損壞情況 100 參考文獻 [1] D. 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Tseng, S. Bhalla and A. Gupta, “Performance of smart piezoceramic patches in health monitoring of a RC bridge”, Smart materials and structures, vol.9, 2000, pp.533–542. [8] K. K. Tseng and L. Wang, “Smart piezoelectric transducers for in situ health monitoring of concrete”, Smart materials and structures ,vol.13, 2006, pp.1017–1024. [9] 池田拓郎著，陳世春譯著，基本電壓材料學，復漢，民74 [10] George Lindfield‧Dr.John Penny著，黃俊銘編譯，數值方法-使用Matlab程式語言，全華, 2004 [11] William J. Palm III著,李宜達麥焜燦譯著， Matlab在工程上的應用，全華，2004 U0006-0202200910453400 呂庭輝 Ting-Hui Lu 有機發光二極體之有機與金屬界面動態特性模型進階擬合研究 The Study of Dynamical Characteristics of Organic/Metal Interface in Organic Light Emitting Diode–Advanced Data Fitting 楊恆隆 Heng-Long Yang 碩士國立台北科技大學光電工程系研究所 95658019 97 98 中文 77 有機發光二極體有機金屬界面表面電漿共振簡形數值擬合法 OLED organic/metal interface surface plasmon resonance simplex data fitting method 利用P極化光反射光譜來量測有機發光元件之有機與金屬界面動態特性，當入射光滿足特定條件時，會在有機金屬界面產生表面電漿(Surface Plasmon Resonance, SPR)，即為表面電漿共振之光散射技術，由於此方法靈敏度極高，可偵測出界面動態情況的微小變化，並以簡形數值擬合法(Simplex Data Fitting)配合有機發光二極體模型探討有機與金屬界面間動態變化的情形。當有機材料與電極在操作狀態下，因載子的漂移會使得有機物質與電極間產生變化，文獻證實在有機層與陰極層間會形成一中間層，將此定義為一介電層，構成本研究所使用之五層結構之有機發光二極體模型；推論在電極陽極與有機層也會形成另一介電層，構成另一六層結構之有機發光二極體模型。由實驗量測無有機層元件並擬合其ITO光學參數來比較實驗與理論的差異性；使用單層有機層元件量測反射光譜圖並以五層及六層模型作數值擬合，最佳所得的二層介電層之光學參數(n、k、d)分別為：三變數擬合－折射率8.73-6.98i，厚度為14.05nm，誤差容許度為2.5E-3，四變數擬合－折射率1.74-5.96i，厚度為9.19nm，其誤差容許度可達2.76E-5，說明介電層是具高折射高吸收，其性質偏向金屬材質的特性，且在操作狀態下，n、k值會提升0.02-0.3，與外加電壓成正比關係，可確定元件在操作狀態下，由於介電層有能量通過，使介電層產生新的鍵結物質而使n、k值上升，由此證實本實驗之理論模型的正確性。 This thesis research is to study the dynamical characteristics of organic/metal interface in organic light-emitting devices (OLED) by means of measuring P-polarized He-Ne laser reflectivity spectra in which surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensitive to interfacial properties can be generated as incident laser satisfies specific condition. Due to carrier injections at interfaces, it’s been confirmed that there is an intermediate layer between organic and metal layers in OLED during device operation. The dynamical properties of organic/metal interface can be characterized by optical constants of this intermediate layer as our experimental data fit to multi-layer OLED optical models with 3 or 4 adjustable variables. Our experimental results showed that the optical constants (n, k) and thickness (d) are (8.73, 6.98) and 14.05nm respectively in best fit with 3 variables. The fitting tolerance can reach 2.5E-3. The optical constants (n, k) and thickness (d) are (1.74, 5.96) and 9.19nm respectively in best fit with 4 variables. The fitting tolerance can reach 2.76E-5. It also revealed that the characteristic of this intermediate layer is similar to metal due to its high reflection and high absorption. The optical constants increased in range of 0.02-0.3 during device operation as driving voltage increased. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章序論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機及目的 2 1.3 文獻回顧 4 1.4 內容概述 6 第二章理論背景 8 2.1 有機發光二極體元件簡介 8 2.1.1 有機發光二極體發光機制 8 2.1.2 有機發光二極體元件結構 9 2.2 反射率理論模型 11 2.2.1 反射率公式推導 11 2.2.2 多層模型反射率推導 13 2.3.3 簡形數據擬合法流程 16 2.3 表面電漿共振理論 19 2.3.1 表面電漿波理論 19 2.3.2 衰逝全反射架構 22 第三章實驗方法與架構 24 3.1 表面電漿共振耦合架構 24 3.2 表面電漿共振法之實驗架構 24 3.3 表面電漿共振法之量測步驟 26 第四章實驗結果之擬合與討論 31 4.1 無有機層元件之模擬與實驗擬合 31 4.2 單層有機層發光元件之實驗擬合 36 4.3 無有機層與單層有機層發光元件模擬結果 48 4.4 實驗與擬合結果討論 58 4.5 誤差範圍分析 65 第五章結論與未來展望 66 參考文獻 68 附錄 A 簡形數據擬合法 71 B 實驗理論誤差分析 76 符號彙編 77 [1]蘇水祥，橫山明聰，朱健慈，江俊德，電激發光新視界，科學發展，349期，2002年1月，38-45頁 [2]陳金鑫，黃孝文，OLED/有機電激發光材料與元件，台北市：五南出版社，2005 [3]Michel Schaer, Frank Nüesch, Detlef Berner, William Leo, Libero Zuppiroli, “Water Vapor and Oxygen Degradation Mechanisms in Organic Light Emitting Diodes,” Advance Function Material, vol. 11, no. 2, 2001, pp. 116-121 [4]陳金鑫，黃孝文，OLED-夢幻顯示器，台北市：五南出版社，2007 [5]W. J. H. van Gennip, J. K. J. van Duren, P. C. Thüne, R. A. J. Janssen and J. W. Niemantsverdriet, ”The interfaces of poly.p-phenylene vinylene. and fullerene derivatives with Al, LiF, and Al/LiF studied by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Formation of AlF3 disproved,” Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 117, no. 10, 2002, pp. 5031-5035 [6]Hairong Li*, Fujia Zhang and Su Liu, “Surface and interface state analysis of the TPD/Alq3 using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM),” Applied Surface Science, vol. 225, 2004, pp. 162-169 [7]B.A. Paez, G. Salvan, R. Scholz, and D. R.T. Zahn, “Interface formation of Mg with DiMePTCDI studied by Raman spectroscopy,” Physical Status Solidi (c), vol. 2, no. 12, 2005, pp. 4048-4052 [8]Ji-Seon Kim, Peter K. H. Ho, Craig E. Murphy, Nicholas Baynes and Richard H. Friend, “Nature of Non-emissive Black Spots in Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes by In-SituMicro-Raman Spectroscopy,” Advance Material, vol. 14, no. 3, 2002, pp. 206-209 [9]L. S. Hung, L. S. Liao, C. S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, “Sputter deposition of cathodes in organic light emitting diodes,” Journal Applied Physical, vol. 86, 1999, pp. 4607-4612 [10]Hany Aziz, Zoran Popovic, Carl P. Tripp, Nan-Xing Hu, Ah-Mee Hor, Gu Xu, “Degradation processes at the cathode/organic interface in organic light emitting devices with Mg:Ag cathodes,” Applied. Physics Letter, vol. 72, 1998, pp. 2642-2644 [11]Xiaodong Wu, Mustafa H. Chowdhury, Chris D. Geddes, Kadir Aslan, Roman Domszy, Joseph R. Lakowicz and Arthur J.-M. Yang, “Use of surface plasmon-coupled emission for enhancing light transmission through Top-Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 516, 2008, pp. 1977-1983 [12]簡金雄，陳金鑫，二十一世紀的明星產業-有機發光二極體平面顯示器技術，光電科技，24期，78頁，2001 [13]Nan-Fu Chiu, Shou-Yu Nien, Ling-Chih Chien, Jiun-Haw Lee, Chieh-Hsiung Kuan and Chii-Wann Lin, “Enhanced luminescence of organic/metal nanostructure with symmetric dielectric layers for long-range surface plasmon polaritons,” Proceedings of SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 6323 , 2006, pp. 63231V-1-63231V-9 [14]G. Z. Ran, W. Q. Zhao, L. Dai and G. G. Qin, “Highly transparent cathodes comprised of rare earth and Au stacked layersfor top-emission organic light emitting diodes,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 100, no. 113107, 2006, 113107-1-113107-4 [15]蔡志瑋，有機半導體發光元件之有機與金屬界面動態特性研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學光電工程研究所，台北，2007。 [16]簡柏叡，有機半導體發光元件之有機與金屬界面動態特性模型擬合研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學光電工程研究所，台北，2008。 [17]J. C. Lagarias, J. A. Reeds, M. H. Wright, and P. E. Wright, “Convergence Properties of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions,” SIAM Journal of Optimization, vol. 9, 1998, no. 1, pp. 112-147 [18]李正中，薄膜光學與鍍膜技術，台北市：藝軒圖書出版社，2006 U0006-0202200910542200 何宗翰 Tsung-Han Ho 主動矩陣式有機發光顯示器面板電流資料信號延遲現象模擬研究 The Simulation Study of Current-Data Signal Delay in Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Display 楊恆隆碩士國立台北科技大學光電工程系研究所 95658053 97 98 中文 70 主動矩陣式有機發光顯示面板掃描電壓信號延遲電流資料線信號延遲傳輸線理論模型 AMOLED voltage-scan signal delay Current-Data Signal Delay transmission-line model 本論文研究主動矩陣式有機發光顯示器面板(AMOLED)上，電流資料信號延遲現象與電壓資料線及掃描線信號延遲之模擬研究，透過傳輸線理論模型，依據給定之電阻與電容值，在QVGA(320×240)、VGA(640×480)、SXGA(1280×1024)、Full HD(1920×1080)四種解析度下，利用電腦進行數值模擬並且探討典型AMOLED 4T1C與基本 2T1C及AMLCD畫素電路三者比較信號延遲的差異性。由於畫素可等效為一組電阻與電容構成之串聯電路，而面板由畫素陣列構成，因此信號延遲起因於面板上的等效電阻與電容因為信號變化造成的充放電現象而使信號產生延遲現象。根據模擬結果顯示，電流資料信號延遲時間在四種解析度下分別為0.31μs、0.09μs、0.24μs、0.14μs，而與2T1C畫素電路在面板末端信號延遲比較可知倍數從0.72倍降至0.23倍；與AMLCD畫素電路比較可知倍數從7.75倍降至0.24倍，由於電流資料線信號延遲比起電壓資料線延遲的延遲狀況來得輕微，且延遲時間皆不超過1μs，因此電流資料線信號延遲現象在面板傳輸上並不會構成面板設計的一項重要因素。至於掃描線信號延遲比較結果顯示，從QVGA到Full HD解析度，AMOLED 4T1C與2T1C畫素電路比較結果顯示延遲時間倍數關係從3.51倍降至1.08倍；與AMLCD畫素電路相比較結果顯示，信號延遲時間倍數關係從55.51倍降至1.39倍。 This thesis research is to study current-data and voltage-scan signal delay in Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Display (AMOLED) with 4-transistor, 1-capacitor (4T1C) and 2-transistor, 1-capacitor (2T1C) pixels by computer simulation based on theoretical transmission-line model under typical QVGA(320×240), VGA(640×480), SXGA(1280×1027), and Full HD (1920×1080) resolutions. The signal-delay distinctions among 4T1C AMOLED, 2T1C AMOLED, and active-matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) are also included in our simulation. Our simulation results reveal that the current-data delay time unique in 4T1C AMOLED are 0.31μs, 0.09μs, 0.24μs and 0.14μs respectively in four different resolutions. Its voltage-scan delay time reduced from 0.72 times to 0.23 times compared to the end point with 2T1C AMOLED. Its voltage-scan delay time reduced from 7.75 times to 0.24 times compared to the end point with AMLCD. Our results also reveal that delay time from current signal is smaller that that from voltage signal. Therefore the current-signal delay will not become an issue in AMOLED panel design. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 致謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究背景 2 1.3 研究動機 6 1.4 論文架構 7 第二章 AMOLED與AMLCD面板概述 9 2.1 顯示器顯示概述 9 2.1.1 液晶顯示器顯示原理 9 2.1.2 有機發光二極體發光原理 10 2.2 AMOLED與AMLCD驅動方式 12 2.2.1 主動矩陣式驅動方式 12 2.2.2 灰階控制 13 2.3 主動矩陣式顯示器畫素電路簡介 14 2.3.1 AMLCD畫素電路 14 2.3.2 AMOLED畫素電路 15 2.4 主動矩陣式畫素電路之寄生電容 17 2.4.1 AMLCD畫素電路的寄生電容 17 2.4.2 AMOLED畫素電路的寄生電容 18 第三章信號延遲模擬理論 21 3.1 信號延遲原理 21 3.2 傳輸線理論模型 23 3.2 信號延遲之電壓解析解 25 3.3 信號延遲之電流解析解 29 第四章模擬結果與討論 33 4.1 掃描線信號延遲模擬結果與討論 33 4.1.1 QVGA解析度 33 4.1.2 VGA解析度 36 4.1.3 SXGA解析度 39 4.1.4 Full HD解析度 43 4.1.5討論 46 4.2 電壓資料線信號延遲模擬結果與討論 49 4.2.1 QVGA解析度 49 4.2.2 VGA解析度 50 4.2.3 SXGA解析度 51 4.2.4 Full HD解析度 53 4.2.5 討論 54 4.3 電流資料線信號延遲模擬結果與討論 55 4.3.1 電流資料線信號延遲模擬結果 55 4.3.2 討論 58 第五章結論與未來展望 61 參考文獻 63 附錄 A AMLCD畫素電路模擬結果 65 符號彙編 70 [1]J.-W. Park, M.-C. Lee, W.-J. Nam, I.-H. Song, and M.-K. Han, "A poly-Si TFT integrated gate-data line-crossover structure employing an air-gap for large-size AMLCD panel," IEEE Electron Device Letters 22 (8), 2001, pp.402-404. [2]B.-D. Choi, and O.-K. Kwon, "Line time extension driving method for a-Si TFT-LCDs and its application to high definition televisions," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 50 (1), 2004, pp.33-38. [3]R. I. McCartney, S.-H. Kim, H.-W. Park, and S. Kim, "A new driving method to compensate for row line signal propagation delays in an AMLCD and analysis using a distributed electrical model," Digest of Technical Papers - SID International Symposium 36 (1), art. no. 9.2, 2005, pp.128-131. [4]R. I. McCartney, S.-H. Kim, H.-W. Park, and S. Kim, "A new driving method to compensate for row-line signal-propagation delays in an AMLCD," Digest of Technical Papers - SID International Symposium 36 (1), art. no. 9.2, 2006, pp.128-131. [5]Y.-C. Sung, and O.-K.W. Kwon, "Low-Cost TFT-LCDs with Pre-emphasis Driving Method for Large-Size and High-Definition TVs," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53 (4), 2007, pp.1674-1681. [6]T. Sasaoka, M. Sekiya, A. Yumoto, J. Yamada, T. Hirano, Y. Iwase, T. Yamada, T. Ishibashi, T. Mori, M. Asano, S. Tamura and T. Urabe, "A 13.0-inch AM-OLED Display with Top Emitting Structure and Adaptive Current Mode Programmed Pixel Circuit (TAC)," Digest of Technical Papers - SID International Symposium 32 (1), 2001, pp.384-387. [7]戴亞翔著，TFT-LCD面板的驅動與設計，台北：五南，2006，第115-128頁。 [8]A. Nathan, A. Kumar, K. Sakariya, P. Servati, S. Sambandan, and D. Striakhilev, "Amorphous silicon thin film transistor circuit integration for organic LED displays on glass and plastic," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 39 (9), 2004, pp.1477-1486. [9]陳志強編著，OLED有機發光二極體顯示器技術，台北：全華，2006，9-12- 9-26頁。 [10]陳金鑫、黃孝文著，OLED：Materials and Devices of Dream Displays 夢幻顯示器：OLED材料與元件，台北：五南，2007，第34-35頁。 [11]城戶淳二著，圖解有機EL，台北：世茂，2004，第118-123頁。 [12]蔡明彰編譯，暫態現象問題解析，台北：文笙，1994，第325-343頁。 [13]C. Christopoulos, The Transmission-Line Modeling Method, IEEE Inc. New York, 1995. [14]Z. S. Huang, G.. De Crescenzo and J. A. Rowlands, "Signal and noise analysis using transmission line model for larger area flat-panel x-ray imaging sensors," Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 3659 (I), 1999, pp.76-89. U0006-0202200910542700 謝博智 Po-Chih Hsieh 謝博智冰水主機應用不同散熱方法之全年系統性能係數分析-以商業建築為例 Annual Coefficient of Performance Analysis for Chillers Using Different Heat Rejections as Applied to Commercial Buildings 蔡尤溪碩士國立台北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班 95458524 97 98 中文 122 系統性能係數模擬建築耗能節能 eQUEST SCOP eQuest Energy simulation Air-conditioning Power Consumption Energy Conservation 商業建築中央空調系統一般大都應用水冷式冰水主機，鮮少應用氣冷式冰水主機或是蒸發冷卻式之冰水主機，本文將以系統性能係數（System coefficient of performance）的觀點，利用動態負荷模擬軟體eQUEST（Quick Energy Simulation Tool）模擬一商業建築之中央空調系統冰水機應用不同的散熱器之耗能分析。在中央空調系統冰水主機部份應用不同散熱器之建築全年耗能模擬結果為：水冷式冰水機部份為808,928.6 kWh、氣冷式冰水主機部分為824,587.5 kWh及蒸發冷卻式冰水主機部分為750,396.0 kWh；若再應用不同的節能方法進行模擬分析可發現到應用VWV系統可減少1.8~3％的全年耗電量、VAV系統可減少10~11％的全年耗電量；VWV系統及VAV系統若同時應用，更可發現全年耗電量減少14~16％；若以其系統性能係數分析及比較，可以得到整年度的水冷式系統性能係數平均值為2.97、氣冷式為2.74、蒸發冷卻式為3.45。因此，以年耗電量來看，商業建築中央空調系統若不應用其他的節能手法，在長時間的運轉下應用水冷式或氣冷式冰水主機系統對於全年度的耗能是相差無幾的；在本研究中也考慮了一個蒸發冷卻式冰水主機作為對比，發現到蒸發式冷卻系統不管在年度耗電量或是系統性能係數上皆優於水冷式及氣冷式冰水機系統。 The air conditioning systems of commercial buildings mostly employ the water-cooled, less with the air-cooled or evaporation-cooled systems. This study introduces the concept of SCOP (System coefficient of performance). The tools for the energy analysis are the DOE 2 eQUEST (Quick Energy Simulation Tool) program. Simulation of annual Coefficient of Performance for chillers using different heat rejections systems are applied to Commercial Buildings. It was found that the power consumption for chillers using different heat rejections are 808,928.6 kWh, 824,587.5 kWh, 750,396.0 kWh, respectively for water-cooled, air-cooled and evaporation-cooled. Then different energy-saving methods were simulated and analyzed. It was found that the VWV system can reduce 1.8~3% of annual energy use, and for VAV system 10~11%. If analyzed and compared for SCOP, the water-cooled is 2.97, the air-cooled is 2.74 and evaporation-cooled is 3.45. In the view of annual energy consumption, when without employing energy-saving measures for air conditioning system of commercial buildings, energy consumption is nearly the same for water-cooled or air cooling type. The study has found that the annual energy consumption and SCOP of evaporation-cooled is better than the other two heat rejection methods. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 第一章　緒論 1 1.1研究動機與背景 1 第二章常用冰水機散熱器之概述 7 2.1散熱器的種類 7 2.2水冷式冷凝器的介紹 7 2.3氣冷式冷凝器介紹 10 2.4蒸發冷卻式冷凝器介紹 12 2.5常用散熱器之比較 13 第三章空調系統節能應用與耗能指標 15 3.1系統性能係數之簡介 15 3.2 耗能特性指標EUI、DUI之簡介 16 3.3 可變風量系統 (VAV) 之簡介 17 3.4可變流量系統 (VWV) 之簡介 20 第四章案例模擬分析 23 4.1耗能模擬軟體eQUEST概述 23 4.2 建築物選定、描述及模型建立 28 4.3案例應用水冷式冰水機之耗能模擬 32 4.4案例採用氣冷式冰水機之耗能模擬 43 4.5案例採用蒸發冷卻式冰水機之耗能模擬 53 第五章結果與討論 63 5.1 應用水冷式主機之耗能與系統性能係數分析 63 5.2 應用氣冷式主機之耗能與系統性能係數分析 81 5.3 應用蒸發冷卻式主機之耗能與系統性能係數分析 97 5.4 應用不同散熱器之綜合分析 113 第六章結論 119 參考文獻 121 參考文獻 [1] 財團法人綠色生產力基金會節約能源中心，辦公大樓節約能源手冊，2006。 [2] 楊冠雄，「建築物整體能源系統最佳化研究」，經濟部能源委員會，1992。 [3] 林憲德，建築及空調節能設計規範的解說與實例，詹氏書局，民國84 年。 [4] 林憲德，綠建築空調系統節能指標與基準，經濟部能源委員會建築節能技術研討會，2002。 [5] 蔡尤溪，「住商部門節能實例與效益分析」，能源查核與節約能源研討會發表，2002。 [6] 張世典、楊謙柔、蔡必超，「辦公建築能源管理作業之研究」，建築物能源管理技術研究計畫，經濟部能源委員會，2004。 [7] 楊俊欣、范植偉、蔡尤溪，「辦公建築空調全年耗能電腦模擬與耗能因子解析」，冷凍與空調，期8，頁77－85，2003。 [8] 黃瑞隆、傅功誠，「變風量系統節能效益分析」，能源季刊，2001。 [9] 李魁鵬、李建享、蔡尤溪，「建築耗能動態模擬程式在節能技術分析之應用」，能源與冷凍空調學術研討會發表，2005。 [10] 蘇啟章，可變風量技術發展與應用，碩士論文，台北科技大學，台北，2002。 [11] 范植賢，建築物能源管理診斷專家系統，碩士論文，台北科技大學，台北，2003。 [12] 楊俊欣，辦公建築空調全年耗能電腦模擬與耗能因子解析，碩士論文，台北科技大學，台北，2003。 [13] 許倍郡，台灣地區典型綜合大樓之節能分析，碩士論文，中山大學，高雄，2004。 [14] 張伯弘，醫療類建築空調設備耗能指標之預測參數研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學，台北，2006。 [15] 謝念吟，兩種變風量系統之節能設計模擬分析，碩士論文，台北科技大學，台北，2006。 [16] 陳宜群，都市商業區街廓用電調查研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台南，2006。 [17] 李瑞淋，變冷媒系統運用於醫療場所之空調節能效益評估分析，碩士論文，台北科技大學，台北，2008。 [18] R. Zmeureanu、C. Peragine, Evaluation of interactions between lighting and HVAC systems in a large commercial building, Energy Conversion & Management 40 , Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 1229-1236, 1999. [19] S. Wang, Dynamic simulation of building VAV air-conditioning system and evaluation of EMCS on-line control strategies, Building and Environment, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1999, pp. 681-705. [20] Philip C.H.Yu & W.K. Chow, Energy use in commercial building in Hong Kong, Applied Energy, Vol. 69, No. 4, 2001, pp. 243-255。 [21] M. Hosoz1 and A. Kilicarslan, Performance evaluations of refrigeration systems with air-cooled, water-cooled and evaporative condensers, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol.28, 2004, pp. 683-696. [22] ASHRAE STANDARD 90.1，Energy standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential，American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc., 2004。 [23] 內政部建築研究所，「建築空調節能設計基準與技術規範」，民國95年。 [24] 王文博、胡興邦，冷凍空調原理(下)，台北，1990。 [25] A.R. Trott and T. Welch, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, 3nd Ed., Butterworth Heinemann, pp.67, 1984. [26] Faye C. McQuiston & Jerald D. Parker, Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning analysis and design , JOHN WILEY & SONS、INC., Six edition, 2004。 [27] ASHRAE Handbook，HVAC Systems and Equipment., 2004. [28] ASHRAE Handbook，Fundamantal, 2005。 U0006-0202200914505500 謝秉承 Bing-Cheng Hsieh 基於人臉辨識之照片管理系統 A Photo Management System Based on Face Recognition 張厥煒碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598024 97 98 英文 52 照片管&#63972 人臉偵測人臉辨&#63996 Photo Management Face Detection Face Recognition 隨著數位攝影設備的普及，個人照片的數量快速增加‧本篇論文提出一個可以用來有效管理個人的人物照片的系統‧利用目前的人臉偵測及人臉辨 識技術，我們提供了自動及半自動的工具讓使用者可以快速連結照片和人物‧我們對影像進行一系列針對光源變化以及不同姿勢等問題的前置處理以提高辨識率‧我們發現在某個特定事件拍攝的個人照片中，通常只會出現一個特定群組的人物‧我們可以根據這個特定人物群組建置人臉辨識器以簡化問題‧我們設定了一個機制排除步不屬於這個群組的人或無法明確辨識的臉部影像‧經過組織後的照片，會顯的較為有序並利於使用者快速排除錯誤的辨識結果‧對於無法準確自動辨識的人臉，我們提供了一個半自動的方式， 利用提供三個可能的選項的方式讓使用從中選擇指定‧我們設計了完整的使用者介面讓使用者可以快速進行這些動作‧針對系統的可能使用範圍，我們進行了模擬實驗‧結果顯示當照片的數量相當龐大時，我們的系統可以大量 的減輕使用者的負擔‧ With the increasing availability of digital cameras, one can easily collect a large number of photos. In this paper, we present a prototype system aimed to achieve efficient management of photos of people. Using current face detection and recognition technologies, we provide both automatic and semi-automatic methods to facilitate the job of associating photos to people. A series of preprocessing methods are taken to improve recognition rate for faces captured in varying lighting conditions and poses. We found that a personal photo collection of a single event may contain only a limited group of people. We can set up a face classifier specific for the group of people. A threshold scheme separates people not in the group or faces that can not be confidently identified apart. The organized result helps pick out incorrectly identified faces. A semi-automatic approach is used to deal with the leftovers by giving three candidates to choose from. Our proposed system is equipped with comprehensive user interface designed for these tasks. We conducted a simulation of this usage showing that it can dramatically reduce the amount of work on a very large set of photos. 摘要.............................................................................................................i Abstract........................................................................................................ii Table of Contents .........................................................................................iii List of Tables................................................................................................v List of Figures ..............................................................................................vi Chapter 1 Introduction.....................................................................................1 1.1 Research Purpose ..........................................................................1 1.2 Achievements and Limitations .......................................................1 1.3 Related Works...............................................................................3 Chapter 2 Our Photo Management System..................................................5 2.1 System Overview..........................................................................5 2.2 Maintain the Database ...................................................................7 2.3 Labeling Faces ..............................................................................9 2.4 Using Face Recognition.................................................................14 Chapter 3 Face Detector ..........................................................................16 3.1 OpenCV HAAR Detection ...........................................................16 3.2 Detector Setup...............................................................................18 3.3 Result............................................................................................19 Chapter 4 Face Classifier ..........................................................................21 4.1 Eigenface Method .........................................................................21 4.2 Training and Classifying................................................................22 4.3 Result ..........................................................................................24 Chapter 5 Face Normalization .................................................................26 5.1 Pose Normalization .......................................................................26 5.2 Image Enhancement ......................................................................28 5.3 Result............................................................................................30 Chapter 6 Simulation Results......................................................................32 6.1 Simulation 1..................................................................................32 6.2 Simulation 2..................................................................................35 Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Works ...................................................37 References....................................................................................................39 Appendix A User Interface ................................................................................40 A.1 Overview ...................................................................................41 iv A.2 Entity View................................................................................41 A.2.1 Face ....................................................................................41 A.2.2 Group .................................................................................41 A.2.3 People.................................................................................43 A.2.4 Album.................................................................................45 A.2.5 Album List..........................................................................47 A.2.6 Photo ..................................................................................49 A.3 Use of GPU................................................................................51 [1] B. B. Bederson, “PhotoMesa: A Zoomable Image Browser Using Quantum Treemaps and Bubblemaps,” In Proceedings of UIST 2001, 71–80. ACM, 2001. [2] T. J. Mills, D. Pye, D. Sinclair, and K. R. Wood, “Shoebox: A Digital Photo Management System,” Technical Report 2000.10, AT&T Laboratories, Cambridge, 2000. [3] Google, Inc. Pacasa. http://picasa.google.com/ [4] A. Kuchinsky, C. Pering, M. L. Creech, D. Freeze, B. Serra, and J. Gwizdka, “FotoFile: A Consumer Multimedia Organization and Retrieval System,” Proc. of the CHI 99 Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 496-503, 1999. [5] Apple Computer. iPhoto. http://www.apple.com/iphoto/ [6] K. Rodden and K. R. Wood, “How Do People Manage Their Digital Photographs?” Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 409 – 416, 2003 [7] A. Girgensohn, J. Adcock, and L. Wilcox, “Leveraging Face Recognition Technology to Find and Organize Photos,” Proc. of the 6th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval, pp. 99-106, 2004. [8] P. Viola M. Jones, “Rapid Object Detection using a Boosted Cascade of Simple Features,” Proc. IEEE Computer Society Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 511-518 2001 [9] C. P. Papageorgiou, M. Oren, and T. Poggio, "A General Framework for Object Detection," 6th Intl. Conf. on Computer Vision, 1998. [10] M. Turk and A. Pentland, “Eigenfaces for Recognition,” J. Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 1, 1991. [11] Georgia Tech face database. http://www.anefian.com/face_reco.htm [12] Caltech Face Database. http://www.vision.caltech.edu/html-files/archive.html [13] S. Milborrow and F. Nicolls, “Locating Facial Features with an Extended Active Shape Model,” ECCV, 2008. U0006-0202200914514400 陳信合 Hsin-Hor Chen 混合式磁流變液阻尼器的研究 Development of Mixed Mode Magnetorheological Fluid Damper 韓麗龍 Lee-Long Han 碩士國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所 95568051 97 98 中文 101 磁流變液阻尼器磁場強度阻尼力 Magneto-rheological (MR) damper magnetic field strength damping force 磁流變液體是一種新型的智能材料。磁流變液體主要由載液、磁性微粒及界面活性劑所組成。當外加磁場時，磁流變液產生明顯的磁滯流變效應，在毫秒級的瞬間內由流動性良好的Newtonian流體變成Bingham流體，而這種變化是連續、迅速、可逆，容易控制。磁流變液阻尼器是一種理想的半主動控制裝置，即使當阻尼力在調節過程中發生故障，磁流變液阻尼器仍然能以被動式的方式使用。本論文探討磁流變液阻尼器之特性。先以 Magneto V64 電磁場分析軟體，對阻尼器線圈進行磁路及磁場強度分析，探討磁場對磁流變液的剪應力效應，建立磁流變液阻尼器的數學模式，並以MATLAB進行數值模擬得到其阻尼力的特性。最後以低炭鋼製，磁流變液以LORD公司製作之MRF-132DG磁流變液進行實驗，驗證得知在電流0.1 安培~0.4 安培時，隨著電流增加而增強阻尼力的，達到一般車輛用避震器可控制之阻尼力。 Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid is a kind of novel smart material. MR fluid was composed of based fluids, magnetic micro-particles and surfactants, and it has significant magneto-rheological effect in additional magnetic fluid. When an external magnetic field is applied, the MR fluid changes from good flow of Newtonian fluid into Bingham plastic fluid in few millisecond continuously, rapidly, reversibility, and was controlled easy. Therefore MR fluid damper is an ideal semi-active device, when the damping force in adjusting process could fault its performance, MR fluid damper still able to use passive mode. In this research, discussing MR damper of characteristic, Magneto V64 was used to analyze data with magneto field strength to coil of MR damper.To probe into magneto field to yield stress of MR fluid and establish model of MR damper, computing damping force characteristic with MATLAB. To perform experiment MR damper composed mild steel and MR fluid MRF-132DG. from LORD corporation. To put the proof that adding damping force with verify electric current 0.1A~0.4A i tendency of MR damper.It is attaining the damping force of general vehicle shock absorber. 中文摘要 …i 英文摘要 ...ii 誌謝 ..iv 目錄 ...v 表目錄 .vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 .01 1.1 前言 .01 1.2 文獻回顧 .02 1.2.1 國外研究 .02 1.2.2 兩岸及國內研究 .04 1.3 研究動機與目的 .06 1.4 本文結構 .09 第二章磁流變液阻尼器的研究探討 .10 2.1 磁流變液簡介 .10 2.1.1 磁流變液的種類 .11 2.1.2 磁流變液的組成 .12 2.1.3 磁流變液的性能 .14 2.2 液壓阻尼器的原理 .21 2.3 磁流變液阻尼器的類型 .22 2.3.1 力學模式 .24 2.3.2 作動流體體積 .25 2.3.3 混合式磁流變液阻尼器力學模式 .26 第三章磁流變液阻尼器的磁路分析 .31 3.1磁流變液阻尼器磁路設計原則 .31 3.2磁流變閥的設計 .34 第四章數值模擬與分析 .39 4.1 Magneto磁路分析 .39 4.2 MATLAB阻尼力數值模擬分析 .52 第五章實驗裝置與結果 .70 5.1 實驗流程與設備 .70 5.2 實驗結果與討論 .77 第六章結論與建議 .92 6.1 結論 .92 6.2 未來方向與展望 .92 參考文獻 .93 附錄1 ...98 附錄2 ..100 [1] 周玉豐、陳花玲，「磁流變阻尼器結構改進設計與性能研究」，寧夏工程技術，第4卷，第4期，2005，第325-327頁。 [2] 電、磁流變液國際會議：http://ic.newmaker.com/art_6311.html. [3] 中國電、磁流變液會議： http://www.cstam.org.cn/index.asp. [4] Rabinow J., "The magnetic fluid clutch, " AIEE Transactions, 1948, pp. 308-315. 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[44] 周雲，譚平，磁流變阻尼控制理念與技術，北京，科學出版社，2007。 [45] 李德才，磁性液體理論及應用，北京：科技出版社，2003年，第50-200頁。 [46] 邱垂峰，多極板混合式電流變液阻尼器設計與分析，碩士論文，台灣大學，台北，2003。 U0006-0202200915015800 巫鷹駿 Ying-Chun Wu 藉由增加系統非線性動力行為之偵測與感應 Detection and sensing based on enhanced nonlinear system dynamics 尹世洵 Shih-Hsun Yin 碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428019 97 98 中文 78 結構健康監測損害偵測非線性敏感度 structural health monitoring damage detection non-linear high sensitivity 以往的偵測技術通常建立於量測因結構損害所造成結構振動頻率、振動模態、或相關衍生的結構振動特徵上的改變。然而這些技術對於初期微量的結構損害非常不敏感。因此本研究將藉由在結構系統內加入一非線性回饋迴圈，來提高系統的非線性，使系統產生分歧行為(bifurcation) ，甚至達到渾沌狀態，並利用渾沌系統對於參數變化極敏感之特性，透過狀態空間來觀察系統參數變化所造成之動力行為改變，進而識別結構系統參數之變化。 The conventional detection techniques are usually based on measuring the changes in natural frequencies, mode shapes, or other derivatives of linear system dynamic characteristics that are caused by structural damage. However, the conventional detection techniques above are not very sensitive to initially small damage. Thus, this research is to enhance system nonlinearity and to make a system generate bifurcation and even chaos by means of adding a nonlinear feedback loop to the system. Due to the sensitivity of a chaotic system to small parametric variations, the changes in system parameters can be identified by observing the changes of the system dynamics in state space. 摘要.......................................................i ABSTRACT..................................................ii 誌謝...................................................iii 目錄....................................................iv 表目錄....................................................vi 圖目錄...................................................vii 第一章導論................................................1 1.1 研究背景...........................................1 1.2 研究內容及目的.....................................2 第二章文獻回顧............................................4 2.1 結構健康監測的發展.................................4 2.2 壓電材料的介紹.....................................5 2.3 渾沌理論的介紹.....................................6 2.4 龐克萊圖及分歧圖之介紹............................10 第三章結構模擬及分析理論.................................14 3.1 問題之描述........................................14 3.2 數值解的建立......................................17 3.2.1 運動方程式..................................17 3.2.2 模型材料之性質..............................19 3.2.3龍格-庫塔法(Runge-Kutta)的介紹...............20 3.2.4數值模擬之模態數選取.........................21 3.2.5數值模擬之參數設定...........................26 第四章不同偵測位置之敏感度模擬結果.......................34 4.1感測分析方法.......................................34 4.2感測分析步驟.......................................34 4.3感測分析結果.......................................35 4.3.1壓電感應器設置於距梁固定端0.09m處之感測結果..35 4.3.2壓電感應器設置於距梁固定端0.13m處之感測結果..47 4.3.3壓電感應器設置於距梁固定端0.17m處之感測結果..55 4.3.4壓電感應器設置於距梁固定端0.21m處之感測結果..58 4.3.5壓電感應器設置於距梁固定端0.25m處之感測結果..67 第五章結論與建議.........................................76 5.1 結論..............................................76 5.2 建議..............................................77 參考文獻 .................................................78 【1】 Stubbs Norris、Jeong-Tae Kim，1996，Damage Localization in StructuresWithout Baseline Modal Parameters，AIAA，JOURNAL，Vol.34，No.8，pp.1644-1649. 【2】 B. I. Epureanu、S. H. Yin、M. D. Derriso，2005，High-sensitivity damage detection based on enhanced nonlinear dynamics，Smart Materials and Structures，14(2):321–327. 【3】 S. H. Yin、B. I. Epureanu，2005，Enhanced nonlinear dynamics and monitoring bifurcation morphing for the identification of parameter variations，Journal of Fluids and Structures， 21(5-7):543–559. 【4】 B. I. Epureanu、S. H. Yin、E. H. Dowell，2005，Enhanced nonlinear dynamics for accurate identification of stiffness loss in a thermo-shielding panel，Nonlinear Dynamics，39(1-2):197–211. 【5】 S. H. Yin、B. I. Epureanu，2007，Experimental enhanced nonlinear dynamics and identification of attractor morphing modes for damage detection，Journal of Vibration and Acoustics，129:763–770. 【6】 S. H. Yin、B. I. Epureanu，2008，Nonlinear feedback excitation for system interrogation by bifurcation morphing，AIAA journal，46(8):2058–2065. 【7】 Hayles N. K，1990，Chaos bound: Orderly disorder in contemporary literature and science，Ithaca，NY: Cornell University Press. 【8】 E.F. Crawley、J. Deluis. ，1987，Use of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures，AIAA Journal，25(10):1373-1385. 【9】 Jayant Sirohi、Inderjit Chopra，2000，Fundamental Understanding of Piezoelectric Strain Sensors，Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures，Vol.11，pp.246-257 【10】楊大智、吳錫侃、游正鋒，2004，智能材料與智能系統，新文京開發出版股份有限公司【11】張永潔，2007，渾沌之簡介，國立交通大學應用數學系【12】余建政、秦平源、高銘政，2006，MATLAB程式設計與應用，新文京開發出版股份有限公司 U0006-0202200915175400 張文龍 Wen-Long, Chang 影響百貨專櫃人員工作滿意之個人與組織因素研究 Research of Individual and Organization Factors Influence on Jobs Satisfaction of Department Store Special Counter Personnel 吳忠敏 Chung-min Wu 碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 95488516 97 98 中文 78 工作滿意結構方程式 Job satifaction SEM 摘要論文名稱：影響百貨專櫃人員工作滿意之個人與組織因素研究頁數：78 頁校所別：國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所畢業時間：九十七學年度第一學期學位：碩士研究生：張文龍指導教授：吳忠敏博士關鍵詞：工作滿意、結構方程式本研究動機是由於全球的金融海嘯下，消費緊縮，百貨專櫃業的營運更顯困難，加上消費意識的抬頭，消費者一方面追求好的服務態度和產品品質，一方面對於價格要求更多，使得百貨業專櫃人員的工作日益困難，此時，百貨專櫃的從業人員卻不能降低服務的品質，卻會造成個人工作不滿意的提升，導致個人和組織的困擾，因此本研究希望能提升工作滿意，讓個人對於組織能更了解也更具忠誠，研究過去學者的文獻，希望建立百貨專櫃人員工作滿意模型。本研究希望能建立系統化的模型，瞭解構面間彼此的關係，利用問卷方式測得量化資訊，使用統計軟體SPSS15.0以及AMOS7.0作為分析工具，利用結構方程式找出相互關聯，主要的統計分析方法；信、效度分析、描述性統計、關聯分析、平均數比較分析、結構方程模型，其研究結果如下： 1. 本研究之假設模型成立，可證明個人因子與組織因子將影響工作滿意進而影響到個人加入組織的難易程度。 2. 主管領導風格與個人人格特質將對於工作滿意度影響最為重要。 3. 經驗對於個人融入組織有重要影響，建議公司應該要加強員工間經驗交流與溝通。 ABSTRACT Title：Research of Individual and Organization Factors Influence on Jobs Satisfaction of Department Store Special Counter Personnel Pages：78 School：National Taipei University of Technology Department：The Graduate Institute of Industrial and Business Management Time：12, 2008 Degree：Master Researcher：Chang, Wen-Long Advisor：Wu, Chung-Min Keywords：Job satifaction, SEM, This research motive is because under the global financial tsunami, expends reduces, general department store special counter industry transport business reveals the difficulty, in addition expends consciousness gaining ground, the service attitude and the product quality which on the one hand the consumer pursues, on the one hand are more regarding the price request, causes the general department store industry special counter personnel''s job to be day by day difficult, this time, the general department store special counter jobholders cannot reduce the service actually the quality, can create individual job not satisfactory promotion actually, causes individual and organization''s puzzle, therefore this research hope can promote satisfaction, enables personally regarding the organization to understand also has loyally, research in the past scholar''s literature, hope establishment general department store special counter the personnel jobs the satisfied model. This research hope can establish systematized the model, has set at variance between the surface each other relations, obtains the quantification information using the questionnaire way, use statistics software SPSS15.0 as well as the AMOS7.0 achievement analyzes the tool, discovers the interdependence using the structure equation, the main statistical analysis method letter validity analysis, the descriptive statistics, the connection analysis, the mean value comparative analysis, the structure equation model, its findings are as follows: 1. Supposition model this research is tenable, may prove individual factor and the organization factor will affect job satisfaction then to affect join the organization personally the difficulty degree. 2. The manager will lead the style and individual personality special characteristic is most important regarding the job degree of satisfaction influence. 3. The experience regarding integrates the organization to have the important influence personally, suggested the company should have to strengthen between the staff to experience the exchange and the communication. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 目錄 v 表目錄 viii 圖目錄 x 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 1 1.3 研究流程 2 1.4 研究範圍及限制 3 第二章文獻探討 4 2.1 人格特質 4 2.2 領導型態 8 2.3 管理才能 14 2.4 組織社會化 17 2.5 工作滿意 23 第三章研究方法 29 3.1 研究架構 29 3.2 操作型定義 30 3.3研究假設 32 3.4問卷設計 32 3.5 統計工具 38 第四章研究結果與討論 40 4.1 樣本結構分析 40 4.1.1 樣本的回收情形 40 4.1.2 樣本的特性 40 4.2 信度分析 42 4.3 描述性統計 45 4.4 相關分析 52 4.5 平均數分析法 56 4.5.1 單因子變異數分析 56 4.5.2 獨立樣本T檢定 60 4.6 結構方程模式 66 第五章結論與建議 69 5.1 研究結果與結論 69 5.2 研究建議與貢獻 69 參考文獻 71 中文 71 英文 72 參考文獻中文 1. 江志正，1998，國民小學團體動力、組織學習、學校發展策略與學校效能關係之研究，博士論文，高雄師範大學教育研究所，台灣。 2. 吳秉恩，1984，管理才能發展方案實施成效關係之研究，博士論文，國立政治大學企業管理研究所，台灣。 3. 吳靜吉，潘養源，丁興祥（1980），”內外控取向與工作滿足及績效之關係”，政治大學學報，第41 期，第61 至74 頁。 4. 宋鎮照，2005，團體動力學。台北：五南。 5. 李美枝，1979，社會心理學。基隆：大洋出版社。 6. 李郁文，2002，團體動力學—群體動力的理論、實務與研究。台北：桂冠圖書。 7. 林欽榮（2002），組織行為，台北：揚智文化 8. 林慎培，2001。管理才能、產業環境、企業特性與部門績效關係之探討，碩士論文，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所，台灣。 9. 邱如美譯(1998)，領導人的變革法則，John P. 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Woodruffe, C.（1991）,” Competency By Any Other Name ”, Personnel Management, Vol.23, pp.30-33 U0006-0202200915190500 江俊賢 Jun- Xian Jiang 模式參數與數值地形不確定性於洪氾區劃設影響之研究 The analysis of impact on floodplain delineation under uncertainties from hydrology,hydraulic,and terrain 張哲豪碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428070 97 98 中文 140 洪氾區不確定性分析數值地形模型蒙地卡羅模擬法 Floodplain Uncertainty Monte Carlo Simulation Digital Terrain Model 由於「洪氾區」劃設範圍可能因水文、水理因子的不確定性、數值地形資料的觀測誤差，造成「洪氾區」劃設範圍具有其變動性與不確定性，導致結果欠缺一致性，是否能達到劃設洪氾警戒區域的需求，足以說明洪氾區劃設成果，這些因素都有其爭議性與探討的必要性。然而，在可能發生溢淹的洪氾區域中，各區域仍有其溢淹發生機率的高或低。基於上述種種因素，洪氾區劃設應以機率方式來進行風險分級劃設。因此，本研究擬透過蒙地卡羅模擬法，使用不同水文、水理模式之參數設定與數值地形觀測誤差範圍，配合SOBEK二維水理模式，以基隆河流域為研究範圍，模擬淹水潛勢之不確定因子並參考歐盟所訂定的劇烈氣候(本研究設定為重現期距500年)探討未來因氣候變遷造成的極端降雨事件。更進一步以機率的方式，說明風險分級劃設如何區分洪氾區中土地管制與警示的區域。並透過發生機率之高低，討論其風險分級是否合宜。藉此，將可更加客觀劃設「洪氾區」範圍，達到有效警示洪氾威脅之目標。 As the "flood area" may designate the scope of hydrology parameters of uncertainty, Digital Terrain Models of measurement errors , resulting in "flood area" designated area with its volatility and uncertainty, resulting in a lack of consistent results , and whether it is up to designate the needs of regional flood warning, floodplain established illustrates the results of these factors has its controversial nature and the need to explore. However, in a possible overflow of flood submerged area, the region still has its overflow flooded incidence of high or low. Various factors mentioned above, floodlain should be based on probability-based approach to risk classification designated. Therefore, this study was to be through the Monte Carlo simulation method, the use of different hydrology parameters set the value of the terrain and the number of measurement errors range, with two-dimensional water Sobek rationale models to study the scope of the Keelung River basin, simulation flooding potential and taking into account the uncertainty factor, the European Union set out in dramatic climate (the study is set to return period from 500 years) to explore the future because of climate change caused by extreme rainfall events. Further chance of a way to illustrate the risk classification can distinguish between designated flood plain land control and warning areas. And through the incidence of high or low, to discuss the desirability of its risk classification. In this way, will be more objective designated "flood area" the scope of the threat of effective flood warning objectives. 摘要 i 致謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 文獻回顧 4 1.2.1 洪氾區劃設分級背景 5 1.2.2 風險分級劃設之不確定因子 11 1.3 研究架構 19 第二章機率型態劃設方法 22 2.1 機率型態概念研析 22 2.2 劃設機率型態圖資需求 31 第三章模擬案例 36 3.1 基隆河流域概況 36 3.2 案例架構說明 38 3.3 模擬案例參數說明 40 3.4 模擬成果 50 第四章風險分級劃設 58 4.1 模擬案例之風險分級 60 4.2 劇烈氣候之風險分級 69 第五章結論與建議 74 5.1 結論 74 5.2 建議 76 參考文獻 77 附錄A：模擬案例淹水面積表 85 附錄B：模擬案例洪氾淹水圖 93 附錄C：模擬案例之發生機率面積比較圖表 136 [1] Böhm, H.R, Haupter, B.a , Heiland, P and Dapp, K, “Implementation of flood risk management measures into spatial plans and policies”, River Research and Applications Volume 20, Issue 3, pp 255-267 , 2004 [2] Christopher M. Smemoe, E. James Nelson, Alan K. Zundel, and A. 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Isolated Buildings with Supplemental Devices Subjected to Near-Fault Earthquake 廖文義 Wen-I Liao 碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428022 97 98 中文 145 隔震黏性阻尼器近斷層地震譜速度額外彈性裝置 isolated viscous damper near-fault spectral velocity supplemental elastic device 九二一集集地震後，近斷層地震對結構所引起的效應，受到高度重視，近斷層地震通常具有長週期的速度脈衝波，對於結構的危害程度，往往會比同等規模的遠域地震還大。本文主要以集集地震中，數筆近斷層地震資料，探討兩棟短、中週期之RC建築物分別裝上隔、減震元件，並進行非線性歷時分析，分析模型為未隔震建築物、隔震建築物、隔震加裝額外彈性裝置(Supplemental Elastic Devices；SED)建築物、隔震加裝黏性阻尼器(Viscous Damper)建築物，並比較隔震前後，基底剪力及基底位移之影響，最後再採用二十二筆近斷層地震資料，分析基底剪力及基底位移與PGV/PGA參數及譜速度(Sv)之關係。由研究中發現，隔震建築物承受近斷層地表運動時，加裝黏性阻尼器，所產生的基底剪力，比加裝額外彈性裝置建築物的基底剪力還小，而隔震位移也能控制在合理的範圍。最後發現隔震建築物的基底剪力及基底位移與PGV/PGA參數及譜速度(Sv)具高度相關性，所以參數PGV/PGA及譜速度(Sv)可視為近斷層地表運動下的關鍵參數。 Near-fault ground motions, which caused much of the damage in recent major earthquakes (Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995, Chi-Chi 1999), are characterized by a pulse-like motion that exposes the structure to high input energy at the beginning of the record. The first objective of this research is to compare the dynamic response of seismic isolated and non-isolated building structures subjected to near-fault ground motions. Two typical building structures with three story and eight story designed by Taiwan seismic design specifications of buildings are adopted for this study. Numerical results show that the seismic performance of isolated buildings is not better than the no-isolated one under some near-fault ground motions. Secondly, the isolated building structures retrofitted with supplemental elastic device (SED) or supplemental viscous damper device are analyzed. Parametric studies for the dynamic response of seismic isolated buildings with and without supplemental devices are developed. Analyzed results show that the parameters PGV/PGA ratio and spectral velocity may govern the building response characteristic for input near-fault pulse-like ground motions. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景及目的 1 1.2 研究重點與內容 3 第二章隔震結構之設計理論 4 2.1前言 4 2.2隔震器之介紹及設計原則 4 2.2.1 隔震器之介紹 4 2.2.2 隔震器之設計原則 5 2.3隔震系統之設計要求 5 2.4隔震結構之分析與設計 5 2.4.1 靜力分析方法 6 2.4.2 動力分析方法 10 第三章減震元件之設計理論 13 3.1前言 13 3.2液態黏性阻尼器之介紹及力學性質 13 3.2.1 液態黏性阻尼器之介紹 13 3.2.2 液態黏性阻尼器之力學性質 13 3.3現今含液態黏性阻尼器結構之等效阻尼比 15 3.3.1 結構系統各桿件所貢獻之阻尼比 15 3.3.2 黏性阻尼器所提供之阻尼比 16 3.3.3 含黏性阻尼系統結構之有效阻尼比 18 3.3.4 含線性黏性阻尼器之有效阻尼比 19 3.3.4.1 含線性黏性阻尼器之有效阻尼比-對角斜撐裝置 20 3.3.4.2 含線性黏性阻尼器之有效阻尼比-K型及其他斜撐裝置 21 3.3.5 含非線性黏性阻尼器之等效阻尼比 21 3.3.5.1 含非線性黏性阻尼器之等效阻尼比-對角斜撐裝置 23 3.3.5.2 含非線性黏性阻尼器之等效阻尼比-K型及其他斜撐裝置 23 3.3.6 液態黏性阻尼器之設計 24 3.3.6.1 隔震結構中非線性黏性阻尼器之設計 25 第四章隔震建築物分析例之設計 26 4.1前言 26 4.2分析例一 26 4.3分析例二 41 第五章隔震建築物於近斷層地震反應分析 47 5.1前言 47 5.2地震資料 47 5.3建築模型 48 5.3.1 三層建築物 48 5.3.2 八層建築物 48 5.4近斷層地震反應分析 48 5.4.1 三層與八層建築物之週期 48 5.4.2 輸入El Centro及Kobe地震之分析 49 5.4.3 輸入集集地震之分析 50 5.4.4 基底剪力與PGV/PGA參數及譜速度Sv之關係 51 5.5討論 52 第六章隔震建築物於近斷層地震下耐震性能提昇分析 53 6.1前言 53 6.2地震資料 53 6.3建築模型 53 6.3.1 隔震建築物加裝SED 53 6.3.2 隔震建築物加裝黏性阻尼器 54 6.4近斷層地震反應分析結果 55 6.4.1 隔震建築物分別加裝SED及黏性阻尼器之週期 55 6.4.2 輸入集集地震之分析 56 6.4.3 基底剪力及基底位移與PGV/PGA參數之關係 58 6.4.4 基底剪力及基底位移與譜速度Sv之關係 59 6.5討論 60 第七章結論與建議 61 參考文獻 62 【1】 Chopra, Anlk K., Dynamics of Structures, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1995. 【2】 FEMA, (1997), NEHRP Guidelines and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Reports No. 273 and 274, October, Washington, D.C. 【3】 FEMA, (2001), NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Reports No. 368, Washington, D.C. 【4】 FEMA, (2001), NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Reports No. 369, Washington, D.C. 【5】 James M. Kdly, “Aseismic base isolation: review and bibliography,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol.5, No.3, 1986, pp.202-216. 【6】 Murat Dicleli, Ph.D., P.Eng, “Supplemental Elastic Stiffness To Reduce Isolator Displacements For Seismic-Isolated Bridges In Near-Fault Zones”, Engineering Structures, 2007, Vol.29, No.5, pp. 763-775. 【7】 Raggett, J. D., “Estimating Damping of Real Structures,” Journal of the structural division, Sept., 1975. 【8】 Ramirez, O.M., Constantinou, M.C., Kircher, C.A., Whittaker, A., Johnson, M. and Gomez, J.D.,(2000), Development and Evaluation of Simplified Procedures for Analysis and Design of Buildings with Passive Energy Dissipation Systems, Technical Report MCEER-00-0010, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY. 【9】 Seleemah, A.A., and Constantinou, M.C., (1997), Investigation of Seismic Response of Buildings with Linear and Nonlinear Fluid Viscous Dampers, Report No. NCEER-97-0004, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, New York. 【10】 Wen-I Liao, Chin-Hsiung Loh and Bor-Han Lee, “Comparison of dynamic response of isolated and non-isolated continuous girder bridges subjected to near-fault ground motions,” Engineering Structures, Vol.26, No.14, 2004, pp.2173-2183. 【11】李森枏，SAP2000結構設計實務(V8&V9)，科技圖書，2005，pp.427。【12】建築物耐震設計規範及解說，內政部，第011卷第246期 20051226。【13】建築物耐震設計規範隔震設計及含被動消能系統設計專章研修與示範例研擬，內政部建築研究所研究報告，2006。【14】張國鎮、黃震興、蘇晴茂、李森枏，「結構消能減震控制及隔震設計」，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2004。【15】黃震興、黃尹男，“使用線性黏性阻尼器建築結構之耐震試驗與分析”，國家地震工程研究中心報告NCREE-01-022，2001。【16】黃震興、黃尹男、洪雅惠，“含非線性黏性阻尼器結構之減震試驗與分析”，國家地震工程研究中心報告NCREE-02-020，2002。【17】黃震興、易序良，“使用黏性阻尼器減震結構設計公式修正(I)”，國家地震工程研究中心報告 NCREE-03-012，2003。【18】黃震興、何松晏，“使用黏性阻尼器減震結構設計公式修正(II)”，國家地震工程研究中心報告 NCREE-04-009，2004。【19】黃震興、黃尹男、陳偉松，“LRB 與FVD 隔震系統於近斷層地震之設計”，國家地震工程研究中心報告 NCREE-03-013，2003。【20】陳清泉，建築結構設計原理，財團法人台灣營建研究院，2006，pp.414。 U0006-0202200915420400 黃庭裕 Ting-Yu Huang 可變冷媒流量系統運用於辦公類建築之年均權重性能係數分析 Annual Weighted Mean COP Analysis of Variable Refrigerant Volume System Applied to Office 蔡尤溪碩士國立台北科技大學機電整合研究所 95458507 97 98 中文 82 可變冷媒流量系統部份負載效率動態模擬能源效率比值 Variable Refrigerant Volume system partial load ration dynamic modeling energy efficiency ratio 我國對於空調系統冰水主機性能係數COP標準，採用經濟部能源局所公告之性能標準管制，但是對於窗型冷氣機或分離式冷氣機之設備性能係數標準EER值，並無規範部分負載情況下之性能係數，僅反映冷氣機在單一標準條件下所測得之性能效率，未考慮實際運轉時受到外氣及負載變動所造成之影響，無法真實反應出運轉之性能特性，造成一般民眾僅針對於標稱能力COP、EER值高低判斷性能效率良劣之迷失。本研究以辦公類型建築物為主要分析對象，利用eQuest電腦模擬軟體分析逐時空調負荷，經由動態模擬結果，假設空調系統採用氣冷式定頻系統，與採用可變冷媒流量系統比較。氣冷式定頻系統由eQuest內建數值模擬輸出後，計算其月平均性能係數。可變冷媒流量系統則利用動態逐時之外氣溫度、室內回風溫度、空調負載率等數據，透過統計回歸分析，建立部分負載情況下之性能曲線。將定頻空調系統與可變冷媒流量系統比較，在每月份不同負載率情況下之性能效率差異，發現平均每月份負載率大約介於30％～80％之間。本研究模擬結果亦發現，比較直膨式定頻系統與可變冷媒流量系統月平均系統性能係數，差異大約介於10％～40％。可變冷媒流量系統即是利用良好的變頻控制策略，隨者負載變動改變其製冷能力與消耗電功率，達到節省空調耗能目的，長期運轉下其省能效益將更為明顯。 For the energy performance of chillers in air conditioning systems, the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, has adopted an energy standard regulation. However, there is still no standard for partially load performance for the window-type or multi-split-type air conditioners. The coefficient EER value only reflects the efficiency of an air conditioner under a single condition. It does not consider the influence of outdoor air conditions and load variation for the actual operation. Therefore in general, the confusion with the definition of COP and EER values distract from the actual efficiency of the systems. This research focuses on analyzing the office buildings using eQuest computer program to simulate the air conditioning load. The dynamic simulation results are used to determine the energy consumed by air-conditioning units. In this study air conditioning system that used air-cooled fixed-frequency is compared to the VRV variable refrigerant system. After obtaining the output of Air-cooled fix-frequency system’s numerical simulating data, then calculate the monthly average functional coefficient. By using dynamic outdoor temperature, indoor temperature and air conditioner loading data, a statistical analysis can be made to build a performance curve for partially load. By comparing the fixed-frequency air conditioning systems with VRV variable refrigerant flow system, under the monthly different load situation, we found that the average load is between 30% ~80%. The simulation results of this study also found that the difference of monthly performance coefficient of fixed –frequency system and variable refrigerant flow system is between 10% ~40%. Based on this, it was concluded that the variable refrigerant flow system uses a variable frequency control strategy to change its refrigeration capability and consumption of electric power, so to achieve the energy saving purposes. The energy saving will be more pronounced under longer term operation. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2研究背景與動機 2 1.3文獻回顧 7 1.4研究目的 9 第二章直膨式變頻空調技術之介紹 11 2.1變頻技術發展 11 2.1.1直流變頻技術 12 2.2可變冷媒流量系統介紹 15 2.2.1可變冷媒流量系統特色 16 2.2.2可變冷媒流量技術特點 16 2.2.3可變冷媒流量系統形式 19 2.3國內相關空調節能源規定 21 2.3.1用電指標(EUI)基準值 21 2.3.2綠建築日常節能指標EAC 27 第三章建築物負荷動態模擬 31 3.1 eQUEST3-6簡介 31 3.2 軟體架構及功能 31 3.3 TMY2平均氣象年 37 3.4案例之建築模型建立 38 3.5案例之空調系統架構 40 第四章動態模擬分析 46 4.1 建築物動態模擬負荷 46 4.2 每月份定頻空調系統性能曲線 47 4.3 可變冷媒流量系統部分負載時之修正係數 58 4.4 每月份可變冷媒流量系統特性曲線 63 第五章結果與討論 70 5.1 定頻與變頻系統性能分析比較 70 5.2 月均部分負載權重分析 78 第六章結論 80 參考文獻 81 參考文獻 [1] 蔡尤溪，「住商部門節能實例與效益分析」，能源查核與節約能源研討會發表，2002。 [2] 林憲德，「綠建築解說與評估手冊」，內政部建築研究所，2007。 [3] 楊冠雄，「建築物整體能源系統最佳化研究」，經濟部能源局，1992。 [4] 張世典、楊謙柔、蔡必超，「辦公建築能源管理作業之研究」，建築物能源管理技術研究計畫，經濟部能源委員會，2004。 [5] 經濟部能源局公告各類場所EUI標準，http://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/。 [6] ARI 550/590-1998 Standard for Water Chilling Packages Using the Vapor Compression Cycle [7] 林憲德、黃國倉，「空調熱負荷計算標準研究」，建築能源管理及效率指標研討會論文，2005 [8] DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD, Engineering data of VRV system, EDTWL34-745。 [9] 鄭明仁、宋昭明，綠建築空調節能指標適用於直膨式空調系統的改進研究，碩士論文，2006。 [10] 張裕新，可變冷媒流量儲冰空調系統節約能源之研究，碩士論文，2000。 [11] 楊俊欣，辦公建築空調全年耗能電腦模擬與耗能因子解析，碩士論文，2003。 [12] DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD, Service Manual of VRV system, SiCN34-607。 [13] 黃瑞隆、楊冠雄、李玉生，空調系統冰水主機台數控制節能效益分析，內政部建築研究所，2008。 [14] 莊逸宏“VRV 空調系統於濕熱氣候下之建築物省能效益分析與全尺度實驗印證”，碩士論文，2004。 [15] 張伯弘，醫療類建築空調設備耗能指標之預測參數研究，碩士論文，2006。 [16] 蕭艾玲，學校建築節能設計分析與全尺度實驗印證，碩士論文，2003。 [17] 謝念吟，兩種變風量系統之節能設計模擬分析，碩士論文，2006。 [18] 李瑞淋，變冷媒系統運用於醫療場所之空調節能效益評估分析，碩士論文2008。 [19] 李魁鵬、李建享、蔡尤溪，「建築耗能動態模擬程式在節能技術分析之應用」，能源與冷凍空調學術研討會發表，2005。 [20] 石文星、趙偉、王寶龍，論多聯式空調（熱泵）系統的季節性能評價方法，制冷學報，Jun，2008。 [21] C. Fillipin, Benchmarking the energy efficiency and greenhouse-gases emissions of school buildings in central Argentina, Building and Environment, Vol.35, No. 5, 2000, pp.407-414. [22] ASHRAE STANDARD ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1, Energy standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Building, 2004。 [23] 財團法人綠色生產力基金會節約能源中心，辦公大樓節約能源手冊，2006。 [24] 財團法人工業技術研究院，季節性能源效率說明會，經濟部能源局，2006。 [25] 財團法人工業技術研究院，台灣地區季節性能源效率測算方法草案說明，經濟部能源局，2007。 [26] 財團法人工業技術研究院，小型空調機技術研討會，經濟部能源局，2008。 [27] JRA 4048-2006 Annual Performances Factor of Package Air Conditioners﹝S﹞，The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditionig Industry Association。 [28] GB/T 18837-2002，多聯式空調（熱泵）機組﹝S﹞，GB/T 18837-2002，Multi-connected Air-Condition（heat pumps）Unit﹝S﹞，China。 [29] Shi W X. Zhao W. Wang B L.Part, load performance of Multi-connected Air-Conditioning（heat pump）system With single outdoor unit﹝C﹞，The 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration, Beijing China，Aug,2007 [30] ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Applications, 2003. [31] ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Systems and Equipment, 2004. [32] ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamantal, 2005。 [33] James J.Hirsch ﹠Associates, DOE-2.2 Building Energy Use and Cost Analysis Program Volume 2：Dictionary, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory。 [34] James J.Hirsch ﹠Associates, DOE-2.2 Building Energy Use and Cost Analysis Program Volume 3：Topics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory。 [35] James J.Hirsch ﹠Associates, DOE-2.2 Building Energy Use and Cost Analysis Program Volume 4：Libraries, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory。 U0006-0202200915451000 余沐榮 Mu-Rung Yu 以電極最佳化及雙層抗反射膜提升矽太陽能電池特性之探討 Improving the Silicon Solar Cell Performances by Electrode Optimization and Double Layer Antireflection Coating. 何文章碩士國立台北科技大學光電工程系研究所 95658043 97 98 中文 70 矽太陽能電池抗反射膜電極最佳化 Silicon Solar Cell Anti-reflection Coating Electrode Optimization 本文探討電極之配置及抗反射膜之應用，以獲得矽晶太陽能電池特性之改善。由於矽晶片在波長範圍400-1100 nm，折射率約為3.55-5.57及此波段下矽表面反射率約為31.36-48.38 %左右。首先，我們利用電子槍蒸鍍系統分別蒸鍍外層二氧化矽(SiO2)及內層五氧化三鈦(Ti3O5)雙層抗反射膜來降低其反射率。本文已成功地蒸鍍出反射率隨波長分佈為V型(V鍍膜)與W型(W鍍膜)之雙層抗反射膜。其次，為使電池能有效地吸收太陽光譜及降低反射率，本文也將分別探討V型與W型分佈之雙層抗反射膜對於矽晶太陽能電池的光學及電學相關特性，其薄膜之穿透率與折射率經由光譜儀量測、Film Star商用軟體擬合與分析皆落在合理範圍之內，其中，以W型蒸鍍抗反射膜在波長範圍為400-900 nm下，所得之最佳平均反射率為2.83 %。另外，我們透過設計不同電極寬度及電極間距，藉此尋求最佳化電極配置之條件。最後本文所研製之矽晶太陽能電池大小約為4.36x4.36 mm2，製作完成之電池在AM 1.5Ｇ之太陽光模擬環境下進行元件特性量測，以比較蒸鍍抗反射膜前後對於電池之串聯電阻(RS)、並聯電阻(RSh)、短路電流密度(JSC)、開路電壓(VOC)、填充因子(FF)、及轉換效率(ηC)等特性之影響。其中，電池遮蔽率為10.22%(最佳化設計)，在蒸鍍雙層抗反射膜前，RS=37.42Ω、RSh=1747Ω、JSC=20.94mA/cm2、VOC=0.565V、FF=0.600、η=7.09%，而在蒸鍍完抗反射膜(W鍍膜)後的RS=16.26Ω、RSh=1778Ω、JSC=24mA/cm2、 VOC=0.565V、FF=0.686、η=9.30%，而(V鍍膜)則為RS=10.44Ω、RSh=1744Ω、JSC=24.40mA/cm2、 VOC=0.565V、FF=0.726、η=10.01%(為本文中所得之最高能量轉換效率)。 This article aims at investigating electrode optimization and the application of double layer anti-reflection coating on a simple structure silicon crystalline solar cell s to the cell performance. For a single side polished silicon wafer in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm, the refractive index is 3.55-5.57 and the reflectance absorbed is about 31.36-48.38%. Therefore, the solar cells absorbed effectively solar spectrum and reduced surface reflectance are more important issue. In this work, an electron gun evaporation system used to deposit an exterior layer SiO2 and an interior layer Ti3O5 on the silicon wafer, that is, double layer anti-reflection coating, which shown the reflectance reduced effectively. In this article, we have successfully deposit two type double layer anti-reflection coating with reflectance distribution versus wavelength of W-shape (W coating) and V-shape (V coating). In addition, the effect of double layer anti-reflection coating with W-shape and V-shape distribution on the optical and electrical properties of crystalline silicon solar cell was investigated, respectively. The transmittance and refractive index are fall within reasonable wavelengths range, no matter it is measured spectroscopy, or from data fitting and analysis of Film Star commercial software. We obtain the W shape anti-reflection with average reflectance of 2.83 % in the wavelength range of 400-900 nm. In addition, we design of electrode with different width and spacing. The optimal optimization condition of the electrode by measuring the performance of device was found. Finally in this article, the crystalline silicon solar cell prepared has a dimension of 4.36x4.36 mm2, and the prepared solar cell is performed with device performance measurement under a simulated AM 1.5G condition. We compare the effect on series resistance (RS), shunt resistance (RSh), short circuit current density (JSC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (ηC), etc. of the solar cell before and after the evaporation of double layer anti-reflection coating. Summary, the cell shield ratio is 10.40% (which is the optimal electrode design in this article); before the evaporation of double layer anti-reflection coating, the cell shown RS=37.42Ω, RSh=1747Ω, JSC=20.94mA/cm2, VOC=0.565V, FF=0.600, η=7.09%; after the evaporation of double layer anti-reflection coating (W coating), the RS=16.26Ω, RSh=1778Ω, JSC=24mA/cm2, VOC=0.565V, FF=0.686, η=9.30% was obtained; However, for V coating, RS=10.44Ω, RSh=1744Ω, JSC=24.40mA/cm2, VOC=0.565V, FF=0.726, η=10.01%, which is the highest energy conversion efficiency as obtained in this work). 中文摘要i 英文摘要iii 誌謝v 目錄vi 表目錄ix 圖目錄x 第一章介紹1 1.1 緒論1 1.2 文獻與歷史回顧 2 1.3 太陽能電池的分類2 1.4 SiO2薄膜材料特性4 1.5 Ti3O5薄膜材料特性5 1.6 單晶矽(100)晶向的材料特色5 1.7 研究動機7 第二章太陽能電池原理8 2.1 太陽光光譜8 2.1-1 光伏效應10 2.1-2 太陽能電池的特性參數12 2.2 影響效率的因素15 2.2-1 效率損失的探討16 2.2-2 高效率化技術16 2.3 抗反射膜理論設計17 2.3-1 光學薄膜的反射與透射原理18 2.3-2 單層1/4波長厚度22 2.3-3 雙層1/4波長厚度23 2.3-4 雙層非1/4波長厚度24 2.3-5 自然太陽光譜下抗反射膜的模擬與設計25 第三章研究方法與實驗架構27 3.1 抗反射薄膜的模擬27 3.2 光學薄膜軟體 Film Star 介紹27 3.3 使用儀器介紹28 3.4 矽晶片長晶結構31 3.5 矽晶太陽能電池的製作流程32 3.5-1 去除邊緣厚膜光阻及元件隔離濕式蝕刻33 3.5-2 蒸鍍正面梳型指狀鋁電極36 3.5-3 蒸鍍背面鋁/鈦電極37 3.5-4 蒸鍍正面SiO2/Ti3O5雙層抗反射膜38 3.5-5 蝕刻正面SiO2/Ti3O5雙層抗反射膜(焊墊開窗)41 第四章實驗結果與討論43 4.1 抗反射膜的模擬與特性量測43 4.1-1 單層(Ti3O5)與(SiO2)及雙層1/4波厚(W鍍膜)光學模擬43 4.1-2 單層(Ti3O5)1/4波厚光學量測結果43 4.1-3 單層(SiO2)1/4波厚光學量測結果47 4.1-4 (SiO2/Ti3O5)1/4波厚(W鍍膜)光學量測結果49 4.1-5 (SiO2/Ti3O5)非1/4波厚(V鍍膜)光學模擬50 4.1-6 (SiO2/Ti3O5)非1/4波厚(V鍍膜)光學量測結果51 4.2 矽晶太陽能電池電流及電壓特性量測52 4.2-1 介紹52 4.2-2 抗反射膜對太陽能電池頻譜響應的影響53 4.3 照光時的電流及電壓特性54 4.3-1 無抗反射膜的電流及電壓特性54 4.3-2 (SiO2/Ti3O5)1/4波厚(W鍍膜)的電流及電壓特性55 4.3-3 (SiO2/Ti3O5)非1/4波厚(V鍍膜)的電流及電壓特性56 4.4 無照光的電流及電壓特性58 4.4-1 串聯電阻對於太陽能電池電流及電壓特性的影響59 4.4-2 計算太陽能電池之串聯電阻60 4.4-3 並聯電阻對於太陽能電池電流及電壓特性的影響63 4.4-4 計算太陽能電池之並聯電阻63 第五章結論與未來展望66 參考文獻 68 [1]K. 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U0006-0202200916022300 紀培錦 Pei-Jin Ji 綠色供應鏈中供應商評選模式之研究-以工業電腦供應商為例 Green supplier management and evaluation system: A case study of the industrial PC industry 陳銘崑碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 94488513 97 98 中文 80 供應商評選準層級分析法 VIKOR排序法工業電腦 Supplier Selection AHP VIKOR Industrial PC industry 工業電腦產業具有產品少量多樣化、產品之品質要求高，廠商報酬水漲船高、產品生命週期長，顧客忠誠度高與行銷策略普遍採用間接銷售為主，直接銷售為輔四大特性；而且近年來環保意識抬頭，資訊電子電機相關產品須符合WEEE、RoHS法規的規範，並須將環境因素納入供應鏈生產製造活動考量之中；但環境因素不只涵蓋企業本身，其客戶、相關合作供應商、協力廠皆扮演相當重要之角色，如此，考量環保因素下，將衝擊傳統供應商評選所考慮之因素，例如無鉛製程將衝擊產品可靠度。因此本研究欲檢驗觀察，在將環保因素與傳統供應商評選因素一併納入考量時，產業界之供應商評選因素比重將會產生何種變化。再者，工業電腦產業中之供應商，如何有效配合企業，製作出符合環保規範要求，以及少樣多量化高品質要求等特性，滿足客戶之商品，亦為一項重要議題。本論文使用層級分析法(AHP)為研究方法，來探討工業電腦產業中其供應商之評選準則，並綜合國內外學者之相關文獻研究，及與專家訪談，建立出工業電腦產業其供應商之評選準則要素，歸納為六大構面與19項因子指標，分析結果以供應商之「綠色環保」最為重要，其次為「技術能力」、「服務」、「品質」、「交期」與「價格」；而要因評估指標中以「製程能力」最為重要，其次為「環境管理績效」與「客製化能力」，最後並搭配VIKOR排序法來進行供應商評選排序，挑選出符合之供應廠商。希望透過本研究結果，可提供工業電腦產業在實施供應商評選時有所參考依據，以協助企業能依據客戶的需求，篩選出符合之供應商，快速提供相關產品與服務，來提升企業之競爭能力，創造出更大的價值與獲利空間。 Industrial PC field is an industry that has the characteristics of being diversified-models with less-quantity, requiring high quality of product, having higher profit margin, having high loyalty of customers, being the marketing strategy of selling products indirectly in major and directly in minor. The sense of green overwhelms in recent era, then the electronic/electrical products must comply with WEEE、RoHS directives, and must cover the environmental factor when manufacturing activity is going in supply chain. Nonetheless, the environmental factor covers not only the manufactures themselves, but also their customers, suppliers and related collaborative bodies play the key roles, so, under the consideration of environmental factor, the supplier selection factors will be impacted, for example, the leadless process will impact the products’ reliability. So, this research examines and inspects how the supplier selection factors of the industry will change when has to cover both of the environmental and traditional consideration factors. Furthermore, how the suppliers in the Industrial PC industry collaborate with manufactures to produce products complying with environmental laws and meeting the of high quality and diversified-models with less-quantity requirements to satisfy customers, is also an important topic. This thesis implements Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the research measure for probing the supplier selection principle(s) in the Industrial PC industry, and summarizes the related literatures of scholars in domestic and abroad, interviews with experts in the field to find the criteria of supplier selection principle(s) in the Industrial PC industry. It has concluded 6 factors and 19 indices, resulting that suppliers’ 「Green and Environment Protection」is the most important factor, next are「Technical capability」、「Service」、「Quality」、「Delivery」、「Price」in order, and the most important index of factor(s) is「Process capability」next are「Environment management performance」and 「Process capability」in order. Finally, and with VIKOR methord to sort and select of suppliers. Hope it can provide the reference principle(s) for manufactures in the Industrial PC industry to conduct supplier selection, then help manufactures to select right suppliers according to customers’ demands and deliver products and services in fast, and enhance manufactures’ competency to develop more value and profit margins finally. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍與限制 3 1.4 研究流程 4 第二章文獻探討 5 2.1 綠色供應鏈 5 2.1.1 綠色供應鏈管理定義 5 2.1.2 綠色供應鏈之內容 9 2.2 供應商評選準則 12 2.2.1 供應商評選模式之探討 12 2.2.2 綠色供應商評選模式之探討 15 2.3 工業電腦產業概況 19 2.3.1 工業電腦概述 19 2.3.2 工業電腦產業結構 20 2.3.3 工業電腦特性 22 2.4 層級分析法 26 2.4.1 層級分析法與定義 26 2.4.2 層級分析法之程序 29 2.4.3 層級分析法之應用與比較 31 第三章研究架構與方法 33 3.1 研究架構 33 3.2 層級分析法之研究設計 34 3.2.1 層級構面因素與來源 34 3.2.2 AHP分析 37 3.2.3 VIKOR排序法 41 第四章個案研究 45 4.1 個案說明 45 4.2 AHP之實證結果 46 4.2.1 問卷分析 46 4.2.2 各構面指標之成對比較矩陣 48 4.2.3 各構面指標之特徵值與一致性檢定 50 4.3 整體性分析 52 4.4 使用VIKOR進行供應商之評選 59 4.4.1 供應商原始評估方式 59 4.4.2 VIKOR總評分供應商 63 第五章結論與未來建議 66 5.1 研究結論 66 5.2 未來研究與建議 67 參考文獻 69 附錄 74 參考文獻書籍 [1] 黃惠民、謝志光，物料管理與供應鏈導論，台中市：滄海書局，2000。 [2] 吳萬益、林清河，企業研究方法，華泰書局，台北市，2000。 [3] Saaty, T. 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[57] Tsai, W. H., Hsu, P. Y., Fan, Y. W., Leu, J. D., Cheng, M. S., Chen, Y. W. and Chien, S. W., “An AHP Approach to the Relative Importance Weights of ERP Performance Measures,” the Conference on ERP Research and Practices, Taipei, Taiwan, 2003. 其他 [58] 詹曜鴻，工業電腦產業展望，2005年4月15日。 [59] 鐘慶宇，2006年工業電腦產業展望，2005年11月18日。 [60] 黃秉堅，工業電腦產業，2006年3月3號 [61] 凌華科技(股)公司：http://www.adlink.com.tw/ U0006-0202200916082100 呂芳旭 Fang-Hsu Lu 數位電視通道估測之研究 Channel Estimation Techniques for DVB-T Receiver 尤信程碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598031 97 98 中文 96 DVB-T 數位降頻正交分頻多工通道估測決策回饋自迴歸轉換域處理法 DVB-T Down Sample OFDM Channel Estimation Decision Feedback Auto-Regressive Transform-domain processing 本論文主要研究數位電視通道估測技術，我們利用市面上販售的數位電視機上盒，擷取目前現有的數位電視之中頻訊號，並透過撰寫程式進行解碼。數位電視在通道估測階段前，必須先經過同步的階段，由於是接收目前台灣五家電視台所發射的數位電視訊號，再加上我們所使用的同步方法是使用較簡單好實現的，所以同步結果不能很準確，而這導致在通道估測時會遇到相位旋轉等問題，本論文也針對這問題進行探討，最後得到結論後並提出一套有效方法來處理。至於通道估測部分，實作了一些常被使用且效果不錯的二維線性內插法方法，探討這些方法運用在真實訊號情況下效果為何，並且對於解不好的檔案，去觀察其通道現象，並再使用自迴歸、決策回饋、轉換域處理方法來改善通道估測，最後運用自迴歸和回饋決策的結合來設計一個改善方法，在較低運算複雜度上，使通道估測有顯著改善。 This thesis mainly studies Channel Estimation technique for DVB-T. We use existing DVB-T set-top box to get its intermediate frequency (IF) signal, which is digitized and stored in a PC. After getting the signal we write a program to decode. Before the channel estimation stage, have to finish synchronous stage. It is because we get real signal which broadcasts from five television stations in Taiwan, and synchronous method we used is easy algorithm, so synchronous can''t be very accurate. According to this reason, it makes problems of phase rotate. This thesis also to probe the causes of the phase rotate, and finally we propose a solution to handle it. At the channel estimation stage, we implement some 2D interpolation method which has good effect. For some file after decoding performance is not good, we observe their channel environment. For making estimation accurate, we use some methods which are Auto-Regressive, Decision Feedback, Transform-domain processing, etc. Finally we combine Decision Feedback with Auto-Regressive to design an improvement method. This method can improve performance effective under lower operate. 中文摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與背景 2 1.2 研究方法與目的 2 1.3 章節編排 3 第二章歐規數位電視通道編碼與調變原理 5 2.1 系統規格參數 6 2.2 通道編碼 7 2.2.1 亂碼器 8 2.2.2 外部編碼 8 2.2.3 外部交錯 9 2.2.4 內部編碼 10 2.2.5 內部交錯 11 2.2.5.1 位元交錯器 12 2.2.5.2 符元交錯器 13 2.3 調變技術 13 2.3.1 訊框建構 14 2.3.2 導引信號與傳輸參數信號介紹 15 2.3.3 OFDM調變 17 第三章訊號同步與通道估測 19 3.1 符元同步 19 3.1.1 最大相似估測法 22 3.1.2 整體相似估測法 23 3.2 載波頻率同步 24 3.2.1 頻率細同步 25 3.2.2 頻率粗同步 27 3.3 同步不準確對於通道估測的影響 28 3.4 通道估測與等化 30 3.4.1 最小平方誤差法 31 3.4.2 一維線性內插法 32 3.4.3 二維線性內插法 34 3.4.4 決策回饋(Decision Feedback；DF) 38 3.4.5 自迴歸方法(Auto – Regressive；AR) 40 3.4.6 轉換域處理方法(Transform-domain processing) 41 第四章實驗平台環境說明 43 4.1 數位處理前端 43 4.2 訊號同步與通道解碼 45 4.3 檔案取得與實驗結果數據之說明 47 4.4 相鄰符元相位差之修正方法 50 4.4.1 非同步取樣頻率之解決方法 50 4.4.2 絕對相位斜率計算法 51 4.4.3 相對相位斜率計算法 56 4.5 FFT window位置之選擇 58 第五章實驗結果 62 5.1 實際應用通道估測之實驗結果 62 5.2 DF之實驗結果 73 5.3 AR之實驗結果 76 5.4 轉換域處理之實驗結果 79 5.5 通道估測方法之結合 83 5.6 各改善方法實際對於通道改善 90 第六章結論與未來展望 92 6.1 結論 92 6.2 未來展望 93 參考文獻 94 [1] 李卓澔，數位電視通道解碼及解調變之實作，台北：國立台北科技大學碩士論文，2006。 [2] TS2PS v1.06, http://www.dvbcn.com/Down/ts/tszh/051211262478.htm [3] K-Lite Mega Codec Pack, http://www.free-codecs.com/download/K_Lite_Mega_Codec_Pack.htm. [4] Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frame structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television, European Standard (EN) 300 744 V1.5.1, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Nov. 2004. [5] ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000, Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video, Cor 1:2002. [6] ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s -- Part 3: Audio, Cor 1:1996. [7] ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000, Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems, Cor 2:2002. [8] Jan-Jaap van de Beek, Magnus Sandell, and Per Ola Borjesson “ML Estimation of Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 45, No. 7, pp.1800–1805, July 1997. [9] K. Ramasubramanian and K. Baum,“An OFDM Timing Recovery Scheme with Inherent Delay-Spread Estimation,”IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, vol. 5, pp. 3111-3115, November 2001. [10] Y.-J. Kim, D.-S. Han, and K.-B. Kim, “A new fast symbol timing recovery algorithm for OFDM systems,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 1134 - 1141, Aug. 1998. [11] L. Erup, M. F. Gardner and R.A. Harris, “Interpolation in Digital Modems. II. Implementation and Performance,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 998– 1008, June 1993 [12] Ting-An Lin, Chen-Yi Lee, “Predictive Equalizer Design for DVB-T System”, ISCAS, May 2005 [13] Y. Zhao and A. Huang, “A novel channel estimation method for OFDM mobile communication systems based on pilot signals and transform domain processing,” Proc. IEEE 47th Vecicular Technology Conference, Phoenix, USA, May 1997, pp. 2089-2093 [14] 王品鈞，適用於OFDM系統之可變長度快速傅立葉轉換處理器設計與實現，國立中央大學碩士論文，2006。 [15] S. Coleri, M. Ergen, A. Puri and A. Bahai, “A Study of Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun, vol. 2, pp. 24-28, Sep. 2002. [16] 洪子捷，數位電視廣播之通道估測與等化器設計，國立交通大學碩士論文，2008。 [17] Y.-S.Lee, H.-N. Kim, S. I. Park, S. I. Lee, “Noise reduction for channel estimation based on pilot-block averaging in DVB-T receivers,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 52, pp. 51-58, Feb. 2006. [18] Y.-S.Lee, H.-N. Kim, S. I. Park, S. I. Lee, “Noise-Robust Channel Estimation for DVB-T Fixed Receptions,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 53, pp. 27-32, Feb. 2007. [19] 馬英豪，應用於數位電視廣播系統之通道等化器設計，國立交通大學碩士論文，2006。 [20] 尤信程,林信標,鄭獻勳,劉玉蓀，數位廣播接收機之原理及實作，全華，2007。 [21] 許國瑋，數位電視地面廣播系統通道解碼之腓特比解碼器實現，國立中央大學碩士論文，2005。 [22] 陳怡如，數位電視地面廣播基頻收發機之設計，國立台灣大學碩士論文，2004。 [23] National Instruments PCI-5122 High-Resolution Digitizer data sheep：http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/13309。 [24] Minjian Zhao, Peiliang Qiu, Jinhua Tang, “Sampling Rate Conversion and Symbol Timing for OFDM Software Receiver,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions, Vol.1 pp.114-118, July 2002. [25] S.Liu, J. Chong, “A Study of Joint Tracking Algorithms of Carrier Frequency Offset and Sampling Clock Offset for OFDM-based WLANs,” IEEE International Conf. Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions, Vol. 1, pp.109-113, July 2002. [26] Dong Kyu Kim, Sang Hyun Do, Hong Bae Cho, Hyung Jin Choi and Ki Bum Kim3, “A New Joint Algorithm of Symbol Timing Recovery and Sampling Clock Adjustment for OFDM Systems,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, pp.1142-1149, 1998. [27] DVB-T Simulator, http://dante.diei.unipg.it/~baruffa/dvbt/index.php [28] Visual C++ 6.0之Profile功能測試各個function的執行時。http://140.114.76.148/jang/mir/technicalDocument/vc6_profile/ [29] 台灣數位電視天線方向調整參考：http://dvbt.kennykuo.idv.tw/gmap/taipei.asp U0006-0202200917570100 謝揚盛 Yang-Sheng Hsieh 濾網效能與設計對空調耗能之研究 A Study of Filter’s Efficiency and Design on the Power Consumption Air-Conditioning Systems 蔡尤溪 Yew-Khoy Chuah 碩士國立台北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班 94458510 97 98 中文 129 室內空氣品質濾網 ΔP 粉塵耗電量風扇性能 eQUEST Indoor Air Quality Filter ΔP Particle Power Consumption Fan Performance Law eQUEST 在一般商業場所、辦公場所等居室空間；因為粉塵量增加，將造成室內空氣品質低落，影響人體健康，如果利用空調循環系統裝設過濾網予以收集，將可以有效過濾空氣中的懸浮微粒，初級濾網保護機器設備，中效率濾網保護人員呼吸系統健康。但是裝置過濾設備後將導致系統壓損ΔP增加；導致空調耗電量增加。尤其政府積極推動節能減碳政策；因此本研究收集市面上銷售中的各式初級濾網、中效率濾網的材質及效能；利用台北市某商業建築物做全年空調負載分析，再針對空調箱選用不同的空氣過濾網進行整年度的耗電量及電費的模擬比較。本研究收集市面上銷售中的各式初級濾網及中效率濾網的材質、壓降及效能分析。發現在相同的過濾效能情況下，採用不同材質的過濾網，將產生不同的運轉及壓降性能曲線，導致耗電量差異更大。本研究利用風扇性能方程式進行模擬計算，分別採用未加裝過濾設備的空調箱與加裝不同的過濾設備的空調箱進行運轉1年總耗電量的比較；發現使用壓損最小的初級濾網及中效率濾網空調箱的耗電量約增加150％；如果選用壓損最大的初級濾網及中效率濾網空調箱的耗電量約增加250％。依據分析全年空調負載；風車的耗電量約佔整個中央空調系統的30％；因此增加250％是很可觀的耗電量，所以選用合適且壓損低的空調過濾網相對十分重要；依照上述比例，如果選用不適合的空調過濾網，不僅耗能且電費上升造成長期的無謂浪費。 In commercial spaces, working places or living environment, indoor air quality can get worse as dust quantity increases. Human body feels uncomfortable when exposed to such environment. By using air conditioning with air filters, airborne particles would be collected and removed from the air. A primary filter would protect equipment form malfunction and a medium efficiency filter would create a cleaner environment that prevent harm to the human respiratory system. But installing filters increases a system pressure drop ΔP which makes power consumption of fans higher than before. Government promotes the energy conservation and carbon reducing policy positively. Therefore this research collects the performance data of various types of primary filter and medium efficiency filters in the market, in related to the filter material and quality. Based on a Taipei commercial building annual air conditioning load distribution, energy analysis of different filters in different air conditioners are implemented and compared to simulation power consumption and electrical cost. This research collects various types of primary filter and medium efficiency filter which have different material quality, pressure drop and effectiveness in the market. This research results show that in the same filtration efficiency, using different material quality of a filter will have the different pressure drop performance curve. That means the power consumption difference would be larger. By use of the computed fan performance equation, total power consumption per year was calculated for conditions that one with and the other without filters installed. Results show that the one uses lowest primary filter and the medium efficiency filter, fan power consumption increases approximately by 150%, while using a highest efficiency filters the fan power consumption increases approximately 250%. According to annual air conditioning load analysis, the fan power consumption approximately constitutes 30% of the entire central air-conditioning system. Therefore 250% more power consumption is very considerable. It is concluded that it is important to select a right filter to lower the power consumption, and so the electrical bill. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 x 第一章　緒論 1 1.1簡介 1 1.2研究目的與動機 2 1.3 研究方法與流程 5 1.4 文獻回顧 6 第二章空氣過濾系統之過濾設備 8 2.1室內空氣污染物分類 8 2.2濾網的組成及構造 9 2.3 濾網效率分類 11 2.4濾網的性能驗證標準 14 2.5空調應用於建築系統解析 17 第三章空氣過濾系統理論模式 23 3.1濾網集塵原理概述 23 3.2重力沉降（gravitational settling） 25 3.3離心衝擊(centrifugal impaction) 28 3.4慣性衝擊(inertial impaction) 29 3.5直接截取(direct interception) 30 3.6擴散運動(diffusion motion) 31 3.7靜電吸引(electrostatic attraction) 33 3.8計算過濾器在各種微粒直徑下的效率 38 第四章過濾系統案例分析 40 4.1耗能模擬軟體eQUEST概述 40 4.2建築案例分析與模擬 42 4.3模擬案例採用定風量系統耗電值分析與模擬 46 4.4模擬案例採用變風量系統耗電值分析與模擬 70 第五章空調系統生命週期解析 96 5.1建築物空調設備工程造價分析 96 5.2空調電費計算說明 96 5.3定風量空調設備運轉費用分析 100 5.4變風量空調設備運轉費用分析 110 第六章綜合討論與結果建議 122 參考文獻 128 參考文獻 [ 1 ] Thurston, http://www.ehponline.org/cehp/docs/2003/111-1c/pm_tc.html [ 2 ] J.Hickey,Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology,Informa Health Care, Second Edition, 2003. 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[ 19 ] 環保署,室內空氣品質資訊網,http://www.indoorair.org.tw/. [ 20 ] 吳旭聖、江旭政,微粒過濾裝置效率檢測方法與規範. [ 21 ] 伍玉平，潔淨成形污染控制之氣流組織分析與研究，碩士論文，中山大學,高雄,2002. [ 22 ] 曾昭衡，室內空氣品質報告,台北科技大學http://www.cc.ntut.edu.tw/~tsengco/ [ 23 ] 蘇慧貞,行政院衛生署,室內空氣品質與健康， http://210.244.49.140/medical/ U0006-0202200918295800 陳柏霖 Po-Lin Chen HTML巢狀結構格式化的最佳化動態規劃演算法 A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for the Optimization of Nested HTML Formatting Structure 陳偉凱 Woei-Kae Chen 碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598013 97 98 中文 54 HTML 格式化動態規劃最佳化 HTML Formatting Dynamic Programming Optimization HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language)是網際網路上網頁呈現的語言，在HTML中，一個標記(tag)所包覆的範圍內可以有其他的HTML標記，構成巢狀的標記結構。網頁製作者使用所見即所得的網頁編輯工具即可建立網頁，但是，這些工具所產生的HTML檔案，在經過反覆地對HTML本文做格式化設定後，往往會在巢狀結構中不同深度的位置，產生相同的格式化設定，無形中會增加HTML的標記，增加檔案的大小，降低傳輸效率。本論文提出一個動態規劃(Dynamic Programming)演算法做巢狀格式的最佳化，使最佳化後的網頁與未最佳化網頁的HTML語意是相同的，但卻能減少HTML標記，達到縮小檔案大小的目的。 HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language) is the language to present a web page on the internet. In HTML, an HTML tag can contain some other HTML tags. This is called a nested HTML formatting Structure. A web page can be easily built by using a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) HTML Editor. However, when the format of the web page is edited repeatedly, redundant formatting tags often appear in different depths of a nested HTML formatting structure. This will increase the number of HTML tags, leading to a larger file size and lower transfer efficiency. In this thesis, we propose a dynamic programming algorithm to optimize nested HTML formatting structures. Our optimization algorithm decreases the size of an HTML file without changing its semantics. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌　謝 iii 目　錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機及目的 3 1.3 論文組織架構 4 第二章相關研究 5 2.1 HTML標準與巢狀格式化結構 5 2.2 HTML最佳化工具 9 第三章最佳化動態規劃演算法 13 3.1 最佳化目的 13 3.2 最佳化子結構 15 3.3 遞迴解 16 3.4 計算最小成本 18 3.5 建構最佳解 26 第四章演算法實作 30 4.1 開發環境 30 4.2 實作 33 4.2.1 最佳化目標 33 4.2.2 建立屬性樹 33 4.2.3 計算屬性排列的最小成本 34 4.2.4 修改屬性排列 40 4.2.5 產生最佳化HTML 43 4.3 其他最佳化手段 43 第五章最佳化工具使用範例 44 5.1 HTML最佳化程式 44 5.1.1 檔案選擇區塊 45 5.1.2 最佳化選項 46 5.1.3 HTML樹狀結構檢視 46 5.2 範例一：單一屬性值最佳化 48 5.3 範例二：多個屬性值最佳化 49 5.4 範例三：表格屬性值最佳化 51 第六章結論 53 參考文獻 54 [1] W3C, http://www.w3.org/ [2] HTML 4.01 Specification, http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/ [3] Jacqueline Spiesser, Les Kitchen, “Optimization of HTML Automatically Generated by WYSIWYG Programs,” Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, pp.355-364, 2004. [4] CSS, http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/ [5] CYK (Cocke-Younger-Kasami)演算法, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYK_algorithm [6] Glasgow Haskell Compiler, http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ [7] HTML-Optimizer, http://www.tonbrand.nl/ [8] HTML Compact, http://www.antssoft.com/htmlcompact/index.htm [9] Absolute HTML Compressor, http://www.alentum.com/ahc/index.htm [10] Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein, “INTRODUCTION TO ALGORITHMS, SECOND EDITION,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2001. [11] CyberNeko HTML Parser, http://nekohtml.sourceforge.net/ [12] Xerces2 Java Parser, http://xerces.apache.org/xerces2-j/ U0006-0202200920191000 巫奇穎 Chi-Ying Wu 同步化聲光非破壞檢測研探類岩材料於貫切破壞之群刀效應 Automatic Synchronization of Acoustic and Optic Nondestructive Techniques to Investigate the Group-cutter Effect during Indentation Fracture of Rock-like Material 陳立憲碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428026 97 98 中文 95 電子點紋干涉術聲射非破壞檢測同步化雙刀貫切臨界間距裂端微塑區 Electronic speckle pattern interferometry Acoustic emission Nondestructive testing Synchronization Double-indenters Critical space Process zone 囿於台灣地理環境之侷促，使得地下空間之開發與使用方興未艾，因此各項地下掘削開挖工程案例日增，但機械式開挖掘削機制之瞭解卻仍渾濛。回顧機械式隧道掘進工程，考量切削刀頭與岩體間互制行為乃至破壞機制之極近域場研探甚少，本研究乃以雙刀式正向楔形貫切破壞試驗（normal wedge indentation fracture test）簡化模擬實務鑽掘工程之多刀楔切削行為，藉以探討機械開挖之接觸破壞模式，並配搭複合式非破壞檢測：(1) 光學電子點紋干涉術（electronic speckle pattern interferometry, ESPI）及(2) 聲射（acoustic emission, AE）技術；進而以LabVIEW程式建構同步化（synchronization）自動數據擷取，以探究此項接觸互制行為之叢聚、初裂與裂衍等系列破壞特徵。本研究於雙刀貫壓位置下方某深度，採用裂縫開口位移（crack opening displacement, COD）作為回饋控制訊號，求得完整峰前、峰後之加載歷程，以進行相關破壞演化之觀察。受貫壓之類岩（rock-like）試體以水泥砂漿行之。於無圍壓狀態下，變化雙刀間距作為主要變數，以理析開挖機具群刀互制之力學行為；進而探求群刀效應之臨界間距（critical space）。因電子點紋干涉術具高精度（微米）且非接觸式之即時、全域性觀測等優點，並配合二者耦合可同步進行另一非破壞聲射技術供檢驗材料內部微震裂源之定位，相關貫切破壞試驗之定量觀測。本研究所得結果計可研探： (1) 峰前延性破壞之彈-塑性發展及脆性破壞時機與方位，亦即峰前變形連續（displacement continuous）之彈-塑性界面往臨界發展趨勢；及變形不連續（displacement discontinuous）之初裂與裂縫演化。 (2) 峰後脆性破壞之裂尖微塑區（process zone）發展。 (3) 求得群刀效應之相對臨界刀距約為3.0～3.2之間。最後綜合實驗、理論及分離元素法之數值解析作一比對，以驗證同步化聲光非破壞檢測之適確性，並資以求解雙刀互制效應之破壞機制。目錄中文摘要 i 英文摘要 iii 誌謝 v 目錄 vi 表目錄 ix 圖目錄 x 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 1 1.3 研究方法與範圍 2 1.4 研究內容與架構 3 第二章文獻回顧 5 2.1 貫切破壞行為之問題描述 5 2.1.1 延性破壞：變位連續之孔洞擴展模式 8 2.1.2 脆性破壞：變位不連續之線彈性破壞力學模式 13 2.2 電子點紋干涉術之沿革 16 2.2.1 干涉之面內與面外位移 18 2.2.2 電子點紋干涉術量測原理 19 2.3 聲射技術之沿革 23 2.3.1 聲射技術基本原理 24 2.3.2 聲射技術定位準則 26 第三章試驗設置與執行 28 3.1 試驗材料之選用 29 3.2 正向楔型貫切破壞試驗之架設 32 3.2.1 雙刀楔形正向貫切 35 3.3 非破壞檢測之建置 37 3.3.1 光學儀器架設 37 3.3.2 聲學儀器架設 44 3.4 試驗校正檢驗 46 3.5 同步化非破壞檢測軟體 50 3.5.1 自動化影像擷取儲存 51 3.5.2 聲射訊號擷取儲存 53 3.6 同步化聲、光試驗執行應用 55 第四章試驗結果與分析 57 4.1 試驗材料參數相關說明 61 4.2 單刀與雙刀正向貫切破壞之巨觀行為 63 4.3 雙刀貫切之材料破壞歷程 70 4.3.1 光學監測與加載歷程 70 4.3.2 彈-塑性區發展演變 77 4.4 裂尖微塑區發展 80 4.4.1 比對材料內、外微裂縫發展 80 4.5 雙刀互制之破壞能量分析 83 4.6 實驗與理論、數值解析之驗證 85 第五章結論與建議 87 5.1 結論 87 5.1.1 類岩於雙刀貫切之影響 87 5.1.2 非破壞檢測同步化之成果 88 5.2 建議 89 參考文獻 91 附錄A：實驗相關資料與圖片 A-1 附錄B：委員意見回覆表 B-1 符號對照表 C-1 關鍵詞中英文及縮寫對照表 D-1 [1] 王紹宇，分離元素法於接觸破壞之刀刄磨耗與雙刀效應之模擬暨耦合有限差分法之數值初探，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2008。 [2] 江明軒，FLAC耦合PFC2D應用於雙楔刀貫切破壞之初探，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2008。 [3] 李昶佑，應用電子點紋干涉術探討岩石貫切過程之破壞演化及破裂特徵，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2006。 [4] 李峰政，Minimum LP-Norm相位展開技術應用於電子斑點干涉術之研究，碩士論文，國立中興大學機械工程系，台中，2004。 [5] 金昆翰，開發同步化聲光非破壞檢測於類岩材料受雙刀式貫切破壞之研析，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2008。 [6] 林郁修，分離元素法於岩石貫切破壞試驗之模擬分析，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2007。 [7] 林建志，水泥砂漿材料強度參數之研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2003。 [8] 林雍勝，岩石貫切破壞之圍壓與刀楔影響及其對應之聲射演化，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系，台北，2006。 [9] 胡光宇，複合式非破壞檢測佐探類岩材料於單刀與雙刀貫切之破壞機制，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2007。 [10] 陳家豪，巴西試驗之音射定位分析研究，岩盤工程研討會論文集，2004。 [11] 廖志信，岩石材料中音射發生源之位置探測研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學土木工程系，台南，1993。 [12] 蔡昇哲，應用非破壞檢測之聲射法於岩石貫切破壞試驗之探討，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系，台北，2005。 [13] 劉峵瑋，以非破壞耦合試驗研探類岩材料受楔型貫切破壞之側向自由邊界效應，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系，台北，2007。 [14] 蘇億峰，磨耗效應與側向邊界對岩石貫切破壞之數值模擬，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系，台北，2008。 [15] Almenara, R. and Detournay, E., "Cutting Experiments in Sandstones with Blunt PDC Cutters," In Proc. 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U0006-0202200921500600 許致豪 Chih-Hao Hsu 二氧化鈦奈米管合成技術及其應用在染料敏化太陽能電池之電極 Synthesis TiO2 nanotube and applied in dye sensitized solar cell electrode 陳志恆碩士國立台北科技大學材料科學與工程研究所 94338013 97 98 中文 110 二氧化鈦染料敏化太陽能電池迴流法 Titanium dioxide:Dye sensitized solar cell reflux method 本實驗利用迴流法來製備二氧化鈦奈米管，並且使用不同的二氧化鈦粉末(P25、Anatase、Rutile)、溫度(130℃、160℃、190℃)、時間(12h、24h、48h、96h)、氫氧化鈉濃度(5M、10M)來探討合成機制。其中發現二氧化鈦在強鹼中溶解會以TiO3-存在於水溶液，並且利用溶解-沉澱成長的方式，來成長為管狀外形，跟以往文獻相比，並非由捲曲法來形成奈米管結構。我們所合成出來的奈米管長度可達微米以上，管徑在100奈米以下；在成長的過程中亦可發現片狀(sheet)，奈米帶(nanoribbon)的存在，片狀長寬不超過1微米，奈米帶則是長近1微米寬100奈米以下。而各種形貌的形成與二氧化鈦在氫氧化鈉中的溶解度有關。至於結構方面，原本銳鈦礦或是金紅石的特性峰會在迴流過程中逐漸減弱消失，取而代之的是鈦酸鹽構造，但可經由酸洗的方式，將鈉離子置換出來，同時再加熱至450℃以上，可回到銳鈦礦或是金紅石的結構。 On this study,we use reflux method to synthesize titanium dioxide nanotubes, and the use of different titanium dioxide powder source(P25, Anatase, Rutile) and heat temperature (130 ℃, 160 ℃, 190 ℃), and reaction time (12h, 24h, 48h , 96h) and concentration of sodium hydroxide (5M, 10M) to explore the synthesis mechanism. Which found that titanium dioxide dissolved in alkali to TiO3-exist in aqueous solution, and the use of dissolution - precipitation growth approach with a view to grow into tubular shape, compared with the previous literature, not by law to the formation of nanometer curly tube structure. We synthesized nanotubes by length of microns up to more than 100 nm in diameter; in the process of growth can also be found in sheet (sheet), nano-band (nanoribbon) the existence of flake length and width not more than 1 micron, nanotechnology is long with nearly 1-micron width of 100 nm. While the formation and morphology of titanium dioxide in the solubility of sodium hydroxide. As regards the structure, the original anatase or rutile return characteristics of the summit in the process of gradually weakened disappeared and been replaced by titanate structure, but can be by way of pickling will be out of sodium ion replacement, at the same time re-heated to above 450 ℃ can be returned to anatase or rutile structure. 目錄中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 v 圖目錄 vi 第一章前言 2 1.1 前言 2 1.2 太陽能電池 2 1.2.1 矽晶太陽能電……………………………………….4 1.2.2 薄膜太陽能電池…………………………………….5 1.2.3 化合物太陽能電池………………………………….5 1.2.4 有機太陽能電池…………………………………….6 1.2.5 染料敏化太陽能電池……………………………….6 1.3 染料敏化太陽能電池…………………………………………8 1.4 染料敏化太陽能電池結構…………………………………13 1.4.1 半導體電極…………………………………………14 1.4.2 染料……………………………………………....15 1.4.3 電解質………………………………………………18 1.4.4 對電極………………………………………………20 1.5 研究目的……………………………………………………21 第二章文獻回顧 .......................................22 2.1 DSSC電極 .......................................22 2.1.1 二氧化鈦性質………………………………………22 2.1.2 各種TiO2結構應用在DSSC電極……………………28 2.2 合成二氧化鈦方法 ..............................32 2.2.1常見合成方式........................... 32 2.2.1.1 氯化法………………………………………….33 2.2.1.2 溶膠凝膠法…………………………………….33 2.2.1.3 水熱法………………………………………….34 2.2.1.4 微乳液法……………………………………….35 2.2.1.5 化學氣相沉積法……………………………….35 2.3 二氧化鈦奈米管 ..............................36 2.3.1溶膠凝膠法…………………………………………37 2.3.2板模製造法(Template)、陽極氧化法(anodic oxidation)...............................................38 2.3.3 水熱法……………………………………………39 第三章實驗方法…………………………………………………….45 3.1實驗方法…………………………………………………45 3.1.1二氧化鈦奈米管製備……………………………45 3.1.2 DSSC 組裝………………………………………46 3.2 儀器分析……………………………………………46 3.2.1 XRD分析…………………………………………..46 3.2.2 SEM分析……………………………………………47 3.2.3 ICP分析……………………………………………47 3.2.4 BET分析……………………………………………48 3.2.5電性測量……………………………………………48 第四章結果與討論……………………………………………………51 4.1 二氧化鈦奈米管合成條件………………………………51 4.1.1以P25為起始粉末合成二氧化鈦奈米管……………51 4.1.2 以純Anatase為起始粉末合成二氧化鈦奈米管64 4.1.3 以純Rutile為起始粉末合成二氧化鈦奈米管…76 4.2 二氧化鈦奈米管形成機制………………………………… 89 4.3 酸洗的影響……………………………………………… 100 第五章結論與建議……………………………………………… 103 參考文獻…………………………………………………………104 參考文獻 1. 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Mater.15 1310-1318(2005) U0006-0202200923460000 陳奐妤 Huan-Yu Chen 台灣百年老店經營之關鍵成功因素 The Key Success Factors of Taiwan Long-standing Stores 廖森貴碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488019 97 98 中文 94 台灣百年老店分析網路程序法 Taiwan long-standing stores Analytic Network Process 百年老店老字號品牌不僅在消費者心中留下印記，也是台灣經濟發展中老祖先留下的資產。根據調查，國內企業存活率73.5％，而5年內關廠歇業的企業多達25萬家；相較之下，台灣卻有存在近一世紀的老店。本研究期望對台灣百年老店經營之關鍵成功因素進行深入的探討，藉由初步的探索性研究，為百年老店之經營提供更有利的發展利基。本研究之研究方式透過文獻研究與問卷訪談7專家先確認台灣百年老店經營成功關鍵為『產品構面』、『經營管理構面』、『內部組織構面』、『外部環境構面』、『歷史意義構面』五大構面，再利用訪談問卷調查台灣百年老店經營者計12人，再利用分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process, ANP)探討台灣百年老店經營之關鍵成功因素。本研究實證分析結果為：台灣百年老店經營關鍵構面以『產品構面』及『經營管理構面』最重要；『產品構面』以『產品品質』準則最重要；『經營管理構面』構面以『卓越的執行力』準則最重要；『內部組織構面』以『經營者的風格』準則最重要；『外部環境構面』以『誠信的生意原則』準則最重要；『歷史意義構面』以『產品具歷史意義』準則最重要。整體影響因素以『產品構面』之『產品品質』及『品牌形象』準則最重要。 The brands of Taiwan long-standing stores are not only keeping the memory in consumers’ mind, but also the asset of Taiwan economic development. According to the domestic research, the survival rate of domestic companies is 73.5%, and there are more than 2500 thousands companies close the business in recently five years. Contrarily, there are some stores operating more than a hundred year. Therefore, our research expects to find the key factors to the success Taiwan long-standing stores which offer some useful information to domestic companies. First, we find out some suitable key factors through probing into literatures, survey and interview of seven scholars and experts. These scholars and experts confirmed five major facets of “products”, “operating management”, “internal organization”, “external environment” and “historic meaning”. Before further looking into the key factors to success by means of Analytic Network Process (ANP), we interviewed 12 professionals through questionnaire survey. The results of empirical analysis indicate that among the key facets of Taiwan long-standing stores, “products” and “operating management” are the most important ones. In terms of “products”, such factor of “the quality of products” is of the top importance. In the aspect of “operating management”, “excellent execution” is the most important one. In the aspect of “internal organization”, “the style of leader” is the most important one. In the aspect of “external environment”, “honesty” is the most important one. In the aspect of “historic meaning”, “the historic meaning of products’ is the most important factor. In terms of the factors of overall influence, the “the quality of products” and “the image of Taiwan long-standing stores’ brands” of the “products” form the factors of top importance. 摘要 i Abstract ii 致謝 iii 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 vii 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機 2 1.3 研究目的 3 1.4 研究方法及流程 4 1.5 論文結構 6 第二章、文獻探討 7 2.1 百年老店 7 2.2 資源基礎理論 10 2.3 關鍵成功因素 18 2.4 平衡計分卡 22 2.5 百年老店相關文獻與其關鍵成功因素 25 2.6 分析網路程序法 37 第三章、研究方法 42 3.1 研究架構 42 3.2 問卷設計 45 3.3 分析方法 47 第四章、研究分析與結果 48 4.1 信度與效度檢定分析 48 4.2 第一階段問卷 49 4.3 專家問卷分析分析網路程序法 53 第五章、結論與建議 70 5.1 研究結論與貢獻 70 5.2 管理意涵與建議 73 5.3 研究限制與未來研究方向建議 75 參考文獻 77 附錄 81 〈中文部份〉 1. 程道琳 (2007)，影響地方工藝特色產品特徵價格因素之研究，國立台北科技大學商業自動化管理研究所碩士論文。 2. 林永慶 (2005)，產業轉型關鍵成功因素之探討—以Ａ企業為例，國立台北科技大學商業自動化管理研究所碩士論文。 3. 廖文祿 (2005)，以電子業管理模式為例探討企業核心價值對於管理活動之影響，國立清華大學工業工程管理學系工程碩士論文。 4. 黃麗華 (2000)，國內資訊電子廠商核心能力、成長策略與經營績效之研究，中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。 5. 高秀如 (2001)，以資源基礎觀點探討航空貨運承攬業核心能力及其對營運績效影響之研究，國立海洋大學航運管理研究所碩士論文。 6. 丁吉祥 (2007)，國內流通業核心能力與競爭策略之比較分析-以量販業為例，大葉大學事業經營研究所碩士論文。 7. 劉思治 (2002)，從關鍵成功因素及資源基礎觀點探討休閒事業之競爭優勢—以西子灣休閒度假中心為例，國立中山大學國際高階經營管理研究所碩士論文。 8. 董家成 (2004)，家具店經營關鍵成功因素之研究﹘以日月光國際家飾館內之家具店為例，大葉大學事業經營管理研究所碩士論文。 9. 林建勳 (2005)，核心能力指標之實證研究-以台灣行動電話製造廠為例，國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。 10. 謝佳宏 (2002)，「核心能力觀點下台灣工具機企業新事業發展類型之探討」，東海大學工業工程與經營資訊研究所碩士論文。 11. 黃兆春 (2003)，企業卓越與靈活經營之研究-以台灣製造業為例，東海大學管理研究所碩士論文。 12. 郭明秀 (2001)，高階經營團隊與組織運作、競爭優勢、競爭策略及經營績效之關係研究－傳統產業與高科技產業之比較，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。 13. 陳茂成 (2003)，企業永續經營關鍵因素之研究，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。 14. 馮淑亭 (2004)，品牌形象、品牌策略與品牌價值之關係研究--以郭元益公司為例，育達商業技術學院企業管理所碩士論文。 15. 黃ㄧ誠 (2004)，傳統糕餅產業成長策略之研究─以百年老店【玉珍齋】為例，中華大學建築與都市計畫研究所碩士論文。 16. 黃汝 (2004)，臺灣百年老店接班人生涯發展歷程之敘說分析--以老雪花齋為例，國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學研究所碩士論文。 17.黃怡達 (2005)，探討國際快遞業的燃油附加費用合併運價策略，國立高雄第一科技大學運籌管理研究所碩士論文。 18. 林建煌「策略管理」(2003)，智勝出版社，第194頁。 19. 黃營杉「企業政策」（1993），國立空中大學 20. 黃營杉「策略管理」(1999)，華泰出版社。 21. 吳思華「策略九說: 策略思考的本質」(1996)，臉譜出版，第125-143頁。 22. 司徒達賢「資源基礎理論與企業競爭優勢關係之探討」(1995)，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告。 23. 張尊禎「台灣老字號」(2004)，上旗文化。 24. 宋聯可、吳應泉 (2004)，「百年老店怎樣煉成的」，北京東方出版社。 25. 張依依 (2004)，「世紀老招牌」，商周出版社。 26. 莊尚平(2000)，「資源基楚理論下持久競爭優勢之整合性架構初探」，國立台灣科技大學工業研究所碩士論文。 27. 吳銘軒(2007)，「文化創意產業關鍵成功因素之探討---以三地門琉璃珠產業為例」，國立屏東商業技術學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。 28. 高福泉(2007)，「數位互動電視發展暨關鍵成功因素之研究-以中華電信MOD為例」，開南大學企業與創業管理學系碩士論文。 29. 楊嘉文(2003)，「台灣家族企業關鍵成功因素之研究」，長榮大學營管理研究所碩士論文。 30. 傅明德(2004)，「台商赴大陸經營鋼鐵業關鍵成功因素(KSF)之研究」，國立中山大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。〈英文部分〉 1. 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Hamel, G. & Prahalad, C. K., (1994) U0006-0207200911144600 何東明 Tung-Ming Ho 整合TRIZ與四階段QFD於主力產品和潛力產品之研究—以工業電腦為例 Using the Synergy of TRIZ and Four-Phase QFDs to Analyze the Primary and Potential Products — A Case Study of Industrial Personal Computer（IPC）葉繼豪碩士國立台北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所 96378519 97 98 中文 106 創新構思問題解決理論（TRIZ) 四階段品質機能展開（QFD1-QFD4) 工業電腦 Triz Four-Phase QFDs Industrial Computer 近年來，全球工業電腦產業間的競爭越趨激烈，許多企業認為研發能力與產品的創新，為企業維持競爭力的關鍵，故各大企業紛紛考慮將其資源投入於研發與創新，並且隨著消費者意識之抬頭，「滿足顧客需求」遂成為企業所追求之目標。為此，企業必須以滿足顧客需求為其研發之最高指導原則，進而不斷的在其產品創新，以維持其競爭優勢。然而，創新研發往往是個曠日費時的工作又具有高度的不確定性，如何及早確認研發方向並衡量其創新效益，是一項重要的研究議題。有鑑於此，本研究特以工業電腦中的主力產品數位電子看板與潛力產品博奕機為研究案例，利用情境模擬來降低進入潛力市場不確定風險，並整合TRIZ與4QFD理論應用，以期在早期產品開發階段中利用4QFD將顧客需求，轉化為相關之產品規格，使得企業之研發方向得以符合顧客之所需；並以TRIZ理論為其創新方法之參考依據，以確保創新的可行性，而提升產品規格之潛在效應，得以在研發投入前提早確保創新效益，並分析潛力產品市場之風險以及找出共同性與差異化之重要零組件。 Recently, the Global Industrial PC Market is become more competitive. In order to maintain the competition advantage, many of company had believed that enhance the R&D Capability and Products Innovation as a key of success. Therefore, many company had starting consider to allocate more resources on products research and development field. In order to increase the Market Share, the “Customer Satisfaction” had become a major target of the company. The company needs to consider the customer satisfaction as a major concern during design and develop the products. Continuously products innovation will keep the company one step ahead compare with other competitor. However, the resource that is involved on products research and innovation will cause a huge investment of the company. Additionally, this huge investment will not guarantee to get successful products that are accepted by the market. Therefore, how to ensure the research and innovation direction is able to fulfill the market requirement becomes one of the important research topics. In this case, this project is based on the most popular Industrial PC products, Digital Signage and the Gambling-Slot Machine. This project is using a simulation that involves both TRIZ and four-phase QFDs theory to reduce a risk for products while penetrates a potential market. Using four-phase QFDs to consider the customer requirement during the design state will help to develop a product, which can fulfill the customer satisfaction, and to ensure the research direction is on a right way; By theory of TRIZ as a innovation method, It can ensure the possibility of the innovation can able to enhance the products capability and specification as a potential effectiveness. Therefore, It can ensure the effectiveness and the advantages of the innovation before decide to develop a products. And analyse the risk of the product market of potentiality and find out share the important spare part. 摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 2 1.2 研究目的 4 1.3 研究範圍與限制 6 1.4 研究步驟與流程 6 第二章文獻探討 8 2.1 產品企劃 8 2.1.1 產品企劃的目的與意義 8 2.1.2 產品企劃的重要性 10 2.1.3 產品屬性之分類 11 2.1.4 市場區隔的定義與目的 15 2.2 四階段品質機能展開（4QFD） 18 2.2.1 品質機能展開的意義 18 2.2.2 品質屋 19 2.2.3 品質展開四個階段 22 2.2.4 產品企劃與品質機能展開 23 2.2.5 品質機能展開的效益 24 2.3 創新構思問題解決理論（TRIZ） 25 2.3.1 TRIZ之簡介 25 2.3.2 工程問題常見的矛盾 26 2.3.3 矛盾矩陣表與39參數 27 2.3.4 40創新發明法則 32 2.3.5 TRIZ單一工程特性對應的創新法則方法 41 2.3.6 整合TRIZ與4QFD之優勢 45 2.4 文獻總結與思考 46 第三章研究方法 47 3.1 主力產品（數位電子看板）四階段品質機能展開 48 3.1.1主力產品（數位電子看板）第一階段品質機能展開 48 3.1.2 主力產品（數位電子看板）第二階段品質機能展開 54 3.1.3 主力產品（數位電子看板）第三階段品質機能展開 56 3.1.4 主力產品（數位電子看板）第四階段品質機能展開 58 3.1.5 主力產品（數位電子看板）QFD1－QFD4之矛盾點 60 3.2 潛力產品（博奕機）四階段品質機能展開 60 3.2.1 潛力產品（博奕機）第一階段品質機能展開 60 3.2.2 潛力產品（博奕機）第二階段品質機能展開 63 3.2.3 潛力產品（博奕機）第三階段品質機能展開 64 3.2.4 潛力產品（博奕機）第四階段品質機能展開 66 3.2.5 潛力產品（博奕機）QFD1－QFD4之矛盾點 67 3.3 利用TRIZ創新解決四階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 68 第四章運用TRIZ創新發明進行構思提案 70 4.1 主力產品與潛力產品第一階段品質機能展開之建議可行方案 70 4.2 主力產品與潛力產品第二階段品質機能展開之建議可行方案 77 4.3 主力產品與潛力產品第三階段品質機能展開之建議可行方案 83 4.4 主力產品與潛力產品第四階段品質機能展開之建議可行方案 87 4.5主力產品與潛力產品QFD1－QFD4建議方案探討 92 第五章結論與未來研究方向 95 5.1 研究結論 95 5.2 未來研究方向 96 附錄 A TRIZ矛盾矩陣表 101 [1] 葉繼豪，研發管理，台北科技大學，2007。 [2] 張書文、戴華亭，產品設計與開發：普林斯頓國際有限公司 [3] 詹曜鴻，工業電腦產業展望，亞東投顧，2007。 [4] 姜台林，TRIZ發明問題解決理論：宇柯文化出版有限公司。 [5] 品質機能展開研究小組，品質機能展開法－如何有效掌握顧客需求：先鋒企業管理發展中心。 [6] 傅和彥，品質機能展開：前程企業管理公司。 [7] 吳政豫，探討新產品創新研發之產品企劃階段的關鍵成功因素，以我國的電源供應器產業為例，碩士論文：輔仁大學，2004。 [8] 王韋懿，產品設計企劃之研究，碩士論文：銘傳大學，2005。 [9] 李傳德，從價值鏈觀點看工業電腦產業營運模式之比較，碩士論文：交通大學，2005。 [10] 楊長林，新產品開發、設計與定位、流程、績效評估之整合性管理研究，博士論文：台灣科技大學，2002。 [11] 許君平，新產品開發流程，碩士論文：中央大學，2004。 [12] 劉俊昇，新產品開發階段之產品特性設計，以反光材料為例，碩士論文：中央大學，2001。 [13] 黃耀鋒，技術創新型產品之市場區隔研究，以數位相機為例，碩士論文：台灣大學，2002。 [14] 許奉文，台灣數位相機市場區隔研究，特徵價格分析法，碩士論文：台灣科技大學，2005。 [15] G.. 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Barbara, "Some Practical Considerations in Market Segmentation",Journal of Marketing Research Vol. VX，1978。 [53] 蘇學恭，左右研發品質的關鍵－產品企劃，品質月刊Vol. 23，2003。 [54] 黃永東，整合TRIZ和QFD的創新產品規劃之探討，品質月刊Vol. 64，2005。 [55] 葉繼豪，創新研發與創新思維執行力，品質學會發行，2009。 U0006-0207200912212900 林明國 Ming-Kuo Lin 具有不同晶格厚度與肋線厚度之心血管支架機械力學分析 Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Coronary Stents with Different Thickness of Cells and Links 賴明鈞 Ming-Jun Lai 碩士國立台北科技大學機電整合研究所 96408082 97 98 中文 117 血管支架有限元素分析疲勞壽命 Coronary Stent Finite Element Analysis Fatigue Life 本文設計兩類心血管支架，一類中各組支架為晶格厚度與肋線厚度相同的對照組，另一類中各組支架則為肋線厚度與晶格厚度不同的實驗組。首先利用PRO-E繪圖軟體建構支架模型，再將模型匯入有限元素分析軟體-ANSYS進行模擬，以探討心血管支架的晶格厚度與肋線厚度不同的情況下，支架受氣球擴張膨脹後的各種機械力學行為，如最大應力值、徑向變形、軸向變形、縮短率、狗骨效應程度、撓曲度與疲勞壽命等結果，並從中比較分析兩類支架的優缺點。同時，本文亦探討不同的氣球體擴張壓力下，對各種模擬結果會有什麼樣的影響。研究結果顯示，縮小肋線厚度的過程中，支架的最大應力值會變小，且發生位置將從支架的徑向肋線與晶格交接處漸漸轉移至軸向肋線與晶格交接處。因此，若能夠適度地縮小支架的肋線厚度，將可使支架適度地膨脹，最大應力值反而變小；而且可改善支架的撓曲性與提升其使用壽命，同時亦可減少金屬支架經氣球膨脹後與血管的接觸表面積，以減輕血管再度造成阻塞的可能性。 This thesis uses the finite-element-analysis software to investigate the mechanical behavior, such as maximum stress, radial deformation, axial deformation, foreshortening, dogboning, flexibility, and fatigue life, of expanded coronary stents with different thickness of cells and links. This thesis also makes a study of the mechanical behavior of stents with different bolloon-expanding pressures. The simulation results show that, during the reduction of link thickness, the location of the maximum stress will transfer from radial links to axial links and its value becomes smaller. Therefore, if the link thickness is properly reduced, the stent can properly expand and the maximum stress lowers in value. The reduction of link thickness can also improve the flexibility and the fatigue life of the stents and decrease the surface contact area between the expanded metal stent and vascular wall. As a result, the possibility of coronary occlusion after the stent is implanted may become less. 中文摘要.....................................i 英文摘要.....................................ii 誌謝.........................................iii 目錄.........................................iv 表目錄.......................................vi 圖目錄.......................................viii 符號說明.....................................xii 第一章緒論.................................. 1 1.1 前言..................................... 1 1.2 心血管疾病治療方式....................... 5 1.3 文獻回顧.................................12 1.4 研究動機.................................20 第二章血管支架簡介與分類....................22 2.1 血管支架簡介.............................22 2.1.1 血管支架歷史...........................22 2.1.2 血管支架設計需求.......................29 2.1.3 血管支架的市場現況.....................32 2.2 血管支架應用.............................34 2.3 血管支架分類.............................37 2.3.1 血管支架材料分類.......................37 2.3.2 血管支架幾何構造分類...................40 2.3.3 血管支架覆蓋物分類.....................43 2.3.4 血管支架擴張類型分類...................44 2.3.5 血管支架功能分類.......................44 第三章血管支架的力學分析....................45 3.1 血管支架材料.............................45 3.2 血管支架繪圖.............................51 3.2.1 選用之血管支架.........................51 3.2.2 血管支架繪製過程.......................54 3.2.3 血管支架模型之設計.....................56 3.3 氣球體擴張壓力...........................61 3.4 力學模擬分析流程.........................63 3.5 力學分析結果.............................67 3.5.1 應力分析...............................67 3.5.2 變形分析...............................75 3.5.2.1 徑向變形.............................75 3.5.2.2 軸向變形與縮短率.....................79 3.5.2.3 狗骨效應.............................85 3.5.3 撓曲性分析.............................88 3.5.3.1 給定彎矩負載.........................88 3.5.3.2 撓曲度計算...........................89 3.5.3.3 撓曲度結果分析.......................89 3.6 力學分析結果與討論.......................91 第四章血管支架的疲勞分析....................96 4.1 疲勞壽命分析介紹.........................96 4.1.1 疲勞壽命法.............................96 4.1.2 疲勞失效理論...........................97 4.1.3 變動負載...............................98 4.2 疲勞壽命模擬分析流程.....................100 4.3 疲勞壽命分析結果與討論...................102 第五章結論與未來展望........................106 5.1 結論.....................................106 5.2 未來展望.................................107 參考文獻.....................................108 作者簡介.....................................117 [1] 行政院衛生署國人十大死因統計網頁，http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=10642&class_no=440&level_no=3。 [2] American Heart Association美國心臟協會，http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml。 [3] 林芝安，”《搶救中風》第一時間該做什麼？”，康健雜誌，pp. 170-176，2008年12月。 [4] 洪嘉蔚，”急性缺血性腦中風之早期治療”，北市醫學雜誌，第4卷，第9_S期，pp. 890-898，2007年。 [5] American Stroke Association美國腦中風協會，http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1200037。 [6] 王宇，”外科英漢漢英醫學字典”，旺文出版社，2001年。 [7] 黃瑞仁，”冠狀動脈心臟病”，日新雜誌，第二期，pp. 203-205，2004年1月。 [8] 黃瑞仁，”冠狀動脈心臟病的診斷與治療”，日新雜誌，第三期，pp. 208-215，2004年8月。 [9] 吳琦森，”心臟導管在兒童心臟病之應用”，北市醫學雜誌，第四卷，第七期，pp. 611-617，2007年7月。 [10] 高雄榮總藥劑部，”抗血脂藥物”，高雄榮民總醫院，藥劑部藥物常識專欄，2008年。 [11] 敏盛醫院心臟外科，”心血管手術的新趨勢-微創冠狀動脈心臟病手術”，敏盛綜合醫院，醫療知識專欄，2007年12月。 [12] 李明龍、陳守義，”心血管支架流場動力及結構力學分析”， NCHC電子報，第二十四期，2008年3月，http://www.nchc.org.tw/tw/e_paper/sub_subject/index.php?EPAPER_ID=51&SUB_SUBJECT_ID=47 。 [13] 鄭佳玲，”冠狀動脈疾病治療─塗藥支架與傳統支架之臨床結果與醫療費用分析”，醫療機構管理研究所碩士論文，台灣大學，2007年。 [14] Meyer Elbaz, Elyes EI Mokhtar, Joelle Fourcade, Sami Mourali, Robert Hobeika, Didier Carrie, Jacques Puel, “Does Stent Design Affect the Long-Term Outcome After Coronary Stenting?,” Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 305-311, 2002. 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U0006-0207200913273500 呂志輝 Chih-Hui Lu 中小企業的VoIP整合於傳統按鍵電話系統應用之研究與實作 Study of VoIP Integrated with the Traditional Key Telephone System for Small and Medium Enterprise Applications 賴柏洲 Po-Chou Lai 碩士國立台北科技大學電子電腦與通訊產業研發碩士專班 96E18003 97 98 中文 150 電信網路網際網路語音協定按鍵電話系統會議初始協議閘道器 PSTN VoIP KTS SIP Gateway 在過去，傳統的電信網路(Public Switched Telephone Network；PSTN)與網際網路(Internet)分屬不同通訊網路，電信網路僅單純的用來傳輸類比語音及傳真，而網際網路則是處理數位文字、資料的傳送。由於不斷更新的數位信號處理能力，結合網際網路與電話多功能技術，衍生出新的應用與產品服務，網際網路語音協定(Voice over Internet Protocol；VoIP)應用也越來越廣泛，透過網路傳送語音、檔案、影像、文字…等訊號，不僅打破傳統電信市內、長途、國際電話收費標準，並隨著傳統電話與行動電話的技術發展，VoIP更能提供多元化的加值服務。事實上，VoIP的應用和服務行之有年，中小企業建置率卻偏低，其主要原因在多數人的思維一直著重在節省通訊費的成本方向，而忽略了如何在現今的高速網路架構下及企業內相關的通訊設備上，有效的規劃利用來建置一套具體且節省相關設備投資費及話費的可行方案，利用方便性、經濟且有效的整合手段，真正達到增加企業通訊效率及節費的目的。本論文主要研究VoIP的語音技術相關內容及與傳統的按鍵電話系統(Key Telephone Systems；KTS) 設備介接技術，透過會議初始協議（Session Internet Protocol；SIP）代理伺服器及VoIP閘道器（Gateway）結合PSTN網路，設計、製作一個企業內網路電話（IP Phone）的嶄新系統實例，本論文結果的貢獻能使中小企業及家庭、個人用戶皆可享受到無限免費網路通訊的方便性，同時可降低企業系統建置費用及通話費用，並享受各式各樣的電信加值服務。 In the past, a traditional Public Switched Telephone Network （PSTN） and the Internet are two individual communication networks, where PSTN is purely used for analog voice calls and fax while the Internet network deals with those digital information. The advancement of digital signal processing technologies combined with the Internet and telephone functionalities, has resulted in newer applications and services. Voice over Internet Protocol（VoIP）applications have enabled different uses including voice, data, images, and text etc. over Internet. Not only the bill of city, long distance and international call in the traditional telephone model can be eliminated, more diverse services through the extension of traditional and mobile phone facilities are provided. VoIP applications and services have been on the market for several years, but the adoption rate in medium-to-small enterprises was commonly lower than expected. The main factor is in antiquated thinking where communication costs often received fewer budgets, and neglected the fact that corporate communications should be built on the high-speed network infrastructure. An effective solution to establish the practical and cost effective communication system is a necessity in today’s corporate management – where the convenience and economical integration models can truly target the enterprise cost saving and unlimited free calls. In this thesis, we focus on integrated technology between VoIP equipments and traditional Key Telephone Systems（KTS）and are to organize a real world case study by integrating Session Internet Protocol（SIP） proxy server and VoIP Gateway to the PSTN network. A new IP Phone system for internal communications is designed and implemented in a corporate environment. The results of this thesis may benefit the small and medium enterprises, ordinary home offices, and individual users access to the convenience of unlimited and free VoIP communication. At the same time, it may help lower the cost of enterprise system infrastructure and calling fees, in addition to the diverse telecommunication services that comes with the technology. 目錄中文摘要 i 英文摘要 iii 誌謝 v 目錄 vi 圖目錄 x 表目錄 xiii 第一章緒論 1 1.1研究的背景與動機 1 1.2研究的範圍與目的 2 1.3研究的內容與架構 2 第二章 VoIP的架構技術之研究 4 2.1 VoIP的基本概念 4 2.2基本原理與架構 5 2.3 VoIP的發展歷程 8 2.4 VoIP的基本功能與好處 9 2.4.1利用主幹線替換的架構 11 2.4.2利用主幹線與支路替換的架構 12 2.4.3利用點對點IP網路替換的架構 13 2.5 VoIP主要組成元件 13 2.5.1 IP網路 13 2.5.2管理伺服器 14 2.5.3閘道器 15 2.5.4用戶終端機 17 第三章 VoIP的通訊協定介紹及比較 19 3.1 H.323通訊協定 21 3.2 H.323通訊協定分析 23 3.3 MGCP通訊協定 31 3.4 SIP通訊協定 34 3.4.1 SIP的基本功能概述 35 3.4.2 SIP的主要特徵介紹 37 3.4.3 SIP的主要架構與組成元件 39 3.4.4 SIP的語法與訊息格式 43 3.4.5 SDP概述 52 3.4.6 SAP概述 56 3.5 VoIP三大主流協定比較 56 3.6 VoIP的服務品質(QoS) 58 3.6.1影響服務品質的因素 58 3.6.2 VoIP的服務品質改善方法 60 第四章 VoIP網路介面的應用分析 62 4.1主要架構分析 62 4.2 xDSL技術概述 64 4.2.1 ADSL介紹 65 4.2.2 xDSL技術的應用範圍 66 4.3 NAT的技術概述 67 4.4 VoIP的類比介面 69 4.5 VoIP與無線網路的語音服務技術介紹 71 4.5.1 VoIP for WLAN(WiFi) 73 4.5.2 VoWLAN系統概述 75 4.5.3 VoIP for 3G 76 4.5.4 3G與WiFi技術的比較 78 第五章 VoIP與KTS整合實例設計與實作 79 5.1總公司電話網路系統現況調查 79 5.1.1現況背景與環境評估 79 5.1.2系統規劃需求 81 5.2成本效益分析 82 5.3可行性分析 84 5.4系統設備建置說明 85 5.4.1環境與作業介紹 86 5.4.2設備需求與功能應用 90 第六章整體電話網路系統設計計劃 99 6.1設計原則 99 6.2系統計劃基本架構 100 6.3系統設定與功能介紹 101 6.3.1路由器（Router）的設定 101 6.3.2無線路由器(WLAN/AP)的設定 108 第七章實例測試成果分析 110 7.1整體VoIP系統運作架構 110 7.1.1台北總公司系統架構圖 110 7.1.2上海分公司系統架構圖 111 7.1.3動態的IP系統架構圖 112 7.1.4整合後實際網路電話系統架構圖 113 7.2系統應用與操作流程 114 7.2.1系統參數說明 115 7.2.2基本撥號功能說明 117 7.2.3 VoIP系統語音品質評量與量測分析 122 7.2.4 VQManager實際量測結果分析： 126 第八章結論 136 8.1本論文研究結果效益分析 136 8.2未來研究方向 138 參考文獻 140 附錄A 台北總公司系統實作記錄 143 附錄B 上海分公司系統實作記錄 149 參考文獻 [1]陳宏宇編著，VoIP網路電話技術，文魁資訊股份有限公司，台北，11月，2006，第2-20-2-25頁。 [2]賴薇如、逢愛君、江為國、張林煌和陳懷恩編著，網路電話與系統應用，維科圖書有限公司，台北，4月，2007，第149-173頁。 [3]賈文康編著，SIP會談啟始協議操典，文魁資訊股份有限公司，台北，6月，2008，第一、二章。 [4]H.323 Standards.(http://www.packetizer.com/voip/h323/standards.html） [5]陳政良，H.323與SIP之VoIP閘道器架構探討，碩士論文，亞東技術學院，台北，第3-7頁，2005。 [6]孫行得，網路電話架構之實測研究，碩士論文，國立高雄第一科技大學，高雄，第11-35頁，2006。 [7]Q.931: ISDN Network Layer Protocol for Signaling. （http://www.javvin.com/protocolQ931.html） [8]RFC 1889 - A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications （http://www.packetizer.com/rfc/rfc.cgi?num=1889） [9]H. 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Photo penetration into living tissue is highly dependent on the absorption and scattering properties of tissue components. The near-infrared region of the spectrum offers certain advantages for photon penetration, and both organic and inorganic fluorescence contrast agents are now available for chemical conjugation to targeting molecules. Furthermore, employing NIR fluorophores in biological imaging significantly reduced the back ground signal due to the lowest autoabsorption and atuofluorescence of biolmolecule in the long-wavelength region of spectrum. We employed benzimidazole iminocoumarin as the synthetic synthon to synthesized a series of derivations and studied their photophysical properties. The benznmidazol iminocoumarine derivatives synthesized rein exhibited emissions spectra in the red or NIR region. The fluorescence quantum yield ranges from 10 to 90%. 摘要 . i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 第一章前言 .7 第二章文獻回顧與探討 ..8 2.1 文獻架構 ..............................................8 2.2 發光的方式 ..........................................9 2.2.1 化學發光 ......................................9 2.2.2 物理發光-螢光與磷光發光原理 10 2.3 螢光的定義及介紹............................. 11 2.4 自體螢光 ............................................ 12 2.4.1 生物發光之例子-水母 ................ 12 2.4.2 生物組織中發光物質 ................. 15 2.5 次級螢光 ............................................ 17 2.5.1 生物檢測與醫療影像 ................. 18 2.5.2 自體螢光與次級螢光應用於活體內檢測的缺陷 .. 20 2.6 長波長螢光染劑的開發 ...................... 20 2.6.1 長波長螢光劑的應用－生物晶片（microarray） ..... 21 2.6.2 長波長螢光劑的應用－免疫分析（immunoassay labels）. 22 2.6.3 長波長螢光劑的應用－利用螢光共振能量轉換偵測Caspase 3活性 23 2.6.4 長波長螢光染劑的不足 ............. 25 2.7 近紅外光（near-IR）螢光染劑 .......... 26 2.7.1 近紅外（near-IR）光譜分析技術的優勢 ..... 26 2 2.7.2 近紅外（near-IR）光譜儀的開發........ 27 2.7.3 近紅外光螢光染劑之應用－偵測過氧化物 ........... 30 2.7.4 近紅外光螢光染劑之應用－偵測與腫瘤相關的蛋白.活性 . 34 2.7.5 近紅外光螢光染劑之應用－偵測一氧化氮 ...... 36 2.7.6 現今已使用之長波長螢光劑 ...... 37 第三章研究動機與目的 ................................ 40 3.1 研究目的 ............................................ 40 3.2 研究動機 ................. 40 第四章實驗方法與設備 .................................. 43 4.1 儀器與詴藥 ......................................... 43 4.1.1 實驗儀器 ..................................... 43 4.1.2 實驗試藥44 4.2 實驗方法與流程 ................................... 45 4.2.1 Synthesis of 9-Dibutylamino-5-imino-5H-7-oxa-4b,13-diaza-indeno[2,1-a]anthracene-6-carbonitrile 1b 45 4.2.2 Synthesis of 2a及2b........................ 46 4.2.3 Synthesis of 3a及3b................................ 48 4.2.4 Synthesis of 4a及4b.................... 49 4.2.6 紫外光/可見光光譜儀（UV-visible spectra）測試 . 50 4.2.7 螢光光譜儀（Fluorescence Spectrometer）測試 50 4.2.8 量子效率（Quantum yield，.）之量測 .... 50 第五章結果與討論 ........ 52 5.1 化合物全合成 .................................... 52 5.2 化合物1、2、3、4的光學性質 ........ 54 3 5.2.1 化合物1a、2a、3a、4a在DMSO溶劑下的紫外光/可見光光譜儀（UV-visible spectra）測試 ..................... 55 5.2.2 化合物1a、2a、3a、4a在DMSO溶劑下的螢光光譜儀（Fluorescence Spectrometer）測試 ............... 56 5.2.3 化合物1b、2b、3b、4b在DMSO溶劑下的紫外光/可見光光譜儀（UV-visible spectra）測試 ...................... 57 5.2.4 化合物1b、2b、3b、4b在DMSO溶劑下的螢光光譜儀（Fluorescence Spectrometer）測試 ................. 58 5.2.5 化合物1a、2a、3a、4a在DMSO溶劑下的光學性質 ...... 59 5.2.6 化合物在不同溶劑下的紫外光/可見光光譜儀（UV-visible spectra）及螢光光譜儀（Fluorescence Spectrometer）測試 .62 5.2.7 化合物1a、2a、3a、4a在不同溶劑下的光學性質 ..... 68 第六章結論 ....... 71 參參考文獻 ... 72 [1] Arnaud C. 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U0006-0207200916154900 游瑋森 Wei-Sen Yu 高職學生類科選擇自我決定之研究―以中投考區為例 A Study on the Self-Determination toward Choosing Vocational Program among Vocational Students in Taichung-Nantou Area 林俊彥 Chin-Yen Lin 碩士國立台北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所 95498035 97 98 中文 99 類科選擇自我決定自主支持動機 choosing vocational self-determination automony-supportive motivation 本研究旨在探討中投考區高職學生在類科選擇時的自我決定情形。研究目的包括：1.探討高職學生類科選擇自我決定的程度、2.探討高職學生類科選擇動機之內涵及其與自我決定的關係、3.探討高職學生類科選擇自主支持與類科選擇動機的關係、4.比較不同背景變項的高職學生在類科選擇自我決定的差異。根據問卷分析與討論，提出本研究之結論與建議，俾利學校及父母親等教育有關單位對學生在類科選擇時之輔導與推行適性教育之參考。本研究採用問卷調查法，以中投考區高職學生為研究對象，抽取中投考區13所高職學校，共計520份問卷，有效問卷為473份，有效問卷回收率90.9%。以自編「高職學生類科選擇自我決定問卷」，採用統計方法為次數分配、平均數、標準差、t檢定、單因子變異數、皮爾森積差相關及Scheff’e事後比較法。本研究獲得主要結論如下：一、高職學生類科選擇動機與自我決定程度呈高度正相關，且類科選擇自主支持程度與類科選擇動機呈高度正相關，與自我決定理論符合。二、整體而言，中投考區高職一年級學生在類科選擇時的自我決定程度屬於中等程度，其中約有五成一的學生認為自己選擇自己想要的類科，但仍有四成三的學生認為自己無法念自己所想要的類科。三、高職學生在類科選擇時，家人為最主要的自主支持來源，其次為師長，最後為同儕或朋友。四、中投考區高職一年級學生在類科選擇時的自我決定程度，女生顯著高於男生；私立學校的學生顯著公立高於學校；申請入學的學生顯著高於登記分發；父親教育程度為大學的學生顯著高於研究所；母親教育程度為專科的學生顯著高於高職。 The objectives of this study include: 1.To discuss the degree of self-determination for choosing vocational fields in Taichung-Nantou area. 2.To discuss the relationship between choosing motivations and the degree of self-determination. 3.To discuss the relationship between autonomous support and choosing motivations. 4.To compare the degree of self-determination between senior vocational students who come from different backgrounds. According to the analysis and discussion of questionnaires, this study will provide some suggestions for education related staffs (i.e. parents, school and so forth) to guide students to choosing the vocational fields. The questionnaires are conducted by sampling 520 senior vocation students from 13 vocational high schools in Taichung-Nantou area. The efficacious fill-in rate is 90.9%. The analysis methods involve descriptive statistic (i.e. frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation), t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Scheffe multiple comparison. The results were as follows: 1.There is a high positive correlation between students’ motivations for choosing vocational fields and degree of self-determination. Furthermore, the relationship between the degree of support and motivation for choosing fields are also high positive correlated. This result confirms to the theory of self-determination. 2.In general, vocational freshmen from Taichung-Nantou Area possess medium degree to self-determine the vocational fields. About 51% students select fields which they really wanted. Oppositely, about 43% students can not choose his interesting fields. 3.The family plays the most important role for vocational students to select field, the next is teacher and finally is the classmate or friend. 4.To compare the degree of self-determination by different backgrounds, results ndicate that schoolgirls are higher than schoolboys, private schools are higher than public schools, entrance application is higher than registration and assignment, given the situation of father with educational background of undergraduate is higher than graduate, whereas mother with educational background of college is higher than vocational education. 中文摘要....................................................................................i 英文摘要..................................................................................iii 目　　次...................................................................................v 表　　次........................................................................... ......vii 圖　　次..................................................................................ix 第一章緒論...............................................................................1 第一節研究緣起與動機 ..............................................................1 第二節研究目的與待答問題........................................................6 第三節研究範圍與限制...............................................................7 第四節研究方法與步驟...............................................................8 第五節重要名詞釋義.................................................................11 第二章文獻探討.......................................................................13 第一節高職多元入學方案與考區劃分..........................................13 第二節自我決定理論.................................................................19 第三節類科選擇之相關研究.......................................................37 第四節文獻綜合評析.................................................................40 第三章研究設計與實施..............................................................43 第一節研究架構........................................................................43 第二節研究對象........................................................................44 第三節研究工具........................................................................46 第四節調查實施........................................................................52 第五節資料處理........................................................................55 第四章研究分析與討論..............................................................57 第一節樣本特性分析與討論........................................................57 第二節高職學生類科選擇自我決定調查表分析..............................61 第三節研究變項相關分析...........................................................68 第四節不同背景變項學生之差異分析...........................................70 第五章結論與建議.....................................................................77 第一節結論...............................................................................77 第二節建議...............................................................................81 參考文獻...................................................................................85 附錄.........................................................................................93 一、焦點團體訪談記錄...............................................................93 二、正式問卷............................................................................95 三、作者簡介............................................................................99 壹、中文部份內政部（2008）。人口政策白皮書。2008年10月15日，取自：http://www.ris.gov.tw/ch9/0970314.pdf。王秀槐（2006）。大學生的科系選擇－正視大學生科系志趣不合的問題。高等教育研究電子報，1，14-24 四技二專聯合登記分發委員會（2008）。中投考區97學年高中高職申請入學簡章。2009年5月10日。取自： http://dhcp.tcgs.tc.edu.tw/exam/www/97paper-p.pdf 行政院經濟建設委員會（2006）。2015經濟發展願景。2008年12月30日，取自：http://www.cepd.gov.tw/dn.aspx?uid=1325。吳明隆（2003）。SPSS統計應用實務。臺北：松崗。吳毓津（1997）。大學生科系選擇因素的分析—以中央與政治大學為例。國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。林大森（2006）。技術學院與科技大學新生主修科系轉換之分析。教育與社會研究，10，93-124。林世哲（1993）。內在動機在運動競技上的研究與啟示。國立體育學院論叢，3(2)，109-123。洪素蕙（2003）。國中學生因應高中高職多元入學方案生涯決策歷程之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。高嘉慧（2002）。動機。載於郭靜晃編：心理學概論（165頁-182頁）。台北市：揚智文化。張春興（1991）：現代心理學。台北市：東華書局。教育部（2009）。97學年度高級中等學校概況統計。2009年4月30日，取自：http://www.edu.tw/files/publication/B0013/96highPrint.xls 曹春隆（2000）。專科學生升學與選擇校系態度之研究。大業大學工業關係研究所碩士論文。許建民（2006）。青少年休閒參與動機模式之建立與驗證。國立體育學院體育研究所博士論文。陳麗如（2004）。大學會計系學生科系選擇影響因素之探討。國立彰化師範大學會計學研究所，彰化。黃仲凌、高俊雄（2005）。台灣離島大專學生休閒參與動機與滿意之相關研究。大專體育學刊，7(1)，51-66。黃光國（1998）。知識與行動。台北：心理出版社。黃雅琤（2005）。國中畢業生因應高中多元入學方案升學選擇歷程之研究-以屏東女中為例。屏東師範學院教育行政研究所碩士論文。黃福來（1981）。高中學生選組狀況及其影響因素。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。黃德祥（1994）。青少年發展與輔導。台北市：五南圖書。鄧志平（1995）。高中生選擇大學主修科系決策歷程之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導學系碩士論文。盧俊宏（1994）。運動心理學。台北市：師大書苑。貳、英文部份 Anderseen, N., & Wold, B.(1992). 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U0006-0207200917363600 曾柏青 Po-Ching Tseng 應用效率前緣線的概念發展新產品開發活動時間與資源需求估計之決策支援系統 Applying the efficiency frontier concept to develop a decision support system for estimating time and resource requirements of a NPD activity. 王河星碩士國立台北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所 96378040 97 98 中文 37 新產品開發效率前緣線決策支援系統 New product development efficiency frontier decision support system 為了協助新產品開發活動時間與資源需求之估計，本研究將發展一新產品開發活動時間與資源需求估計之決策支援系統。新產品開發的過程中，有許多影響的因素，像是所投入的經費、參與開發的人力資源、使用的設備等等，這些因素往往都是決定新產品開發成功與否的關鍵。為了追求最低之新產品開發活動時間與資源需求投入時數，本研究運用DEA中的效率前緣線概念開發新產品開發活動時間與資源需求估計之決策支援系統，來輔助新產品開發經理估計新產品開發活動時間與資源需求，以達成新產品開發專案之目標。最後，本研究導入SD/MMC卡個案為例，以驗證本支援系統之顯著功效。 In order to assist in estimating time and resource requirements of the new product development activity, this research will develop a decision support system for estimating time and resource requirements of the new product development activity .During new product development processes, which often be affected by factors. These factors are likely the funds, human resources and facilities and so on. These factors often are the key to success in new product development. In order to obtain the most lowers time and input time of the resource of the new product development, this research applying the efficiency frontier concept to develop a decision support system for estimating time and resource requirements of the new product development activity, to assist the new product development manager in estimating time and resource requirements of the new product development activity. Finally, this research applies to the SD/MMC card project to demonstrate the decision support system. 摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究流程 2 第二章文獻探討 4 2.1 新產品開發 4 2.2 PERT/CPM 7 2.3 資料包絡分析 9 2.3.1 資料包絡分析基本概念 9 2.3.2 資料包絡分析基本分析模式 9 第三章研究方法 13 3.1 NPDDSS架構 13 3.2 NPDDSS運作模式 16 3.2.1 專案管理模組 16 3.2.2 新產品開發時間達成率估計模組 16 3.2.3 研發資源與時間配置模組 16 3.2.3.1 指定活動時間下資源需求估計模組 18 3.2.3.2 有限資源下最短活動時間估計模組 19 3.2.3.3 縮短活動時間之成本分析模組 21 3.2.4 最佳化模式求解模組 21 3.3 活動時間與資源需求之估計流程 22 3.4 NPDDSS控制分析流程 23 第四章個案探討 27 第五章結論與建議 33 參考文獻 34 [1] Petri Kettunen, ”Extending software project agility with new product development enterprise agility ”, Software Process Improvement and Practice, vol. 12, no. 6, 2007, pp. 541-548. [2] A. Sivathanu Pillai, A. Joshi, K. Srinivasa Rao, “Performance measurement of R & D projects in a multi-project, concurrent engineering environment ”, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 20, no. 2, 2001, pp. 165-177. 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U0006-0207200920263100 蔡季霖 Gi-Lin Tsai 以提示策略為基礎之線上動態評量對國中數學方程式文字題解題之研究 The Effects of Strategy Tips for Online Dynamic Assessment of Junior High School Mathematic Equation Word Problems 蔡銘修 Ming-Hsiu Tsai 碩士國立台北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所 96498021 97 98 中文 155 動態評量數學方程式方程式文字題 Dynamic Assessment mathematical equation equation word questions 本研究旨在探討以提示策略為基礎之線上動態評量對國中數學方程式文字題的解題歷程是否有所助益。其重要性為線上動態評量在國中數學領域的實徵性應用，以及增加動態評量在數學解題歷程之相關數學知識。本研究透過準實驗研究法，以台北縣某國中62名九年級學生為研究對象，其中31名為「接受線上動態評量」的實驗組，另外31名為「未接受線上動態評量」的控制組，進行八週的教學實驗，俟實驗結束後，挑選部分學生進行訪談，以蒐集質性內容，研究結果如下所示：一、接受「線上動態評量」的實驗組其後測成績顯著高於控制組，而實驗組之後測成績亦顯著高於同組之前測成績，表示以提示策略為基礎之線上動態評量確實能幫助學生在國中數學方程式文字題的解題。二、高成就組學生在前、後測成績無顯著差異，但中成就組和低成就組學生之後測成績顯著高於前測成績，表示以提示策略為基礎之線上動態評量對中、低成就組學生的成績較有良好的區辨效益。三、低成就組學生的提示使用次數多於中成就組，而中成就組的提示使用次數多於高成就組，此情況表示學習者會依其數學能力不同而使用符合其能力的提示次數。四、本研究從訪談分析中亦發現高、中、低成就組學生在數學文字題解題歷程中仍有除文獻所述以外的困難，此外學生對於本系統操作和提示策略的使用均有正向的反應態度。 The study was to explore online Dynamic Assessment based on Strategy Tips in the process of mathematical equation word questions, see if it can have help students to solve questions. The importance of this study was to fill the online dynamic assessment at the empirical applications of mathematics, and to increase the related knowledge of mathematical problem solving in the dynamic assessment process. This study was to be through the quasi-experimental study, the research subjects for Taipei County Junior 62 ninth grade students, of which 31 are known as "Dynamic Assessment online accept" the experimental group and another 31 named "did not accept the online dynamic assessment" of the control group. This study carried out 8 weeks of teaching experiments, as soon as the end of the experiment, the selection of some students interviewed to gather qualitative content, the results are as follows: First, accepting the "Dynamic Assessment Online", the experimental group in the post-test results was significantly higher than that control group, and experimental group students in the post-test results are significant higher than in the pro-test.It shows that strategy tips for online Dynamic Assessment is indeed to help students in mathematic Equation Word Problems. Second, the high-achievement students of the experimental group between pro-test results and post-test results had no significant differences, but the middle-achievement students and low-achievement students in post-test were significantly higher than those in pro-test results. It shows that strategy tips for online Dynamic Assessment prompted the middle-achievement and the low-achievement students with more distinction effect. Third, in the using number of strategy tips, the low-achievement students was more than in the middle-achievement students, and the middle-achievement students was more than in the high-achievement students. It shows that strategy tips for online Dynamic Assessment can effectively assist different learner to use the numbr of tips which matched their abilties. Fourth, the analysis of the interviews revealed that the difficulties were mentioned in the former literature in solving mathematic equation word problems, it also found some new results.And it also found students had a positive attitude for the operation of the system and the use of the strategy. 中文摘要 ………………………………………………………i 英文摘要 ………………………………………………………iii 謝誌……………………………………………………………v 目次……………………………………………………………vii 表次……………………………………………………………ix 圖次……………………………………………………………xi 第一章緒論……………………………………………………1 第一節研究背景…………………………………………1 第二節研究動機…………………………………………4 第三節研究目的與待答問題……………………………6 第四節研究的重要性……………………………………8 第五節研究範圍…………………………………………9 第六節名詞釋義…………………………………………10 第二章文獻探討………………………………………………13 第一節線上動態評量的理論與功能之介紹……………13 第二節數學方程式文字題之教材分析…………………34 第三章研究設計與實施………………………………………57 第一節研究方法與架構…………………………………57 第二節研究步驟…………………………………………60 第三節研究對象…………………………………………63 第四節研究工具…………………………………………64 第五節資料處理…………………………………………76 第六節研究限制…………………………………………78 第四章研究結果與討論………………………………………81 第一節學習成就測驗的結果分析………………………81 第二節提示策略的次數分析……………………………88 第三節訪談分析…………………………………………91 第五章結論與建議……………………………………………115 第一節結論………………………………………………115 第二節建議………………………………………………117 參考文獻 ………………………………………………………121 中文部份 …………………………………………………121 英文部份 …………………………………………………127 附錄 ……………………………………………………………129 一、提示策略的畫面………………………………………129 二、系統操作畫面簡介 …………………………………133 三、前測與後測試題(定稿)………………………………141 四、訪談逐字稿……………………………………………143 五、作者簡介………………………………………………155 中文部份王子華、王國華、王瑋龍、黃世傑(2004)。不同形成性評量模式對國中生網路學習之效益評估。科學教育學刊，12(4)，469-490。王如敏(2004)。國二學生解一元一次方程式錯誤類型分析研究。國立高雄師範大學數學研究所碩士論文，未出版。王姿勻(2008)。國中生數學方程式文字題解題困難及迷思概念之研究。國立台北科技大學技術與職業教育研究所碩士論文，未出版。王彩鸝(2008)。小學數學檢測來台-5個月連考5次。2008年12月12日。取自於：http://mag.udn.com/mag/campus/storypage.jsp 王瑞鳳（2007）。網路形成性評量策略與不同學習風格高中生學習「生物的演化與微生物世界」之效益分析。國立彰化師範大學生物研究所碩士論文，未出版。王麗娟（2008）。數學評量的願景與迷失。2009年1月10日。取自：http://www.tkes.tn.edu.tw/ 古明峰(1998）。加減法應用題語文知識對問題難度之影響暨動態評量在應用問題之學習與遷移歷程上研究。國立台灣師範大學博士論文，未出版。江文慈(2007)。超越測量－評量典範轉移的探索與啟示。教育實踐與研究，20(1)，173-200。江秋坪(1994)。動態評量對國語資源班學童鑑別與協助效益之探討。國立台南師範學院初等教育學系碩士論文，未出版。江銘中(2004)。以適性化教材實現動態閱讀評量之研究。國立台北師範學院數理教育研究所碩士論文，未出版。何榮桂(1999)。量身訂製的測驗--適性測驗。測驗與評量，157，3288-3293。吳幸宜譯，M. 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Mind in society: The development of higher psy-chological processes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Uni-versity Press. U0006-0207200920303700 許榮輝 Jung-Hui Hsu 利用TRIZ演化趨勢進行創新產品構思 —以電源保護器產業為例 Using TRIZ Evolutionary Trends to Propose the Concepts of Innovative Product — Cases Study for Power Surge Protector 葉繼豪碩士國立台北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所 96378503 97 98 中文 108 電源保護器利基市場 TRIZ演化趨勢演化潛力雷達圖 Power Surge Protector Niche market TRIZ evolution tendency Evolutionary potential radar plot 隨著科技不斷的進步與產業升級加上資訊傳遞的迅速與普及，不僅改變了原有的消費型態、也急遽的縮短了產品的生命週期，面對全球化產業競爭態勢，及全球勞動力解放的嚴峻挑戰，台灣企業要如何擺脫上述困境開創新局是非常急迫的，以適應環境理論（The theory of environmental fit）來看，如果具有研發創新能力，表示該廠商適應環境的能力比較好，尤其在技術、產品生命週期變動快速的產業，越能符合變動下的環境需求，其表現與存活機會也會比不具研發創新能力的廠商來得好。因此發展具有前瞻性及利基產品來區隔不同的市場拉開追隨者的距離，創造產業新藍海是台灣企業必須走的一條路。故本研究的目的是利用中華民國專利檢索系統及美國專利資料庫，依據以上的研究動機，針對電源保護器產業在產品開發過程中所申請的專利，研究運用D. Mann所提出的TRIZ三十七項參數演化趨勢，進行資料蒐集、分類、歸納，並進一步將歸納後的專利資料，依照TRIZ三十七項參數演化趨勢繪製成演化雷達圖，藉由繪製後的演化潛力雷達圖(Evolutionary potential radar plot)判別及了解現有電源保護器產業專利演化情況，以期達到以下目的： 1.預測電源保護器產業下一階段技術發展趨勢並及早進行專利部署。 2.藉由演化趨勢所得到的訊息，發展出公司可行的競爭策略。 3.及早提供下一階段的產品，提升公司競爭力。 4.找出產品的演化潛力，進行產品創新，創造新的利基產品。 Following the development of technology, upgrading industries and information is spreading rapidly worldwide. It has not only changed the original consumer behaviour but also shortened the product’s life cycle; in the face of globalization competition between industries and the liberation of the labor force form a harsh challenge. All of the problems above are confronted by Taiwan’s industries .Therefore, the desire to solve these difficult problems and finding out new ways of doing things arises, and should result in the development of precursor and niche products in order to create new blue ocean strategy to get a head of the competition. The purpose of the study is to utilize the Taiwan Patent Research System and data bank of the United States Patent and Trademark Office to research the patent application during the process of developing Power Surge Protector and use 37 parameter evolution tendency of TRIZ by D. Mann to proceed to information collection, classification, and conclusion, then draw an evolutionary radar plot, also judge and know the patent evolution in Power Surge Protector industry by Evolutionary potential radar plot. It expects to reach the following purposes: 1.Forecast the following technology development in power protector industry and prepare the patent application earlier. 2.By getting the information of evolution tendency, offer the better competitive tactic for the company. 3.Provide the next phase products to increase the company’s competitive ability. 4.Find out the product’s evolution potential,proceed to innovate products and create the new Niche product. 摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii 誌謝 v 目錄 vi 表目錄 ix 圖目錄 x 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍與限制 4 1.4 研究步驟與流程 5 第二章文獻探討 8 2.1 市場區隔理論 8 2.1.1 市場區隔的定義 8 2.1.2 進行市場區隔的程序或步驟 10 2.1.3 市場區隔化之利益 11 2.1.4 評估市場區隔 12 2.2 利基市場的定義與型態 13 2.2.1 利基與利基理論 13 2.2.2 利基市場定義 14 2.2.3 利基市場特徵 15 2.2.4 利基市場與大眾市場的差異 15 2.2.5 利基行銷及利基市場策略 16 2.3 TRIZ發明問題解決理論 17 2.3.1 技術演化S-曲線 17 2.3.2 TRIZ背景 20 2.3.3 TRIZ的技術預測與新產品開發 23 2.3.4 技術系統演化法則 24 2.3.5 TRIZ的技術演化理論 25 2.3.6 TRIZ 系統創新 35 2.4 文獻探討總結與思考 35 第三章研究方法 37 3.1 TRIZ演化理論與產品創新研究流程 37 3.2 TRIZ演化理論之刮鬍刀案例說明 37 3.2.1 刮鬍刀 38 3.2.2 專利收集 40 3.2.3 繪製演化雷達圖 40 3.2.4 創新產品 41 3.3 以電源保護器產業進行TRIZ演化模式分析 43 3.3.1 電源保護器 43 3.3.2 電源保護器專利蒐集 47 3.4 繪製演化雷達圖 49 3.4.1 電源保護器專利統計 49 3.4.2 演化雷達圖繪製 51 第四章研究成果 53 4.1 演化雷達圖分析 53 4.2 創新產品構思 53 4.2.1 S2—空間分割 54 4.2.2 I19—增加感官 59 4.2.3 I31—減少能源轉換 61 第五章結論與未來研究 65 5.1 結論 65 5.2 未來研究 66 參考文獻 67 附錄一 71 刮鬍刀專利統計表 71 附錄二 76 電源保護器專利演化等級分析表 76 附錄三 102 美國電源保護器專利演化等級分析表 102 [1] R. 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U0006-0207200922372300 鄭怡軒 Yi-Hsuan Cheng 連續無段變速系統之鋼帶輪推力分析 Analysis of the Thrust Force for CVT 郭桂林 Kui-Lin Kuo 碩士國立台北科技大學車輛工程系所 96448009 97 98 中文 57 無段變速系統側向推力動態方程式模擬分析 Continuously Variable Transmissions(CVT) Thrust Force Dynamic Equation Simulation 一般傳統車輛在行駛的過程中遇到不同路況時，變速箱會因為加速或減速的需要進行換檔，當減速比發生變化時，會使內燃機工作區域處於不穩定狀態，且造成動力傳動系統的衝擊和內燃機的廢氣排放增加。為了使內燃機維持在一個最佳經濟燃油消耗區域之輸出狀態，利用無段變速系統能使換檔過程中動力銜接較為平順之特性，來達到提升燃油經濟性與乘坐舒適之性能。本研究首先應用過去推導過的金屬帶式無段變速器主動鋼帶輪推力，傳遞至被動鋼帶輪之動力轉速動態方程式，將動態方程式利用MATLAB／Simulink軟體建構實驗平台的模型。透過無段變速系統模擬分析所得到的主動、被動鋼帶輪之側向推力和減速比的數據，與實驗後所獲得的減速比對應換檔電磁閥控制的主油壓關係之數據相互比對，同時在實驗時輸入的工作壓力之數據推算主動、被動鋼帶輪之側向推力，透過軟體建構的金屬帶式無段變速系統的模型進行模擬後的結果與實際實驗平台所量測後獲得的數據互相驗證。根據驗證結果，本研究可有效縮短未來車輛傳動系統開發週期、節省實驗成本費用，讓金屬帶式無段變速系統能夠有更為廣泛的應用。 In the conventional transmission, vehicles accelerate or decelerate through different terrain. Because the gear ratio shifts constantly, the engine doesn’t work in the optimal operating region, leading to intermittent loading applied to the power-train system and increased amount of exhaust. To enable the engine to operate at the optimal fuel economy condition, a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is employed. The CVT can provide smooth driving, thereby improving economical consumption of fuel as well as comfort of riding. In the present study, a use of dynamic equations was developed to simulate the torque transferring between the driving and driven pulleys of the CVT system. A platform will be established using MATLAB／Simulink with consideration of the interaction among motor, CVT, and brakes. In the analysis model proposed herein, angular velocity and torque of the motor were used as input. Through the simulation carried out in the study, side loads of the pulleys and gear ratio were obtained. The result obtained from the simulation and that from the actual test were compared. A good match between the two results was demonstrated. It was confirmed that the simulation carried out here could accurately predict the performance of CVT. With extensive application of metal-belt CVT in vehicles, the developed method can be used to predict the behaviors of CVTs. Significant hardware cost saving and shortening of testing time during new vehicle development could be realized. 摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 v 圖目錄 vi 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1 無段變速系統的類型和特點 2 1.2.2 帶傳動式無段變速系統的發展 5 1.3 研究目的 7 1.4 論文架構 7 第二章金屬帶式無段變速系統傳動部件與工作原理 9 2.1 金屬帶式無段變速傳動主要部件 9 2.2 金屬帶式無段變速傳動工作原理 11 2.2.1 金屬帶式無段變速器傳動速比 12 2.2.2 金屬帶傳動力平衡分析 15 2.2.3 主、被動鋼帶輪夾緊力分析 17 第三章金屬帶式無段變速系統之MATLAB/Simulink模型建構 23 3.1 電動馬達模型 23 3.2 金屬帶式無段變速器 26 3.3 車輛環境參數模型 30 第四章實驗平台與設備規劃 34 4.1 實驗平台介紹 34 4.2 實驗量測規劃 41 第五章模擬與實驗結果討論 42 5.1 模擬數據結果 42 5.2 實驗數據結果 45 5.3 結果討論 48 第六章結論 50 參考文獻 51 符號彙編 54 [1] K. Ishikawa, M. Tanaka and T. 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[26] 陳昱廷，並聯式複合動力系統設置與研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程研究所，台北，2007。 U0006-0208200915330900 林寬宜 Kuan-Yi Lin 電子商務經營模式選擇之研究以統一超商為例 A Study on The Choice of E-Business Model─The case study of 7-Eleven in Taiwan 耿慶瑞碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 95488522 97 98 中文 54 電子商務統一超商組織生態學 E-Commerce 7-ELEVEN Organizational Ecology Theory 台灣電子商務自2002年開始，每年成長都超過60%，至2007年根據資策會的調查已超過1800億的市場規模，網路商店也躍升成為國人最常使用購買商品的通路之一，僅次於便利商店、超市和量販店。然而在B2C的市場中旅遊票券的支付佔了近60%的市場規模，其次是3C、書籍與服飾等類別的商品，在前幾名的電子商務業者中不難發現消費者的購買習慣受到Yahoo、Pchome、博客來等業者的影響最深，這也突顯出台灣電子商務的多元性仍受限主要的電子商務平台的影響。統一超商為國最大的零售業者，轄下的關係企業達40多家，其中不乏具有知名通路品牌，如統一超商、無印良品、康是美、星巴克、多拿滋等，對於電子商務的經營除了博客來與Unimall的經營外，2007年時也自與日本引進購物網站樂天市場平台樂天市場，對於台灣的網路生態來看，立即受到社會大眾的矚目。本研究是探討2007年統一超商在選擇與日本最大購物商城樂天市場合作的過程中，探討統一超商評估的電子商務經營模式的選擇方式，從電子商務經營模式的探討，界定出電子商務在傳遞給消費者的服務過程中，統一超商可以扮演的角色與所具備的資源條件有哪些?藉以探討為何統一超商最後會選擇以合作的方式與從日本引進樂天市場平台進入台灣，提供台灣傳統產業可以快速的上網經營與傳遞服務給末端的消費者，期使能合理解釋統一超商在選擇電子商務模式的評估方式。在研究的過程中從個案資料的整理發現，統一超商在電子商務的服務流程中早已具備在電子商務中關鍵性角色，例如‧全省7-ELEVEN門市提供電子商務業者的取貨付款的服務，與提供宅配的統一速達。透過與業者的接洽與訪談，更可以了解到統一超商在與日本樂天市場合作前的評估內容與進入電子商務領域的評估內容。 Since 2002, the annual growth of Taiwan e-commerce has getting more than 60 percent. According to a survey of III(Institute for Information Industry), market size of e-commerce has more than 180 billion till 2007. Online store also becomes one of the most frequently place to buy goods, just secondary to convenience stores, supermarkets and discount stores. However, in the B2C market, the payment of travel tickets accounted for nearly 60% of the market size, followed by 3C, books and clothes. We are not difficult to find the consumer purchasing habits are deeply influenced by Yahoo, Pchome, books, etc., which also highlighted the diversity of Taiwan e-commerce is still restricted by the major e-commerce platform. President Chain Store for the country''s largest retailers, its affiliated companies up to more than 40, many of them have a well-known brands, such as President Chain Store, Muji, Cosmed, Starbucks, and Mister Donut. For e-commerce, in addition to Books and Unimall, in 2007, President Chain Store also started to cooperate with Rakuten, the biggest shopping website in Japan. It must give an impact to Taiwan''s e-commerce industry. The purpose of this study was to make a reasonable explanation and clarify that in the process of cooperation between President Chain Store and Rakuten, the largest website market in Japan, What kind of resources that President Chain Store has? What kind of role that it can play? Examining why the President Chain Store eventually chose to cooperate with Rakuten platform to enter the Taiwan market. It will provide Taiwan''s traditional industries with fast internet access management and will deliver services to the end consumers. In the course of this case study, we found that President Chain Store already have a crucial role in e-commerce for a long time. For example, 7-ELEVEN stores across the province provide e-commerce owners services that buyer can get the goods and pay at the same time. Besides, T-Cat Delivery Company(黑貓宅急便) provides a speed up delivery to the place buyers ask. Through contact and interview with the industries, we can also understand the evaluation prior to President Chain Store in cooperation with Japan''s Rakuten market and the evaluation of entering the field of electronic commerce. 目次摘要 ii 誌謝 vi 目次 iv 表目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1研究動機與背景 1 1.2研究目的 2 1.3研究流程與架構 2 第二章文獻探討 4 2.1 電子商務經營模式 4 2.1.1電子商務的定義 4 2.1.2電子商務的發展軌跡 6 2.1.3電子商務的類型 7 2.1.4電子商務的相關研究 10 2.1.5台灣電子商務發展趨勢 11 2.2組織生態學 12 2.2.1組織演化的觀點 15 第三章研究方法 17 3.1研究方法 17 3.1.1次級資料分析 17 3.1.2個案分析 18 3.1.3深度訪談 19 3.2研究設計 20 3.3組織生態學的推演模式 22 第四章個案研究與訪談資料分析 24 4.1個案研究分析 24 4.1.1台灣主要電子商務平台經營模式 24 4.1.2統一超商發展的歷程 26 4.1.3統一超商旗下事業型態的彙整 29 4.1.4個案電子商務相關的經營範圍 30 4.2訪談資料整理 33 4.2.1受訪者對台灣電子商務的看法 33 4.2.2受訪者對於電子商務評估條件的選擇與看法 35 4.3個案電子商務型態的演進與背景 39 4.4綜合性的分析 42 4.4.1個案經營模式的要因彙整 44 4.5小結 46 第五章研究結論與建議 48 5.1 研究結論 48 5.2 研究貢獻 50 5.3後續的研究建議 50 參考文獻 52 表目錄表2.1 電子商務學者研究的面向 10 表2.2 自然界與組織間共生關係之比較 13 表2.3 嘗試以生態學觀點探究組織變化的研究 13 表2.4 平台共構的演進概略 15 表3.1 受訪者背景 20 表4.1 台灣主要電子商務平台的經營模式 23 表4.2 電子商務經營模式倉庫管理模式的優缺點整理 24 表4.3 統一超商發展的重大歷程 25 表4.4 統一超商轄下關係企業的彙整表 28 表4.5 統一超商評估電子商務所會評估的條件 35 表4.6 統一超商內部評估的條件彙整 35 表4.7 從生態學的觀點對照統一超商電子商務的演進 39 表4.8 統一超商經營電子商務所具備的條件 42 [1] 王瑞之、戴鴻邦、林素儀著，“電子商務發展趨勢與我國業者研究機會”，財團法人資訊工業策進會資訊市場情報中心（MIC），1997。 [2] 尚榮安，個案研究，(Robert K.Yin，Case Study Research，1994)，弘智文化，2001。 [3] 吳順興(2003) [4] 洪婉喻，《台灣地區B2C線上零售網站經營模式分析》，國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2005。 [5] 郭淑雲，《消費者特性與網際網路購物意願關係之研究--以生鮮食品為例》，國立中興大學行銷學系碩士論文，2001。 [6] 黃俊雄，最新生物學，台北：藝軒出版，1987。 [7] 黃俊英，SAS精析與實例，華泰文化，1994。 [8] 張志偉，Amazon.com：亞馬遜網路書店發跡傳奇。台北：商周，1999。 [9] 張福德，電子商務總論，大陸：科學技術出版社，2001。 [10] 經濟部商業司，商業e化輔導績效評估報告，2007。 [11] 資策會MIC情報顧問產業研究報告,2008。 [12] 蔡桂芳、萬洪濤，e-marketplace—B2B 電子商場完全經營手冊，商智文化事業股份有限公司，2000。 [13] 潘明宏、陳志瑋譯。Nachmias, Chava Frankfort & David Nachmias 原著，社會科學研究方法，台北：巨流出版社，1999。 [14] Aldrich, H.E. ”Organizations and Environments” New Jersy: Prentice-Hall. 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U0006-0302200900095100 顏仁暉 Ren-Huei Yan 適合於WiMAX之H.264錯誤回復與錯誤隱藏技術 H.264 Error Resilience and Error Concealment Techniques for WiMAX 楊士萱碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598020 97 98 中文 54 錯誤回復錯誤隱藏多媒體通訊 H.264 Error Resilience Error Concealment multimedia communication H.264 WiMAX QoS H.264視訊編碼標準能提供高效率的視訊壓縮，因此已成為數位電視、行動視訊、與影音串流等各項多媒體通訊服務的關鍵技術；WiMAX是一項新興的無線寬頻通訊技術，其遠距、行動、高速傳輸的特性，將能補足或取代現行的3G, 4G, 及無線區域網路技術；H.264與WiMAX的結合，將是未來行動無線寬頻網路的發展重點。本論文考量行動無線網路可能發生的封包遺失或位元錯誤，分析如何選用H.264之錯誤回復(Error Resilience)與錯誤隱藏(Error Concealment)工具，並搭配WiMAX提供之QoS機制，以提升視訊傳輸的服務品質。本論文模擬環境建構於WiMAX仿真(Emulation)系統，因此所得之最佳視訊傳輸參數，將可應用於實際佈建之WiMAX行動無線網路系統。 H.264 video coding standard, owing to its excellent compression efficiency, has become the key technology of multimedia communications such as digital television, mobile video, and video streaming. WiMAX is an emerging wireless broadband communication service. Equipped with mobility, wide coverage, and high data rate, WiMAX may complement or replace other competing communication systems such as 3G, 4G and wireless local area networks. Integrating H.264 with WiMAX is thus an important issue for the development of mobile wireless broadband networks. In this thesis, H.264 error resilience and error concealment tools are considered to combat the possible packet losses. We also incorporate the WiMAX QoS support to improve the visual quality. Because the experiments are conducted on WiMAX emulation systems, the suggested coding options obtained in this thesis can be applied to the real WiMAX networks. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 v 圖目錄 vi 第1章緒論 1 1.1 簡介 1 1.2 WiMAX 1 1.3 研究動機與目的 4 1.4 文獻回顧 6 1.5 論文架構 6 第2章 H.264/AVC錯誤回復與錯誤隱藏 7 2.1 H.264/AVC錯誤回復工具 7 2.1.1 畫面內畫面/巨區塊配置 8 2.1.2 參數集 10 2.1.3 彈性巨區塊順序 10 2.1.4 畫面分割 11 2.1.5 任意片順序 11 2.1.6 冗餘片 11 2.1.7 資料分割 12 2.2 錯誤隱藏方法 13 2.2.1 片遺失 13 2.2.2 畫面遺失 16 第3章 H.264/AVC錯誤回復工具與錯誤隱藏方法綜合分析 18 3.1 模擬項目及模擬參數說明 18 3.2 畫面內配置分析 20 3.3 彈性巨區塊分析 25 3.4 畫面內配置合併彈性巨區塊分析 30 第4章適合於WiMAX之H.264/AVC錯誤回復/錯誤隱藏參數設定 36 4.1 實驗平台簡介 36 4.1.1 H.264/AVC 36 4.1.2 WiMAX 41 4.2 WiMAX 排程對視訊傳輸的影響 42 第5章結論 52 參考文獻 53 [1] B. Li, Y. Qin, C. Low, C. Gwee, “A Survey on Mobile WiMAX,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 45, pp. 70-75, December 2007. [2] 國立台北科技大學資訊工程系95~97年度國科會自由軟體計畫- WiMAX無線通訊系統軟體與工具開發(I)、(II)、(III), http://of.openfoundry.org/projects/837 [3] H.264/AVC Software Coordination, http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/ [4] L. Liu, S. Zhang, X. Ye, Y. Zhang, “Error Resilience Schemes of H.264/AVC for 3G Conversational Video Services,” Proceedings of the 2005 The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, September 2005. [5] J. Mochnac, S. Marchevsky, “Error Resilience Tools in the MPEG-4 and H.264 Video Coding Standards,” 2008 18th International Conference Radioelektronika, April 2008. [6] A. T. Connie, P. Nasiopoulos, V. C. M. Leung and Y. P. Fallah, “Video Packetization Techniques for Enhancing H.264 Video Transmission over 3G Networks,” IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference 2008 proceedings, January 2008. [7] J. Ostermann, J. Bormans, P. List, D. Marpe, M. Narroschke, F. Pereira, T. Stockhammer, T. 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U0006-0302200903271600 李黃仙 Huang-Hsien Lee 專案管理應用於行動電話開發之關鍵成功因素 The Key Success Factor on Mobile Phone Development Using Project Management Method 廖森貴 Sen-Kuei Liao 碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 95488521 97 98 中文 91 專案管理新產品開發關鍵成功因素分析層級程序法 Project Management New Product Development Key Success Factor Analytic Hierarchy Process 行動電話市場商機龐大，市場規模也逐年擴增，因產品競爭激烈故不管是品牌或代工業者都面臨市佔率或獲利率無法有效提升，有鑑於此現象，有必要對此議題進行研究。回顧過去學者對專案管理的研究，主要集中在新產品的開發，尚未有從「專案經理」的觀點對「行動電話開發」產業進行關鍵成功因素研究，因而引發本研究之動機。本研究以台灣與大陸地區行動電話開發業者為研究對象，探討專案經理人對行動電話開發關鍵成功因素的認知，發放36份之學術問卷，有效問卷為20份，在各項衡量指標達到標準之後，採用分析層級程序法（AHP）對關鍵因素進行分析與探討。本研究結合多位國內外專家學者的論點，透過文獻的整理進行研究，以專案管理作底層架構並加入行動電話開發業者的觀點，以分析層級程序法（AHP）為結構，建立四大構面共十六項關鍵成功因素，透過專案經理的問卷訪談與問卷的權重計算，實證行動電話開發的關鍵成功因素結果，分析後得知，「高層的支持」是主要影響構面，其次是「專案管理與執行」，其中「充足的資源分配」、「技術能勝任的團隊」、「專案獎勵制度」是主要關鍵成功因素。 The business opportunity of mobile telephone market is huge, the market scale is increased year by year too, because the mobie products are fierce in competition so no matter the brand or original equipment manufacturer who takes the place of industry face the accounting for rate of market or yield rate is unable to improve effectively, the phenomenon in view of this, it is necessary to carry on research to this topic. Review the past scholar study on special project management, concentrate on new development of product mainly, have from view of '' special project manager '' to '' mobile telephone develop '' industry carry on key succeed factor study yet, therefore cause the motive of this research. This research regards Taiwan and China that develops mobile telephone person of mainland as the research object, probe into the cognition that a manager developed the successful factor of the key to the mobile telephone of the special project, grant the academic questionnaires of 36, the effective questionnaire is 20, after several weighs the standard of reaching of the indicator, adopt and analyse the procedure law of the level ( AHP) Carry on analysis and discussion to the key factor. This research combines the argument of many domestic and international experts and scholarses, carry on research through the arrangement of documents, manage and do the structure of ground floor and view of the person who puts industry that develops mobile telephone into with the special project, in order to analyse the procedure law of the level ( AHP) Structure, is it construct surface 16 key succeed factor, calculate through questionnaire interview and weight of the questionnaire, special project of manager altogether while being four major to set up, real example key successful factor result that mobile telephone develop, learn after analysing, '' the support on the senior level '' influences and constructs the surface mainly, secondly it is that '' the special project is managed and carried out '', '' sufficient resource allocation '', '' group on technology can competent '' among them, '' special project incentive system '' whether main key succeed in the factor. 摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究流程 2 第二章文獻探討 4 2.1 專案管理 4 2.2專案的生命週期與管理目標 6 2.3 專案成功因素 9 2.4 新產品開發 17 2.5關鍵成功因素之探討 24 2.6行動電話開發關鍵成功因素之探討 27 2.7分析層級程序法之探討 33 2.8行動電話開發產業說明 38 第三章研究方法 43 3.1 研究流程與研究架構 43 3.2 研究對象與訪談結果 48 3.3 問卷抽樣與設計 52 3.4 資料蒐集方法與問卷回收 57 第四章研究分析與結果 58 4.1 樣本結構分析 58 4.2 AHP信度與效度分析 59 4.3 專家問卷分析層級程序分析 60 第五章結論與建議 72 5.1 研究結論 72 5.2 研究貢獻 74 5.3 管理意涵 76 5.4 研究限制與未來研究方向 77 參考文獻 79 附錄A　研究問卷 83 (一) 中文部分〔1〕小島敏彥著，新產品開發管理，蔣永明譯，中衛發展中心，2002年。〔2〕王瑞琛等編著，生產管理，台北，華泰書局，1997年。〔3〕司徒達賢，策略管理，台北，遠流出版公司，1995年。〔4〕何文榮.許光華編著，專案管理－理論與實務，台北，華泰書局，1998年。〔5〕呂克明，專案管理理論與案例解，學貫圖書公司，台北，2005 年。〔6〕沈君豪，楊博裕，陳志良，CMM 最佳實務，維科圖書公司，台北，2003 年。〔7〕林信惠，黃明祥，王文良，軟體專案管理，智勝圖書公，台北，2004 年。〔8〕邱俊仁，專案管理應用於新產品開發之研究，交大管理科學研究所，碩士論文， 2005年。〔9〕吳萬益，林清河，企業研究方法，華泰圖書公司，台北，2000 年。〔10〕胡瑋珊譯，Thomas H. 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K.,”Case Study Research : Design and Methods”,SAGE Publications 3rd edition,December 2002. 〔33〕美國專案管理學會網站 : http://www.pmi.org/info/default.asp 〔34〕中華專案管理學會網站 : http://www.npma.org.tw U0006-0302200909133400 詹穎璋 Ying-Chang Zhan　含1,3,5-三氮雜苯及三苯胺官能基之聚醯亞胺的合成與性質 Synthesis and Properties of Novel Polyimides Containing 1,3,5-Triazine and Triphenylamine Groups 汪昆立碩士國立台北科技大學化學工程研究所 95738010 97 98 中文 45 三氮雜苯三苯胺聚醯亞胺 1,3,5-Triazine Triphenylamine Polyimides 三氮雜苯是一個拉電子官能基；三苯胺則是一個推電子官能基。利用此兩官能基合成出具有雙偶極高分子。本實驗合成新型含三氮雜苯(1,3,5-triazine)及三苯胺(triphenlamine)之四胺單體2,4-diamine-6-(N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl) -4-pheylamine)-1,3,5-triazine，再與各類型之酸酐聚合而成聚醯亞胺。這些單體與高分子以FT-IR以及NMR鑑定其結構。單體經由NMR得知，兩組胺基的化學活性並不相同。位於三苯胺上的胺基在1H-NMR光譜上是5.0 ppm；而在三氮雜苯上的胺基在1H-NMR光譜上則是6.6 ppm。因此可以推斷出三苯胺的胺基比三氮雜苯的胺基活性大許多。聚醯胺酸皆可溶於極性非質子溶劑，如：DMF，DMSO，DMAc，NMP。聚醯胺酸高分子相對黏度0.21~0.32 dL/g，而聚醯亞胺高分子相對黏度0.32~0.64 dL/g在DMAc溶劑。使用UV-Vis及photoluminescence(PL)光譜分析其光學性質；高分子溶於DMSO溶劑時，UV-Vis吸收範圍在255～400 nm，PL光譜顯示其波峰波長在400~550 nm。以TGA測定其熱性質，經由動態熱重量分析(TGA)結果顯示，它在氮氣中的10%重量損失溫度約在407 oC以上。 A terta-amine monomer with two kinds of amino groups, 2,4-diamine-6-(N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-pheylamine)-1,3,5-triazine, containing triphenylamine electro-donor and 1,3,5-triazine electro-acceptor groups was synthesized and used in the preparation of polyimides. The two kinds of amino groups in the monomer were confirmed from the 1H-NMR spectrum. The protons of amino groups attached to triphenylamine group are at 5.0 ppm and the protons of amino groups attached to triazine group are at 6.6 ppm, which indicates the former amino groups are more reactive than the latter ones. The structures of polymers were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR. The poly(amic acid)s were soluble in the polar aprotic solvents, such as DMF, DMSO, DMAc and NMP. The poly(amic acid)s and polyimides had inherent viscosity of 0.21~0.32 and 0.32~0.64 dLg-1 in DMAc solution. The low viscosity of the poly(amic acid)s maybe result from their branched structures. The optical properties were analyzed by UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The polymers exhibited UV-Vis absorption bands around 250~400 nm in DMSO solution. Their photoluminescence spectra showed emission peaks around 400~550 nm in DMSO solution. The polyimides which were carried by themal method were fairly stable up to a temperature above 350 oC and 10 % weight temperature higher than 407 oC. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii Chapter1 INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter2 EXPERIMENTAL 3 2.1 Materials 3 2.2 Measurements 3 2.3 Synthesis of monomer 5 2.3.1 4-(bis(4-nitrophenyl)amino)benzonitrile (1) 5 2.3.2 6-(4-(bis(4-nitrophenyl)amino)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine -2,4-diamine (2) 5 2.3.3 6-(4-(bis(4-nitrophenyl)amino)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine -2,4-diacetylamide (3) 6 2.3.4 2,4-diamine-6-(N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-pheylamine) -1,3,5-triazine (4) 7 2.4 Synthesis of polymer 9 Chapter3 RESLTS AND DISCUSSION 11 3.1 Synthesis of monomer 11 3.1.1 2,4-diamine-6-(N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-pheylamine) -1,3,5-triazine (4) 11 3.1.2 2,4-diamine-6-(N,N-2,4-diamine-6-(N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-pheylamine)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diacetylamide (3) 12 3.2 Synthesis of polymer 18 3.3 Properties of polymer 23 3.3.1 Solubility 23 3.3.2 Thermal properties 25 3.3.3 Optical properties 27 Chapter 4 CONCLUSION 30 附錄A 36 附錄B 39 1. 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S. -H Hsiao, Y. -M Chang, H. -W Chen and G. -S Liou. , "Novel aromatic polyamides and polyimides functionalized with 4-tert-butyltriphenylamine groups," J.Polym.Sci.Part A, vol. 44, no. 15, 2006, pp. 4579-4592 U0006-0302200911081800 童子倫 Zi-Lun Tung 手持式數位電視之多媒體播放系統 DVB-H multimedia player system 尤信程 Shing-Chern You 碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598030 97 98 中文 68 手持式數位廣播電視影音同步 DVB-H Lip Sync 自從DVB-H規範被制定出來後，數位電視也進入手持式的應用，DVB-H是以DVB-T為基礎，再另外制定時間切片機制、MPE-FEC錯誤更正機制、OFDM 4k mode，並且相容於現存的DVB-T機制。時間切片機制主要是針對手持式系統電量消耗問題而提出的解決方案。而MPE-FEC錯誤更正機制則是針對行動裝置在接收訊號時，因為傳輸過程的雜訊干擾造成傳送資料的損毀而提出的更正策略，採用的是更正能力相當優秀的Reed-Solomon Code理德所羅門碼。DVB-H的影音資料不同於DVB-T直接封裝於MPEG-2傳輸串流中，而是採用IP廣播封包封裝影音串流，再載送於MPEG-2串流之中，也因此能達到相容於DVB-T的目的。本論文主要實踐播放器系統，從傳輸串流中依序拆解封包，最終將RTP封包內容中的影音資訊取出，進行解碼並影音同步播放。軟體撰寫以C語言實現。 Since the European Telecommunication Standart Institute standardizes the DVB-H standard, the digital TV intrudes into application of handheld device.The fundamental of DVB-H standard is based on DVB-T and additionally incorporates with the techniques of COFDM, Time-slicing,and MPE-FEC for compatible with the existing broadcasting standard. In the application of handheld device, the problem of power consumption is always a design issue. The Tme-Slicing can effectively reduce the most serious power consumption problem of DVB-H demodulator. The MPE-FEC is used to recover the data. This research implements the mechanism of the DVB-H IPDC-Decapsulation. After decoding the A/V data from RTP stream, using Lip Sync to play the A/V data on the Linux environment. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 DVB-H技術簡介 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 2 1.3 論文架構 2 第二章手持式數位電視廣播接收系統 3 2.1 DVB-H接收系統簡介 3 2.2傳輸串流解碼 4 2.3鏈結層 4 2.4 RTP/RTCP 4 2.5 FLUTE 5 2.6 實作流程 6 第三章傳輸串流以及鏈結層之解封裝實作 7 3.1傳輸串流封包概論 7 3.1.1 傳輸串流封包格式 7 3.2 PSI/SI 10 3.2.1 Program Association Table（PAT） 11 3.2.2 Program Map Table（PMT） 12 3.2.3 IP/MAC Notification Table（INT） 14 3.2.4 Service Description Table（SDT） 16 3.3 MPE與MPE-FEC之解封裝 18 3.3.1 MPE 18 3.3.1.1 Data Broadcast Descriptor 21 3.3.2 MPE-FEC 23 3.3.3 Time Slicing與Burst傳輸機制 25 3.3.4 MPE-FEC frame 27 第四章 RTP與FLUTE之解封裝 30 4.1 IP / UDP 30 4.2 FLUTE/ALC 32 4.3 SDP 42 4.4 RTP / RTCP 49 4.5影音同步 52 第五章影音資料之解封裝 55 5.1 H.264 NAL unit之解封包 55 5.2 AAC / HE-AAC Access Unit之解封包 60 5.3 系統實現與實作結果 63 5.3.1 系統實現 63 5.3.2 實作結果 63 第六章結論與未來展望 66 [1] ISO/IEC 13818-1, “Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems”. [2] ETSI EN 301 192 V1.4.2, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);DVB specification for data broadcasting”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [3] ETSI TS 102 472 V1.2.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);IP Datacast over DVB-H: Content Delivery Protocols”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [4] ETSI TS 102 471 V1.2.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);IP Datacast over DVB-H: Electronic Service Guide”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [5] ETSI TS 102 470 V1.1.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);IP Datacast over DVB-H: Program Specific Information (PSI)/Service Information (SI)”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [6] ETSI TS 102 005 V1.2.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in DVB services delivered directly over IP protocols”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [7] ETSI TS 102 592 V1.1.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IPDC over DVB-H: Electronic Service Guide (ESG) Implementation Guidelines”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [8] ETSI TR 102 473 V1.1.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);IP Datacast over DVB-H: Use Cases and Services”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [9] ETSI TR 102 469 V1.1.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);IP Datacast over DVB-H: Architecture”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [10] ETSI EN 300 468 V1.8.1, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems”, European Telecommunications Standards Institute. [11] RFC 3890, “A Transport Independent Bandwidth Modifier for the Session Description Protocol (SDP)”, Network Working Group. [12] RFC 3926, “FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport”, Network Working Group. [13] RFC 3450, “Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) Protocol Instantiation”, Network Working Group. [14] RFC 3451, “Layered Coding Transport (LCT) Building Block”, Network Working Group. [15] RFC 3984, “RTP Payload Format for H.264 Video”, Network Working Group. [16] RFC 3640, “RTP Payload Format for Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary”, Network Working Group. [17] RFC 791, “Internet Protocol”, Network Working Group. [18] RFC 768, “User Datagram Protocol”, Network Working Group. [19] 李嵩興，DVB-H IP解封裝器設計與實現，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學電腦與通訊研究所，台北，2006。 [20] 張力懿，手機電視軟體接收器，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學電腦與通訊研究所，台北，2007。 U0006-0302200911124400 呂忠衛 Chung Wei Lu 應用於乳癌腫瘤探測之低成本機構開發 Development of a Low Cost Mechanism for Breast Tumor Exploration 顏炳郎 PING-LANG YEN 碩士國立台北科技大學自動化科技研究所 95618001 97 98 中文 64 乳房攝影超音波並聯式機構 Tumor Flexure hinges Parallel-Kinematic mechanism 現行台灣婦女做乳癌檢測主要以X光機攝影與超音波探測為主。但是東方女性因為乳房脂肪較少，組織較緻密。所以利用超音波來檢查可以比較清楚分辨腫塊為實質固體(如纖維瘤)或含有液體(囊腫)，並且對年輕女性更易區分為纖維囊腫或纖維瘤，同時也可免除因罩杯較小被壓迫的不適，所以使用率較高，本論文著重於乳癌腫瘤探測之低成本機構開發，機構本體由一個2-DOF平面機構結合Z方向之上、下升降平台構成新型3-DOF機構，機構中2-DOF平面機構部分之平行四連桿運用Flexure Hinges構成，且以二個馬達傳動控制作為X軸與Y軸位移，配合力量感測器與上、下移動平台以及橫向探測乳癌生物力學模型，此低成本機構未來可應用於輔助探測腫瘤組織。 In Taiwan, most of the breast cancer diagnosis adopts diagnose tools such as X-ray photography and ultrasonic probe. However, for Asian women, using ultrasonic probe for breast cancer diagnosis is more beneficial since fabric and solid tumors are dramatically evident in fat-less and young women breast in comparison to western women. This paper aims to develop a low-cost mechanism for breast tumor exploration so as to help the diagnosis of breast cancer. This mechanism is comprised of a 2-D.O.F based planar mechanism in conjunction with a mechanism that could hoist and descend along Z-axis direction. The 2-D.O.F planar mechanism consists of four parallel links using Flexure Hinges that is associated with two control motors installed on X-axis and Y-axis motion. The advantages of four parallel links using Flexure Hinges can overcome the drawbacks of mechanical degradation against force and positioning error aroused by mechanical motion friction. The development of a low cost mechanism for breast tumor could alleviate breast cancer patient pain, save more cost for incorrect breast diagnosis and improve achieving the best medical service. 中文摘要..................................................i 英文摘要.................................................ii 誌謝.....................................................iii 目錄.....................................................iv 表目錄...................................................vi 圖目錄...................................................vii 第一章緒論...............................................1 1.1 研究動機..........................................1 1.2 研究目的..........................................2 1.3 文獻回顧..........................................3 1.4 研究方法..........................................6 1.5 論文架構..........................................8 第二章乳房組織與乳癌特性理論背景介紹.....................9 2.1乳癌症狀簡介.......................................9 2.2乳癌病理簡介.......................................9 2.3乳癌診斷..........................................10 2.4乳癌的分期........................................11 2.5乳癌治療方式......................................12 2.5.1 手術治療....................................12 2.5.2 輔助性治療..................................13 第三章機構設計與機構特性理論............................14 3.1機構設計與介紹....................................14 3.1.1串聯式機構介紹...............................14 3.1.2並聯式機構介紹...............................15 3.1.3串、並聯式工具平台優缺點.....................16 3.1.4 Flexure Hinge機構文獻探討...................17 第四章低成本乳癌腫瘤探測機構建立........................23 4.1運動學分析........................................23 4.1.1向量迴路法簡介...............................23 4.1.1.1向量迴路法步驟........................23 4.1.1.2座標系的建立..........................24 4.1.1.3向量的定義............................24 4.1.1.4向量迴路方程式........................25 4.1.2順向運動學分析...............................26 4.1.3逆向運動學分析...............................31 4.1.4運動方程式驗證...............................34 4.2工作空間...........................................39 4.3誤差分析...........................................41 4.3.1誤差補償簡介..................................41 4.3.2誤差模型建立..................................41 4.3.3 Recursive Least-Squares......................42 4.3.4機構校正......................................43 4.4機構設計...........................................48 4.4.1材料決定......................................48 4.4.2 Flexure Hinge構想來源........................49 4.4.3 Flexure Hinge設計............................49 4.4.4 Flexure Hinge剛性分析........................50 4.4.5機構桿件設計..................................52 4.4.6儀器架構介紹..................................53 4.5人機介面設計.......................................55 第五章實驗分析..........................................56 5.1實驗硬體設備.......................................56 5.2乳癌探測儀器探測矽膠模型...........................57 5.2.1兩軸力量感測器之校正..........................57 5.2.2實驗規劃......................................58 5.3實驗結果...........................................59 5.3.1模型驗證......................................59 5.3.2橫向探測......................................59 5.3.3硬度預測......................................60 第六章結論..............................................61 6.1結論...............................................61 6.2未來方向...........................................61 參考文獻..................................................63 [1]. 黃軍豪，乳癌觸診探測法之研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學自動化科技研究所，台北，2003。 [2]. 徐世偉，觸覺特徵用於乳房超音波之電腦輔助診斷，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學自動化科技研究所，台北，2006。 [3]. 張凱揚，發展乳房仿真模型應用於腫瘤硬度探測之研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學自動化科技研究所，台北，2006。 [4]. 林靖瑋，結合影像與力學模型分析乳房腫瘤組織硬度及移動性，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學自動化科技研究所，台北，2006。 [5]. 衛生署統計資訊網 http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic/index.htm。 [6]. 衛生署發佈之92年癌症登記報告http://www.doh.gov.tw/ufile/doc/951213-92年癌登記者會新聞稿.doc 2006-12-13。 [7]. A. R. Cowen, G.J.S. Parkin，P. Hawkridge “Direct digital mammography image acquisition” , 918–930 (1997)。 [8]. Michel Assenheimer, Orah Laver-Moskovitz, Dov Malonek “The T-SCANTM technology: electrical impedance as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer detection” (2001) 1–8。 [9]. Qing Yao, J. Dong, P.M. Ferreira “Design analysis fabrication and testing of a parallel-kinematic micro-positioning XY stage” (2007) 946–961。 [10]. 塑膠材料特性http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/?qid=1306061403169。 [11]. 工程塑膠資訊網http://www.wgj.com.tw。 [12]. Nicolae Lobontiu Jeffrey S. N. Paine “Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges” Volume 123，Issue 3346，ASME。 [13]. J H Zhang, C R Xiao and X D Yang “Design of 2D Flexible Hinge Stage with Multi-Parameter Feedback Control” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 48 (2006) 233–238。 [14]. Galea, A. M. “Mapping Tactile Imaging Information Parameter Estimation and Deformable Registration”, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, Massachusetts, 2004. [15]. Yuen Kuan Yong Tien-Fu Lu“ The effect of the accuracies of flexure hinge equations on the output compliances of planar micro-motion stages. ” U0006-0302200914221900 黃祥和 Shiang-He Huang 科技廠房高架地板之減震分析 Seismic Responses of High Raised Floor System of High-Tech FAB 廖文義 Wen-I Liao 碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428017 97 98 中文 71 高架地板科技廠房黏性阻尼器隔震器 high raised floor high-tech FAB viscous damper base isolator 高架地板是配合現今越來越進步的社會而衍生的非結構元件。科技廠房往往需要在高架地板系統上安裝擺設許多貴重儀器與電腦設備，同時人員必須在此系統之上從事作業操作，所以當地震來臨時，設備儀器及人員的安全性和高架地板的耐震性便有著十分密切的關係。針對如何防範高架地板系統上部的儀器設備，因地震振動過劇導致製程暫停及設備損壞所造成經濟上的損失，本研究以國家地震中心的高架地板振動台試驗為基礎，利用SAP2000軟體建立高架地板之模型來模擬在振動台上的行為，並在模擬中加裝阻尼與隔震器來達到隔減震效果。高架地板振動台試驗主要以高架地板受震行為與儀器設備的互制效應來研究，採用鋼製質量架鎖定於地板上來模擬其上設備儀器之效應，調整質量塊重量、配置來反映多種可能狀況，並以樓版加速度歷時為輸入地震，量測高架地板及質量架之加速度與應變得知結構之動態反應。分析使用SAP2000軟體建立高架地板模型，並輸入與試驗相同人造地表加速度歷時，修正分析模型並與試驗結果比較，使可準確模擬動態行為。最後則討論在地震反應下安裝阻尼器或隔震器，利用加速度與位移來比較隔減震效果，並探討不同頻率下之減震反應特性。 Seismic performance of nonstructural elements such as the raised floor system has attracted much attention in recent years. Damage of expensive equipments that stand in the raised floor system of high-tech FAB was often observed during past earthquake in Taiwan area. This will result in huge loss of manufacturing functions and properties for the high-tech industry. There is a need to understand the dynamic characteristics of the raised floor system for future seismic protection. The main purpose of this research is to study the seismic performance of the bare and retrofitted high raised floor system using shake table test and theoretical analysis. The high raised floor system is retrofitted by the viscous damper device and base isolator, respectively. The raised floor system for shake table test was a pedestal-stringer frame structure, and supporting a simulated equipment. This raised floor system was the typical system that frequently used in Taiwan semi-conductor FAB. The input motions for the shake table tests were the waffle-slab floor acceleration responses of a typical semi-conductor FAB by input simulated ground motions. The simulated ground motions are base on the phase spectrum and the maximum potential earthquake of site located at Taiwan Hsin-Chu Science Park. The dynamic characteristics include the acceleration amplification and dependence of input motions by raised floor system was studied and discussed. This study also employee the finite element package to carry out numerical simulation on seismic responses of bare and retrofitted raised floor systems and compared with the experimental data. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究內容 2 1.3 研究方法 3 第二章高架地板振動台試驗 4 2.1前言 4 2.2人造地表加速度歷時 4 2.2.1 相位頻譜與震幅譜 4 2.2.2 加速度設計反應譜 5 2.2.3 最具潛勢人造地表加速度歷時 5 2.3最具潛勢地震相符之樓版加速度歷時 6 2.3.1 科技廠房之結構系統 6 2.3.2 樓版加速度歷時 7 2.4高架地板之振動台試驗 7 2.4.1 高架地板於振動台之施工 7 2.4.2 模擬儀器設備之鋼製質量架 8 2.4.3 量測系統之配置 8 2.4.4 高架地板之基本振動頻率 8 2.4.5 試驗結果與觀察 9 2.5高架地板可能破壞之情形 9 第三章高架地板系統之分析模擬 26 3.1前言 26 3.2分析模型之建立 26 3.2.1 高架地板 26 3.2.2 鋼製質量架 26 3.3分析模型與試驗之驗證 27 3.3.1 高架地板系統之基本振動頻率比較 27 3.3.2 加速度反應之比較 27 第四章高架地板系統之減震分析 33 4.1前言 33 4.2消能減震分析 33 4.2.1 液態黏性阻尼器之介紹及力學性質 33 4.2.2 液態黏性阻尼器之等效阻尼比 35 4.2.2.1 線性黏性阻尼器之等效阻尼比 35 4.2.2.2 非線性黏性阻尼器之等效阻尼比 37 4.2.3 液態非線性黏性阻尼器設計 39 4.2.4 液態非線性黏性阻尼器之減震分析結果 40 4.3隔震減震分析 41 4.3.1 隔震支承介紹 41 4.3.2 隔震支承之設計 41 4.3.3 隔震支承之減震分析結果 42 4.4裝置消能與隔震系統頻率之比較 42 4.5小結 43 第五章結論與建議 69 5.1 結論 69 5.2 建議 70 參考文獻 71 1. 內政部營建署編輯委員會，「建築物耐震設計規範及解說」，營建雜誌社，2006。 2. 呂良正、蘇天傑，「懸吊式天花板及高架樓板系統之地震反應數值模擬」，國家地震工程研究中心(NCREE-01-009)，2001。 3. 李森枏，「SAP2000結構設計實務」，科技圖書股份有限公司，2005。 4. 周志雄，「高架地板系統振動台試驗研究」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所，2002。 5. 柴駿甫、鄧崇任、羅俊雄，「近斷層設計地震力與設計地表運動歷時」，國家地震工程研究中心(NCREE-00-033)，2000。 6. 張國鎮、黃震興、蘇晴茂、李森枏，「結構消能減震控制及隔震設計」，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2004。 7. 黃震興、汪向榮、邱聖雯，「晶圓廠使用隔減震補強試驗研究」，國家地震工程研究中心(NCREE-07-009)，2007。 8. 廖文義，「耐震性能設計與補強規範概述(Part4)」，高雄結構技師公會，耐震設計與補強研討會，2007。 U0006-0302200915303700 張羽成 Yu-Cheng Chang 新型有機染料的合成及其在染料敏化太陽能電池上的應用 Synthesis of Novel Organic Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells 張淑美碩士國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所 95518013 97 98 中文 147 有機染料推電子基拉電子基染料敏化太陽能 organic dye donor aceeptor dye-sensitized solar cell. 在本論文中，我們合成了一系列有機染料化合物，其結構均包含推電子基團、π共軛鏈及拉電子基團。其中推電子基團為胺類衍生物，拉電子基團為氰基。並且以這些結構來當作染料敏化太陽能電池的材料。在物理性質方面，我們測試化合物其個別的吸收光譜、螢光激發光譜和電化學性質。同時也將其製作成染料敏化太陽能電池元件，利用太陽光模擬系統來進行光電轉換效率(η)的測試。 In this thesis, organic dyes with the structure of donor-conjugated chain-acceptor (D-π-A) have been synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The electron donating and accepting groups are arylamine and cyano acrylic acid , respectively. All of these compounds were characterized by UV/VIS spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer and cyclic voltammetry. The photo-conversion results of their DSSC devices were inspected using the AM 1.5 simulated solar light system. 摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 化合物結構與編號 xi 第一章序論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 太陽能電池 2 1.2.1 太陽能電池工作原理 2 1.2.2 太陽能電池種類 4 1.2.2.1 單晶矽太陽能電池 4 1.2.2.2 多晶矽太陽能電池 5 1.2.2.3 非晶矽太陽能電池 6 1.2.2.4 化合物半導體太陽能電池 6 1.2.2.5 無機太陽能電池 7 1.2.2.6 有機太陽能電池 7 1.2.2.7 濕式太陽能電池 8 第二章原理及文獻回顧 10 2.1 染料敏化太陽能電池 10 2.2 電池結構及基本原理 10 2.2.1 太陽能電池光電轉換效率 13 2.3 半導體電極 15 2.4 電解液 17 2.5 染料 18 2.5.1 多聯吡啶(polypyridyl) 19 2.5.2 紫質(Porphyrin) 22 2.5.3 有機染料(Organic dye) 23 2.6 金屬對電極 24 第三章具推拉電子基結構的合成及其特性探討 25 3.1 實驗動機及目的 25 3.2 染料的合成及策略 27 3.3 光學性質探討 32 3.4 電化學性質探討 36 3.5 染料電子雲分佈探討 39 3.6 太陽能電池元件探討 40 第四章三苯胺衍生物的合成及其特性探討 42 4.1 實驗設計 42 4.2 染料的合成及策略 43 4.3 光學性質探討 46 4.4 電化學性質探討 48 4.5 染料電子模擬圖 50 4.6 太陽能電池元件探討 52 第五章含rhodanine-3-acetic acid為取代基的染料設計及探討 56 5.1 實驗設計 56 5.2 染料的合成及策略 56 5.3 光學性質探討 57 5.4 電化學性質探討 59 5.5 染料電子雲分佈探討 60 5.6 太陽能電池元件探討 61 第六章結論 63 第七章實驗部份 64 7.1 實驗儀器和藥品 64 7.2 合成步驟及數據 66 參考文獻 101 附錄化合物之 1H與13C 核磁共振光譜圖 104 表目錄表1.2.1 各類太陽能電池比較表 9 表3.1 化合物光電物理性質表 38 表3.2 太陽能電池元件數據表 41 表4.1 化合物14a~14e光電物理性質表 49 表4.2 化合物14a、14b、14c 太陽能電池元件數據表 55 表4.3 化合物14a、14d、14e 太陽能電池元件數據表 55 表5.1 化合物15a、15b光電物理性質表 60 表5.2 化合物15a、15b 太陽能電池元件數據表 62 圖目錄圖1.2.1.1 太陽能電池發電原理示意圖 3 圖2.2.1 染料敏化太陽能電池結構與反應機制圖 12 圖2.2.2 迴路電子-電洞再結合路徑圖 13 圖2.5.1.1 N3、N719、Black dye之結構圖 20 圖2.5.1.2 N3及Black dye之IPCE比較圖 21 圖2.5.1.3 羧酸基和TiO2鍵結示意圖 21 圖2.5.2.1 紫質結構圖 23 圖2.5.3.1 各種不同類型的有機染料 24 圖3.1.1 染料設計示意圖圖 26 圖3.1.2 染料設計結構圖 26 圖3.2.1 逆合成策略 27 圖3.2.2 化合物1、2合成流程圖 27 圖3.2.3 化合物3、4合成流程圖 28 圖3.2.4 化合物5合成流程圖 28 圖3.2.5 化合物1、2合成流程圖 29 圖3.2.6 化合物6a合成流程圖 29 圖3.2.7 化合物6b-1、6b合成流程圖 29 圖3.2.8 化合物6c合成流程圖 30 圖3.2.9 化合物7a、7b、7c合成流程圖 30 圖3.2.10 化合物8a、8b、8c合成流程圖 31 圖3.2.11 化合物9a、9b、9c合成流程圖 31 圖3.3.1 化合物9a、9b、9c之UV-Vis吸收光譜圖 33 圖3.3.2 化合物9a、9b、9c吸附在TiO2上之UV-Vis吸收光譜圖 33 圖3.3.3 化合物9a、9b、9c的激發光譜圖 34 圖3.3.4 化合物9a之UV-PL疊圖 35 圖3.3.5 化合物9b之UV-PL疊圖 35 圖3.3.6 化合物9c之UV-PL疊圖 36 圖3.4.1 化合物9a之循環伏安圖 37 圖3.4.2 化合物9b之循環伏安圖 37 圖3.4.3 化合物9c之循環伏安圖 37 圖3.4.4 染料能階分布圖 38 圖3.5.1 9a、9b、9c電子雲分佈模擬圖 39 圖3.6.1 化合物9a、化合物9b、化合物9c及N719之I-V圖 40 圖3.6.2 化合物9a、9b及9c的IPCE圖 41 圖4.1.1 tris{4-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl}amine (TPTPA)結構圖 42 圖4.1.2 三苯胺衍生物結構設計圖 43 圖4.2.1 三苯胺衍生物結構圖 43 圖4.2.2 化合物10a、10b、10c合成流程圖 44 圖4.2.3 化合物11a、11b、11c合成流程圖 44 圖4.2.4 化合物12合成流程圖 44 圖4.2.5 化合物13a、13b、13c、13d合成流程圖 45 圖4.2.6 化合物14a、14b、14c、14d合成流程圖 45 圖4.2.7 化合物14e結構圖 46 圖4.3.1 化合物14a、14b、14c、14d、14e之UV-Vis吸收光譜圖 47 圖4.3.2 化合物14a、14b、14c、14d、14e之激發光譜圖 47 圖4.4.1 化合物14a、14b、14c、14d及14e循環伏安圖 48 圖4.4.2 化合物14a~14e能階分布圖 49 圖4.5.1 14a、14d、14e電子雲分佈模擬圖 51 圖4.6.1 化合物14a、14b、14c之I-V圖 53 圖4.6.2 化合物14a、14b、14c之IPCE圖 53 圖4.6.3 化合物14a、14d、14e之I-V圖 54 圖4.6.4 化合物14a、14d、14e之I-V圖 54 圖5.1.1 含rhodanine-3-acetic acid為取代基的染料設計圖 56 圖5.2.1 化合物15a、15b合成流程圖 57 圖5.3.1 化合物15a及15b之UV-Vis吸收光譜 58 圖5.3.2 化合物15a及15b之UV-Vis吸收光譜 58 圖5.4.1 化合物15a、15b循環伏安圖 59 圖5.4.2 化合物15a、15b能階分布圖 59 圖5.5.1 化合物15a電子模擬圖 60 圖5.6.1 化合物15a、15b之IV圖 61 圖5.6.2 化合物15a、15b之IV圖 62 1. 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U0006-0302200915312800 邱莉華 Li-Hua Chiu 專科教育私人投資報酬之研究 A Study on the Private Return to Investment of Junior College Education in Taiwan 林俊彥吳惠林碩士國立台北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所 95498036 97 98 中文 113 專科教育人力資本私人投資報酬率 junior college education human capital private rate of return 本研究旨在應用人力資本理論，探討專科教育層級之就業者的私人投資報酬變化，以及不同的個人背景變項對其薪資的影響情形，提供政府與家計單位參考，並做為教育學理檢視專科教育功能的實證性研究。係採用簡捷法來比較1995年至2007年專科及高中職教育就業者的私人投資報酬高低，以Mincer的人力資本薪資函數建立迴歸模型，透過描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定及單因子變異數分析等統計方法分析，進行個人背景變項對薪資影響的差異性比較。本研究獲致以下四項結論：一、1995至2007年間，專科就業者投資報酬率平均8.5％，高中就業者投資報酬率平均3.63％，高職就業者投資報酬率平均1.28％，專科私人投資報酬率遠大於高中職私人投資報酬率，但專科就業者私人投資報酬率微幅遞減趨勢。二、由於經濟轉型，工作型態改變，女性接受專科教育相對男性專科就業者投資報酬率高。三、公立專科就業者投資報酬大於私立專科就業者的投資報酬。四、教育層級、現職年資、工時、性別、就讀類科、從業身分與學用相符等仍是影響個人薪資高低不同的重要因素，對薪資函數解釋變異量有程度不等的顯著影響。最後，根據文獻探討及研究結論，本研究提出若干建議，以供參考。 This study aims at investigating how the private rate of return of junior college degreed workers change by applying human capital theories. Also, this study discusses how different personal backgrounds affect their wage equation, hoping to provide students and parents a reference for choosing a school and to serve as an empirical study of science in education to examine junior colleges’ educational function. Adopting short-cut method, this study compares the private rate of return of junior college and vocational high school degreed workers from 1995 to 2007. And this study used Mincer’s wage equation based on human capital to establish a wage model through the statistical methodology such as descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Eventually, this study compares the difference of how personal background variables affect wages and concludes the following four statements: First, from 1995 to 2007, junior college degreed workers’ private rate of investment was much higher than high school or vocational high school degreed workers. However, the private rate of investment of junior college degreed workers tended to decrease. Second, due to economic transformation and change in working styles, female junior college degreed workers enjoy higher private rate of return than male junior college degreed workers. Third, the investment reward of the public junior college worker is bigger than the investment reward of the private junior college worker. Fourth, personal background variables such as education, current job seniority, working hours, gender, majors and whether education matches profession are all contributing to the significant difference of human capital equation. At last, according to literature reviews and research conclusion, this study makes several suggestions for a reference. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 iii 目　次 v 表　次 vii 圖　次 ix 第一章　緒論 1 第一節　研究背景與動機 1 第二節　研究目的與待答問題 4 第三節　研究範圍與限制 5 第四節　名詞釋義 6 第五節　研究方法 7 第二章　文獻探討 9 第一節　專科教育之演進與發展 9 第二節　人力資本投資之理論基礎 26 第三節　教育投資之成本效益的評估 33 第四節　教育投資報酬率之相關研究 43 第五節　高中職以上失業率比較 53 第三章　研究設計與實施 59 第一節　研究概念 59 第二節　研究方法及統計分析 61 第三節　資料處理與分析 64 第四章資料分析與討論 69 第一節　樣本基本資料分析 69 第二節　簡捷法結果討論 73 第三節　人力資本薪資決定因素分析 76 第五章　研究發現、結論與建議 85 第一節　研究發現 85 第二節　結論 86 第三節　建議 88 參考文獻 93 附錄一　我國1995年至2007年公私立專科學雜費及學生人數 103 附錄二　我國1977年至2006學年專科學生人數分布 105 附錄三　我國1975至2005學年專科畢業生人數分布 107 附錄四　行政院主計處人力運用訪問表 109 附錄五　高中以上教育與職業相稱與否之判別標準 111 附錄六　作者簡介 113 壹、中文部分王保進（2002）。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。臺北：心理。全國技專校院校務基本資料庫（2008）。公私立學校校務基本資料。2008年12月04日，取自：http://www.tvedb.yuntech.edu.tw/tvedb/index/social/social.asp 朱敬一、戴華（1996）。教育鬆綁。臺北：遠流。江文雄（1999）。技術及職業教育概論。臺北：師大書苑。江豐富（1995a）。是否以文憑作為甄選員工的依據─臺灣地區實證研究（民國67～81年）。自由中國之工業，84（2），1-24。江豐富（1995b）。以文憑還是以人力資本取才─臺灣地區實證研究。教育研究資訊，3（5），17-35。羊憶蓉（1994）。教育與國家發展：臺灣經驗。臺北：桂冠。羊憶蓉、吳惠林（1996）。教育分流與社會經濟地位—兼論：對技職教育改革的意涵。臺北：行政院教育改革審議委員會。行政院主計處（1993）。人力運用調查報告（頁144-145）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（1994）。人力運用調查報告（頁144-145）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（1995）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（1996）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（1997）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（1998）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（1999）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2000）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2001）。人力運用調查報告（頁150-151）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2002）。人力運用調查報告（頁158-159）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2003）。人力運用調查報告（頁158-159）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2004）。人力運用調查報告（頁156-157）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2005）。人力運用調查報告（頁156-157）。臺北：作者。行政院主計處（2006a）。95年人力資源調查統計 - 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U0006-0302200915373300 張玉岑 Yu-Tsern Chang 三價鉻化成皮膜綠色製程之研究 The study of green process on the manufacture of Cr (III)-based conversion coatings 楊重光博士國立台北科技大學化學工程研究所 93679011 97 98 中文 114 綠色製程鍍鋅三價鉻化成膜耐蝕性微結構化成藥液老化 green process zinc Cr (III)-based conversion coatings impedance morphology SIMS XPS ageing 本研究係利用三價鉻化成膜的製程參數、電化學性質、表面微結構分析、鹽霧試驗以及化成膜液的老化等問題，進行一系列之探討與研究。研究項目共分為三個部分，第一部分為探討三價鉻化成膜之製程參數，在鋅電鍍製程方面，使用鹼性無氰化物電鍍液；其最佳條件為: 電流密度3.0A/dm2、溫度30℃、電鍍時間30分鐘，以X-Ray膜厚機測試為10μm。化成皮膜製作方面: 浸泡時間以30~60秒、濃度12.0 v/v %、溫度在室溫、pH值控制在1.8±0.2時獲得最佳製程參數。第二部分為探討化成反應時間對三價鉻化成膜表面形貌與電化學性質影響之研究: 利用OCP方法瞭解化成膜生成的機制，EIS測得皮膜結構，得知三價鉻化成膜計有內、中、外三層結構和皮膜緻密性大小。利用極化曲線法快速測得皮膜耐蝕性質，SEM得知鈍化膜厚度為約50~200 nm、AFM能測得表面粗糙度分佈之微結構。第三部分為探討電鍍生產過程中鐵、銅離子的累積影響化成膜液的老化問題之研究: 利用不同濃度鐵離子及銅離子添加於三價鉻化成膜液，探討鍍鋅試片經化成後之皮膜抗腐蝕之研究。其結果顯示，由於鐵離子濃度之增高，皮膜之耐蝕性則降低，濃度增至140.0 mg/L開始明顯影響三價鉻鈍化膜之耐蝕性，造成皮膜表面裂紋增加。同時由於銅離子濃度提高至9.0 mg/L則開始嚴重影響三價鉻化成膜的耐蝕性，使用SIMS和XPS觀察皮膜則變厚，且形成氧化銅越多，導致皮膜結構更鬆散，造成三價鉻鈍化膜耐蝕性之下降。本研究成果可供電鍍產業在三價鉻化成製程滾鍍與吊鍍生產上之參考，監控銅、鐵離子濃度藉以提高品質。 This dissertation investigated the manufacturing factors that affect the quality of Cr (III)-based conversion coatings on zinc coated steel surface by the morphology, and electrochemistry techniques. In the first section of the dissertation, an optimal preparation condition of alkide noncyanide zincplating process were found as: current density 3.0A/dm2, electroplating time 30 min, dipping time 30~60 sec, bath concentration 12%, bath temperature 25~30℃, pH value 2.0 ± 0.1. Salt spray results showed that the Cr (III)-based conversion coatings have better anticorrosion property than that of the Cr (VI) conversion coating. The second section of the dissertation investigated the effects of immersion time on morphology and electrochemical properties of the Cr (III)-based conversion coatings on zinc coated steel surface. By means of the nondestructive measurement technique, corrosion properties can be quickly evaluated by using an EIS, In addition, the roughness profile was monitored by SEM、AFM. The third part of the dissertation discussed the effects of contamination of pollution ions on the corrosion properties of Cr (III)-coated films on zinc. The ferric and copper ions were individually added to Cr (III) conversion coating solution, effects of anticorrosion properties were correlated. Results showed that the increase of ferric ion concentration to 140 mg/L would decrease the corrosion properties. Moreover, cracks were noticed as the increase of film thickness. Increase of the copper ion concentration accelerated the growth of the film. For the case of copper compound concentration raised to 9.0 mg/L of copper ion, the corrosion result on Cr (III)-based conversion coatings has improved. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝iv 目錄v 表目錄viii 圖目錄ix 第一章緒論1 1.1前言1 1.2文獻回顧3 1.2.1電鍍鋅之發展3 1.2.2鉻酸鹽化成皮膜之發展 3 1.2.3三價鉻鈍化膜成膜之機制 4 1.2.4六價鉻與三價鉻化成膜的比較7 1.3研究動機9 第二章理論探討10 2.1鹼性無氰化物鍍鋅原理10 2.2化成處理原理11 2.3溶解度積(Ksp)及沉澱原理11 2.4電化學交流阻抗頻譜原理12 2.5線性極化掃描原理15 2.6二次離子質譜原理17 2.7化學分析電子術原理17 2.8鹽霧試驗18 第三章實驗方法19 3.1藥品19 3.2鹼性鍍鋅試片與化成膜試片製作21 3.3實驗步驟23 3.3.1第一部分三價鉻化成膜製程參數最適化之研究23 3.3.2第二部分化成反應時間對三價鉻化成膜的表面形貌與電化學性質之探討24 3.3.3第三部份三價鉻藥液老化問題之研究25 3.3.3.1三價鉻藥液分別加入不同濃度之鐵離子25 3.3.3.2三價鉻藥液分別加入不同濃度之銅離子25 3.3.3.3電鍍工廠三價鉻藥液污染離子含量之追蹤25 3.4實驗設備26 3.4.1鹽霧試驗機26 3.4.2電化學性質檢測設備27 3.4.2.1電鍍槽27 3.4.2.2恆電位儀28 3.4.2.3交流阻抗頻譜檢測28 3.4.3化成膜微結構分析儀29 3.4.3.1掃瞄式電子顯微鏡29 3.4.3.2原子力顯微鏡30 3.4.3.3 X-Ray螢光膜厚儀30 3.4.3.4成分縱深分析儀31 3.4.3.5金屬含量分析儀31 第四章三價鉻化成膜製程之最適化研究 32 4.1鹼性無氰化物鍍鋅製程32 4.2三價鉻化成膜製程35 4.2.1濃度變化因子 35 4.2.1.1線性極化掃瞄分析35 4.2.1.2交流阻抗頻譜分析38 4.2.2 pH值變化因子42 4.2.2.1線性極化掃瞄分析42 4.2.2.2交流阻抗頻譜分析44 4.2.3溫度變化因子48 4.2.3.1線性極化掃瞄分析48 4.3小結論 50 第五章化成反應時間對三價鉻化成膜之表面形貌與電化學性質的影響51 5.1開環電位量測51 5.2化成反應時間對三價鉻化成膜之表面形貌變化53 5.3化成反應時間對三價鉻化成膜之電化學性質的影響59 5.3.1線性極化掃瞄分析59 5.3.2交流阻抗頻譜分析62 5.4化成反應時間對三價鉻化成膜之鹽霧試驗的影響 65 5.5小結論 68 第六章探討電鍍工廠污染離子對三價鉻化成藥液之老化行為69 6.1三價鐵離子對三價鉻化成膜之腐蝕研究70 6.1.1線性極化掃描分析70 6.1.2交流阻抗頻譜分析72 6.1.3掃瞄式電子顯微鏡表面形態分析77 6.1.4二次離子質譜分析80 6.1.5光電子能譜分析81 6.1.6小結論83 6.2添加銅離子對鍍鋅三價鉻化成膜抗蝕之研究84 6.2.1線性極化掃描分析84 6.2.2交流阻抗頻譜分析86 6.2.2.1交流阻抗等效電路分析 86 6.2.3掃瞄式電子顯微鏡表面形態分析91 6.2.4二次離子質譜分析94 6.2.5小結論95 6.3電鍍工廠三價鉻製程之老化研究96 6.3.1電鍍工廠三價鉻化成吊鍍生產線之鉻、鐵、銅含量追蹤97 6.3.2電鍍工廠三價鉻化成滾鍍生產線之鉻、鐵、銅含量追蹤99 6.3.3小結論101 第七章結論102 7.1第一部份102 7.2第二部份102 7.3第三部份102 7.4未來與展望103 參考文獻 104 附錄 A.符號(公式)彙編109 B.作者簡介111 C.最近四年發表 SCI國際期刊及學術研討會112 D.最近四年參與教育部推動技專校院與產業園區產學合作計畫一覽表 113 E.最近四年得獎或研究成果114 [1]T. 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Yang, "The effects of immersion time on morphology and electrochemical properties of the Cr(III)- based conversion coatings on zinc coated steel surface, "corrosion science, Vol.50, no.12, 2008, pp.3494-3499 U0006-0302200916405600 劉正偉 Chen-Wei Liu 金宋擅解－互動科技結合宋代水墨畫之研究與實作 A Study and Practice on Traditional Chinese Painting of Sung Dynasty with Interactive Technology 李來春 Lai-Chung Lee 碩士國立台北科技大學創新設計研究所 95588032 97 98 中文 104 新媒體數位藝術互動裝置藝術黃金時代皴法影像辨識 new media digital art interactive installation golden era image recognition 二十一世紀數位化時代來臨，近年來，各種科技互動裝置與各種感知器的發展與普及讓數位藝術創作走向更加靈活與人性，人們對於藝術不再只是旁觀者，而是可以與作品透過互動裝置進行各種溝通，達到體驗式的多方交流，甚至成為作品的一部分。在觀察國內外各種互動式數位藝術中發現創作與獨特性的重要，研究者討論與思索後本創作決定以東方風格為出發點，其中名家輩出素以黃金時代著稱的宋朝山水畫為取材，以互動科技做為媒介，將古畫進行各項結構性的拆解、分析與多元的重製，利用影像辨識技術與相關電腦繪圖技術來達成古畫的重新詮釋與再造，藉由互動科技與宋朝古畫的結合讓人們對於中國傳統水墨畫有不同的感知體驗，以形成獨特的中國現代筆墨意趣。本創作透過對於數位藝術、互動科技與宋代的畫風與中國山水畫的構圖、視覺形成原理的深入分析了解，作為本創作的主要發展參考，同時依據創作本身的論述，包括創作理念、歷程與運用的技術，而進行各種創作的發展、實驗與實作，導出創作成果的展現，包括展覽文宣品設計、作品展演實況等，最後則提出整體創作心得與相關建議。藉由論文本身，陳述整個作品理念與相關創作意涵，提供未來相關中國式數位創作的參考依據。本創作依據理念的架構，在實作部分整體命名為「金宋擅解」互動裝置藝術，分為系列作三部，第一部命名為「宋之皴」主要在表現宋代畫中皴法的獨特筆法；第二部為「宋之置」主要張顯宋代畫中獨特位置的表現，第三部為「宋之境」主要表現宋代畫中意境的營造，整體系列作於國立台北科技大學設計館六樓進行了為期一星期的公開展出，並且透過實作的展演與新聞稿、文宣的設計，讓相關媒體與觀眾能夠了解作品本身的意涵進而前來參觀，與作品與創作者交流與互動。 Digitization becomes the mainstream of the era as we enter the 21st century. In recent years, development and diffusion of technological interactive installations and electronic censors lead creation of digital arts more active and human; people now are not just observers but able to communicate with artworks through various kind of interactive installations, which involve the spectators in many ways, sometimes, an audience can even participate in those artworks and become a part of it. When study international and domestic interactive digital artworks, I found out the importance of subjectivity, unique creation and special individuality. After long discussion and thoroughly consideration, I decided to focus my research on oriental arts, concentration in landscapes by well known painters of the golden Sung dynasty, and utilize interactive technologies as a medium to deconstruct, analyze, and reproduce Chinese paintings from the old days; give those old paintings a brand new vision and features through image recognition and related computer graphic technologies, let audience has different experience on traditional Chinese water-ink paintings via interactive technology. The format of this paper is a creative style, In the first chapter, motivation, goal and background of creation are well described, the second chapter is about bibliography, correlated interactive technology documents are integrated and generalized in order to analyze styles of the Sung paintings, and frameworks and visions of Chinese landscapes. The third chapter is the creation interpretation, includes theories of creation, the process of creation and utilization of technologies. The forth chapter is the performance, which is about press kits design, and the exhibition itself. The final chapter contains the entire creation process review and the conclusion. Through this paper, the ideas of my artwork and meanings about my creation are well described, providing a useful reference for digital creations in Chinese art field in the future. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 iii 誌謝 v 目錄 vi 表目錄 x 圖目錄 xi 第一章緒論 1 1.1 創作動機 1 1.2 創作背景 1 1.3 創作目的 2 1.4 創作範圍 3 1.5 創作方法與步驟 4 1.5.1主題確立階段 4 1.5.2議題分析階段 5 1.5.3創作規劃與實作階段 5 1.5.4成果展示階段 5 第二章文獻探討 7 2.1數位藝術 7 2.1.1數位藝術之定義與特質 7 2.1.2數位藝術的多元樣貌 8 2.1.3數位藝術的美學觀點 9 2.1.4台灣的數位藝術創作 11 2.2互動裝置 14 2.2.1互動性的定義 14 2.2.2互動設計概念 15 2.2.2.1人機系統 15 2.2.2.2心理模式 16 2.2.2.3互動模式之模擬法 18 2.3中國水墨畫概觀 18 2.4中國水墨畫之美學特質 20 2.4.1意境之講究 20 2.4.2神與形的兼備 22 2.4.3獨特的構圖 23 2.4.4皴法的運用 23 2.5兩宋水墨畫概觀 24 2.6台北故宮鎮館三寶解析 26 2.6.1范寬的〈谿山行旅圖〉 26 2.6.2郭熙的〈早春圖〉 27 2.6.3李唐的〈萬壑松風圖〉 29 第三章創作內容 32 3.1創作理念 32 3.1.1宋之皴 34 3.1.2宋之置 37 3.1.3宋之境 38 3.1.4金宋擅解的意義 42 3.2創作手法與步驟 42 3.2.1後現代數位媒體設計手法 42 3.2.1.1解構手法（Deconstruction） 43 3.2.1.2拼貼手法（Collage） 43 3.2.1.3 變形手法（Deformation） 43 3.2.1.4 矛盾手法（Contradiction） 44 3.2.1.5 疊文手法（Overlapping） 44 3.2.1.6 遊戲手法（Play） 44 3.2.2創作步驟 44 3.2.2.1視覺圖面的構成 45 3.2.2.2互動介面的構成 45 3.2.2.3周邊設計構成 45 3.3互動技術與模式設計 46 3.3.1圖型辨識技術 46 3.3.2圖型辨識原理 48 3.3.2.1影像二質化 48 3.3.2.2影像樹狀資料編碼 49 3.3.2.3資料傳輸 51 3.3.2.4應用程式 51 3.3.3互動模式設計 52 3.3.3.1使用者操控區塊 52 3.3.3.2影像接收區塊 53 3.3.3.3訊息處理區塊 54 3.3.3.3裝置回饋區塊 54 3.4 互動場景規劃 56 3.4.1入口服務區 56 3.4.2作品互動區 56 3.4.3作品討論交流區 57 第四章創作歷程 58 4.1宋之皴創作 58 4.1.1宋之皴畫作解構 58 4.1.2宋之皴數位轉化 59 4.1.3宋之皴重組與修正 60 4.1.4宋之皴動畫製作 62 4.1.5宋之皴互動模式製作 63 4.2宋之置創作 64 4.2.1 宋之置畫作解構 65 4.2.2 宋之置數位轉化 65 4.2.3 宋之置重組與修正 66 4.2.4 宋之置動畫製作 68 4.2.5 宋之置互動模式製作 69 4.3宋之境創作 70 4.3.1宋之境畫作解構 71 4.3.2宋之境數位轉化 72 4.3.3宋之境重組與修正 72 4.3.4宋之境動畫製作 74 4.3.5宋之境互動模式製作 75 第五章創作成果與展示 77 5.1 識別設計 77 5.1.1金宋擅解之主題形象識別 77 5.1.2自行設計之落款 78 5.2 文宣設計 79 5.2.1互動裝置藝術展覽海報 79 5.2.2互動裝置藝術展覽邀請卡 80 5.3 展場設計 81 5.4 平面設計 81 5.4.1宋之皴平面設計 81 5.4.2宋之置平面設計 82 5.4.3宋之境平面設計 82 5.5 互動裝置設計 84 5.5.1系列作第一部「宋之皴」 84 5.5.2系列作第二部「宋之置」 86 5.5.3系列作第三部「宋之境」 87 5.6 整體互動裝置展出實況 88 5.7 互動裝置參展與競賽成果 90 第六章結論與建議 93 6.1 創作結論 93 6.1.1天馬行空之創作發想 93 6.1.2行之有理的創作規劃 94 6.1.3不斷地實驗與打破僵局 94 6.1.3完善的佈置與周邊規劃 95 6.2 後續創作之建議 96 參考文獻 97 附錄 A金宋擅解多媒體光碟 102 B第二屆 2008台北當代水墨雙年展邀請卡 103 C 2008台北當代水墨雙年展新秀獎優選獎狀 104 英文部分： Bencina, R., Kaltenbrunner, M. & Jordà, S. 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We can synthesize HBPs of Mw=4786~9841, Mn=2385~3332. Increasing the molar ratio of PGE in reaction decreases the molecular weight. Rheological behavior of the HBPs was measured by a cone-plate rheometer. It was found that the viscosity of HBPs increases with increasing molecular weight. At 120℃, and Mw=5998, the viscosity of HBPs prepared by SAA-D system is 12.4 Pa•s. In other hand, at 120℃, and Mw= 4786, the viscosity of HBPs prepared by SAA-T system is 9.5 Pa•s. The Tg’s of the HBPs synthesized from SAA-D system is about 53~70℃, and Tg of SAA-T system is about 51~62℃. The glass transition temperatures of the HBPs are about 53-70℃, which increases with the molecular weight of polymers. 摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅱ 誌謝 Ⅲ 目錄 Ⅳ 表目錄 Ⅵ 圖目錄 Ⅶ 第一章緒論 1 1.1 polymers簡介 2 1.2 Dendrimers簡介 3 1.3 超分枝高分子 6 1.4 研究動機 8 第二章原理與文獻回顧 9 2.1 線性高分子與樹狀高分子的物理特性比較 9 2.2 環氧樹脂簡介 11 2.3 文獻回顧 13 2.4 超分枝高分子之文獻整理 15 2.5 A2＋Bƒ聚合法合成超分枝高分子 18 2.5.1 添加單官能基罩蓋劑製備超分枝高分子 18 2.6 超分枝高分子的應用 19 2.7 流變行為探討 20 2.7.1 流變學簡介 20 2.7.2 穩態剪切行為 23 2.7.3 動態流變行為 24 2.7.4 流體類型 25 2.7.5 流變行為相關理論 27 2.7.6時間-溫度疊加原理 29 2.7.7 WLF方程式 30 第三章實驗內容 38 3.1 實驗藥品 38 3.2 實驗設備 41 3.3 實驗流程與步驟 43 3.3.1 實驗流程 43 3.3.2 超高分枝高分子合成 43 3.3.3 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR) 44 3.3.4 測量高分子分子量以及分佈 44 3.3.5 玻璃轉移溫度之測量 44 3.3.6 流變性質測量 44 3.3.7 最大裂解溫度之測量 45 3.3.8 環氧當量滴定 45 第四章結果與討論 46 4.1 超分枝高分子合成 46 4.2 超分枝高分子分析 47 4.2.1 FT-IR分析(計算轉化率) 47 4.2.2滴定分析(計算轉化率) 49 4.2.3 GPC分子量測量 50 4.2.4 DSC熱分析 52 4.2.5 TGA熱重量分析 54 4.3 動態流變行為探討 56 4.4 動態模式與穩態模式流變行為探討 59 第五章結論 60 圖表 61 參考文獻 120 附錄 127 表目錄表2.1 線性高分子與樹狀高分子之性質比較 10 表2.2一般硬化後的環氧樹脂具有下列特性 13 表4.1反應後利用IR吸收峰計算之超分枝高分子轉化率 49 表4.2反應後利用低定計算之超分枝高分子轉化率 50 表4.3各高分子的分子量及分子量分佈指數 52 表4.4各高分子之玻璃轉移溫度 54 表4.5超分枝高分子與線性高分子之TGA分析數據 55 表4.6超分枝高分子與線性高分子之G”、G’斜率變化 58 表4.7超分枝高分子與線性高分子之黏度比較 59 圖目錄圖1.1 非結晶性聚合物分子結構圖 3 圖1.2 結晶性聚合物分子鏈摺疊結構圖 3 圖1.3左為枝鏈澱粉(amylopectin)，右為proteoglycan 4 圖1.4 dendritic polymer分成三種型態示意圖 4 圖1.5 超分枝狀高分子的(one-pot)逐步縮合反應-AB2型 5 圖1.6接枝型高分子從起始核心到第二個世代的結構示意圖 6 圖1.7高支鏈聚合物的分子型態 7 圖2.1 各種類型高分子的分子量與黏度關係 10 圖2.2 A2+B3型式單體的逐步聚縮合反應 15 圖2.3 AB2型式單體的逐步聚縮合反應 16 圖2.4 AB2型式單體的逐步聚縮合反應 17 圖2.5 三種不同的AB2型式單體的聚縮合反應 17 圖2.6 應力應變對照如圖 23 圖2.7牛頓流體剪應力、剪切率以及黏度的關係 25 圖2.8 擬塑性流體剪應力、剪切率以及黏度的關係 26 圖2.9 膨脹性流體剪應力、剪切率以及黏度的關係 26 圖2.10賓漢流體剪應力、剪切率以及黏度的關係 27 圖2.11主曲線疊合示意圖 30 圖3.1 超分枝高分子實驗流程圖 43 圖4.1 HBPⅠa IR圖 61 圖4.2 HBPⅠb IR圖 61 圖4.3 HBPⅠc IR圖 62 圖4.4 HBPⅠd IR圖 62 圖4.5 HBPⅠe IR圖 63 圖4.6 HBPⅡa IR圖 63 圖4.7 HBPⅡb IR圖 64 圖4.8 HBPⅡc IR圖 64 圖4.9 HBPⅡd IR圖 65 圖4.10 HBPⅡe IR圖 65 圖4.11 HBPⅠa之GPC圖 66 圖4.12 HBPⅠb之GPC圖 66 圖4.13 HBPⅠc之GPC圖 67 圖4.14 HBPⅠd之GPC圖 67 圖4.15 HBPⅠe之GPC圖 68 圖4.16 SAA-D系列高分子之GPC比較圖 68 圖4.17 HBPⅡa之GPC圖 69 圖4.18 HBPⅡb之GPC圖 69 圖4.19 HBPⅡc之GPC圖 70 圖4.20 HBPⅡd之GPC圖 70 圖4.21 HBPⅡe之GPC圖 71 圖4.22 SAA-T系列高分子之GPC比較圖 71 圖4.23 HBPⅠa之DSC掃描圖 72 圖4.24 HBPⅠb之DSC掃描圖 72 圖4.25 HBPⅠc之DSC掃描圖 73 圖4.26 HBPⅠd之DSC掃描圖 73 圖4.27 HBPⅠe之DSC掃描圖 74 圖4.28 HBPⅡa之DSC掃描圖 74 圖4.29 HBPⅡb之DSC掃描圖 75 圖4.30 HBPⅡc之DSC掃描圖 75 圖4.31 HBPⅡd之DSC掃描圖 76 圖4.32 HBPⅡe之DSC掃描圖 76 圖4.33 SAA-D系列高分子之DSC比較圖 77 圖4.34 SAA-T系列高分子之DSC比較圖 77 圖4.35 DETA系列高分子之DSC比較圖 78 圖4.36線性高分子之DSC比較圖 78 圖4.37不同超分枝高分子之Tg對分子量比較圖 79 圖4.38 D.E.R.332之TGA圖 79 圖4.39 TMBP之TGA圖 80 圖4.40 SAA之TGA圖 80 圖4.41 PGE之TGA圖 81 圖4.42 HBPⅠa之TGA圖 81 圖4.43 HBPⅠb之TGA圖 82 圖4.44 HBPⅠc之TGA圖 82 圖4.45 HBPⅠd之TGA圖 83 圖4.46 HBPⅠe之TGA圖 83 圖4.47 SAA-D系列高分子之TGA比較圖 84 圖4.48 HBPⅡa之TGA圖 84 圖4.49 HBPⅡb之TGA圖 85 圖4.50 HBPⅡc之TGA圖 85 圖4.51 HBPⅡd之TGA圖 86 圖4.52 HBPⅡe之TGA圖 86 圖4.53 SAA-T系列高分子之TGA比較圖 87 圖4.54 HBPⅠa動態模數對應變掃描 87 圖4.55 HBPⅠb動態模數對應變掃描 88 圖4.56 HBPⅠc動態模數對應變掃描 88 圖4.57 HBPⅠd動態模數對應變掃描 89 圖4.58 HBPⅠe動態模數對應變掃描 89 圖4.59 HBPⅡa動態模數對應變掃描 90 圖4.60 HBPⅡb動態模數對應變掃描 90 圖4.61 HBPⅡc動態模數對應變掃描 91 圖4.62 HBPⅡd動態模數對應變掃描 91 圖4.63 HBPⅡe動態模數對應變掃描 92 圖4.64 HBPⅠa之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 92 圖4.65 HBPⅠb之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 93 圖4.66 HBPⅠc之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 93 圖4.67 HBPⅠd之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 94 圖4.68 HBPⅠe之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 94 圖4.69 HBP1之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 95 圖4.70 HBP2之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 95 圖4.71 HBP3之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 96 圖4.72 HBP4之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 96 圖4.73 HBP5之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 97 圖4.74 LIP1之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 97 圖4.75 LIP2之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 98 圖4.76 HBPⅡa之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 98 圖4.77 HBPⅡb之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 99 圖4.78 HBPⅡc之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 99 圖4.79 HBPⅡd之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 100 圖4.80 HBPⅡe之G”、G’對頻率之主曲線圖(參考溫度為120℃) 100 圖4.81在不同溫度下HBPⅠa之複合黏度對頻率作圖 101 圖4.82在不同溫度下HBPⅠb之複合黏度對頻率作圖 101 圖4.83在不同溫度下HBPⅠc之複合黏度對頻率作圖 102 圖4.84在不同溫度下HBPⅠd之複合黏度對頻率作圖 102 圖4.85在不同溫度下HBPⅠe之複合黏度對頻率作圖 103 圖4.86在不同溫度下HBPⅡa之複合黏度對頻率作圖 103 圖4.87在不同溫度下HBPⅡb之複合黏度對頻率作圖 104 圖4.88在不同溫度下HBPⅡc之複合黏度對頻率作圖 104 圖4.89在不同溫度下HBPⅡd之複合黏度對頻率作圖 105 圖4.90在不同溫度下HBPⅡe之複合黏度對頻率作圖 105 圖4.91在不同溫度下LIP1之複合黏度對頻率作圖 106 圖4.92在不同溫度下LIP2之複合黏度對頻率作圖 106 圖4.93 SAA-D系列高分子於120 ℃之複合黏度對頻率比較圖 107 圖4.94 SAA-T系列高分子於120 ℃之複合黏度對頻率比較圖 107 圖4.95 DETA系列高分子於120 ℃之複合黏度對頻率比較圖 108 圖4.96線性高分子於120 ℃之複合黏度對頻率比較圖 108 圖4.97分子量相近的高分子於120 ℃之複合黏度對頻率比較圖 109 圖4.98分子量相近的超分枝高分子於120 ℃之複合黏度對頻率比較圖 109 圖4.99不同高分子之複合黏度對分子量比較圖 110 圖4.100在不同溫度下HBPⅠa之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 110 圖4.101在不同溫度下HBPⅠb之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 111 圖4.102在不同溫度下HBPⅠc之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 111 圖4.103在不同溫度下HBPⅠd之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 112 圖4.104在不同溫度下HBPⅠe之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 112 圖4.105在不同溫度下HBPⅡa之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 113 圖4.106在不同溫度下HBPⅡb之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 113 圖4.107在不同溫度下HBPⅡc之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 114 圖4.108在不同溫度下HBPⅡd之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 114 圖4.109在不同溫度下HBPⅡe之複合黏度與剪切黏度比較圖 115 圖4.110 SAA-D系列高分子之G”對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 115 圖4.111 SAA-D系列高分子之G’對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 116 圖4.112 SAA-T系列高分子之G”對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 116 圖4.113 SAA-T系列高分子之G’對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 117 圖4.114 DETA系列高分子之G”對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 117 圖4.115 DETA系列高分子之G’對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 118 圖4.116 DMED系列高分子之G”對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 118 圖4.117 DMED系列高分子之G’對頻率之比較圖(參考溫度為120℃) 119 [1] Malcolm P. 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U0006-0302200917543700 陳冠銘 Kuan-Ming Chen 一個可擴充的線上會議系統模型 An Extendable Web-based Conference System Model 陳偉凱碩士國立台北科技大學資訊工程系研究所 95598050 97 98 中文 56 線上系統會議系統表單命令問題 Web-Based Conference Form Command Question 會議管理系統(Conference Management System)是一個應用於舉辦學術研會，提供參加者上傳論文、審查論文、觀看論文審查狀態等等操作與管理功能的系統，為了提供不同地區的參加者使用，系統大多數是以Web-Based的型態呈現，網路上已經有一些現成的開放原始碼(Open Source)會議系統，提供常用的會議管理功能，但是，當主辦單位需要特定的功能時，通常需要修改大量的程式碼來進行功能需求的變更，不免造成維護上的困難與成本的增加。由於類似的系統在表單功能以及操作流程上俱有高度的重覆性，針對這類型的操作模式，本論文提出一個有彈性的模型做為會議系統的基礎架構，藉由對表單、問題以及命令做高階的包裝，讓使用者能以較低的成本，更高的可靠性建立客製化的會議管理系統。 A conference management system is an information system used by an academic conference, providing users with the functionalities of uploading papers, reviewing papers, viewing review results, etc. In order to offer access from all over the world, the system is usually web-based. There are several open source conference management systems available in the internet. These systems offer the most common functionalities needed to host a conference. However, when a special functionality is required, the conference manager needs to revise a lot of source code to satisfy the requirement. It casts maintenance difficulties and increases the cost. Since conference management systems exhibit similar form functions and operation flows, this thesis proposes a model that can be used to construct a generic conference management system. Our model packages form, question, and command in a very high level way so that a conference manager can build a customized conference management system with less cost and higher reliability. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目　錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究假設前提 5 1.3 論文組織架構 5 第二章背景及相關研究 6 2.1 會議系統 6 2.1.1會議系統概觀 6 2.1.2會議流程 7 2.2 常見的會議系統 8 2.2.1 OpenConf 8 2.2.2其他的會議系統 12 2.3 現有會議系統比較 13 第三章 CCS (Customizable Conference System) 14 3.1 一個具有彈性的系統模型 15 3.2 定義表單 18 3.3 定義問卷 19 3.4 定義命令 23 第四章系統架構設計與使用者介面 27 4.1 使用介面與功能介紹 27 4.1.1系統頁面 27 4.1.2設定表單 28 4.1.3設定問題 30 4.1.4設定命令 34 4.2 使用CCS定義一個表單 36 4.2.1分析需求 38 4.2.2建立問卷 39 4.2.3建立命令 43 4.2.4結合問卷與命令建立表單操作流程 49 4.2.5建立一個會議系統範例 49 4.2.6一個重覆利用問題的例子 51 第五章結論 54 參考文獻 56 [1] OpenConf, http://www.openconf.com/ [2] PKP, http://pkp.sfu.ca/ [3] EDAS, http://edas.info/ [4] CMI, http://cmt.research.microsoft.com/cmt/ [5] EasyChair, http://www.easychair.org/ [6] ConfMaster, http://www.confmaster.net/ [7] ConfTool, http://www.conftool.net/ [8] Confious, http://www.confious.com/ [9] CoMS, http://coms.physcon.ru/ [10] PaperCept, http://conf.papercept.net/conferences/scripts/start.pl [11] CMS-Plus, http://cms.tms.org/ [12] Paperdyne, http://www.paperdyne.com/ [13] IAPR COMMENCE, http://iaprcommence.sourceforge.net/ [14] IEEE Control Systems Society Conference Management System, http://css.paperplaza.net/conferences/scripts/start.pl [15] ConfDriver, http://www.confdriver.com/ [16] NST2007, http://www.csie.ntut.edu.tw/nst2007/ [17] Zhengwei Gu, Xin Jin, Desai, B.C. “CONFSYS: a web-based academic conference management system” [18] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides, Design Patterns, New Yotk: Addison Wesley, 1995, January 15 [19] Craig Larman, Applying UML and Patterns 3/e: Prentice Hall,2004,October 20 [20] Russ Miles, Kim Hamilton, Learning UML 2.0: O''Reilly, 2006, April U0006-0302200919560900 許英倫 Ying-Lun Hsu 全膝關節置換手術輔助機器人之機構開發 Development of a Surgical Robot for Total Knee Replacement 顏炳郎 Ping-Lang Yen 碩士國立台北科技大學自動化科技研究所 95618031 97 98 中文 58 全膝關節置換手術機器人 Total Knee Replacement Surgical Robot 近十幾年來，由於人類平均壽命的延長和出生率的下降，各國的人口都逐漸出現老化。各類退化性疾病發生率也隨著各人年齡的增長而有攀升的趨勢，而全膝關節置換手術(Total Knee Replacement)，逐漸成為治療退化性關節炎主要選項之一。傳統手術上是利用特殊製具進行置換手術，但因個人的骨頭生理特徵點不盡相同，由製具來進行手術的結果並不是非常完善。因此，結合機器人輔助手術技術，利用其可高精度切除骨頭的特性與可客製化調整手術條件，使病人得到更有品質及效用的手術。為因應手術上的實用性、安全性、精確性，本論文以3-DOF之XYZ table作為輔助手術機器人之核心，再搭配三個旋轉軸增加機構的自由度以便符合手術需要。並針對機構進行運動學(kinematics)、工作空間(Workspace)等作分析。利用此機構量測骨頭特徵點，藉由特徵點運算調整機器人姿態並依已規劃路徑進行切割。再配合控制器設計與力量感測器，讓醫生能輕易控制且確實完成切割任務，以達成輔助手術之功效。目前達成階段，已經完成多次大體實驗。因此實際手術流程與問題探討為本論文的主要研究目標。 For the past several years, the countries ‘ populations are aging gradually as a result of the human lifetime extending and the birth rate dropping. Also, various degenerative diseases occur in the man who grows old. Total Knee Replacement Surgery has become one of main choices of treating arthritis. In traditional surgery, the doctors used to perform surgery on knee replacement with particular instrument. However, the result was not very perfect because the man bone is dissimilar. Thus, combining robots which has the characteristics of high-precise cutting and customized skill helps the surgery perform. It makes the patient get good quality and effective operation. In this paper, We adopt a 3-DOF XYZ table as the technique’s center to assist the robot on surgery practically, securely, and precisely. Another, three rotating axis are combined with this structure in order to increase the degrees of freedom for need. Then we analyze this structure about kinematics, workspace, etc. This structure, Robot Calibration, is used to survey out the bone characteristic. By the bone characteristic, we calculate and adjust the robot’s posture ,then we process to cutting in drawn route. By the way, the design of controller and force sensor have an effect on the doctors to assist the surgery with bone cutting of ease-control and preciseness So far, we have done with Gross Anatomy experiment many times, hence the main study objects are about surgical process in practical and question discussion. 中文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………....i 英文摘要 …………………………………………………………………………...ii 誌謝 ………………………………………………………………………………..iii 目錄 ………………………………………………………………………………..iv 表目錄 …………………………………………………………………………...v 圖目錄 …………………………………………………………………………..vi 第一章緒論 ……………………………………………………………………...1 1.1 研究背景與動機 …………………………………………………………...1 1.2 文獻回顧 ………………………………………………………………...3 1.3 研究目的 ………………………………………………………………...8 1.4 研究方法 ………………………………………………………………...8 第二章系統架構 …………………………………………………………………….11 2.1 系統硬體介紹 ………………………………………………………….11 2.2 系統軟體介紹 ………………………………………………………….14 2.3 發展手術輔助機器人的過程 ………………………………………….15 第三章 TKR手術輔助機器人理論分析 ………………………………………….27 3.1 F.E.M分析 ……………………………………………………………….27 3.2 運動學分析 ……………………………………………………………….29 3.3 工作空間 ……………………………………………………………….39 第四章 TKR手術引導系統 ………………………………………………………….51 4.1 手術流程 ……………………………………………………………….51 4.2 實驗設計與分析 ………………………………………………………….54 第五章結論 ………………………………………………………………………….57 參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………………….58 [1] 賴志仲，全膝關節置換手術輔助機器人之研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學自動化科技研究所， 2006。 [2] 吳道中，膝關節手術機器人之術前規劃輔助系統開發，碩士論文，台北科技大學自動化科技研究所， 2006。 [3] 蔡家豪，協同合作力量控制應用於全膝關節置換手術之研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學自動化科技研究所， 2008。 [4] http://designer.mech.yzu.edu.tw/article/articles/thesis/Master_07LinHaoWei/pdf/(2000-07-05)%20%A5%7E%AC%EC%A4%E2%B3N%A9w%A6%EC%A4%CE%B0%A9%C0f%C6p%A4%D5%A5%AD%A5x%AC%E3%A8s%A4%E5%C4m%B1%B4%B0Q.pdf [5] Judd, R. P. and Knasinski, A. B., “A technique to calibrate industrial with experimental verification”, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 20-30, Feb. 1990. [6] http://campaign.hncb.com.tw/intranet/monthly/mon007/00708.pdf [7] http://www.cisst.org/~cista/445/Lectures/Robodoc.pdf [8] http://www.yzu.edu.tw/yzit/en/2001%B1%D0%A7%F7/%BE%F7%BE%B9%A4H.htm [9] http://www-sop.inria.fr/intech/robotique/slide_lirmm.pdf [10] http://www.acrobot.co.uk/Sculptor.html [11] Pamela, K. L., Cynthia C. N., "Joint Structure and Function – A Comprehensive Analysis 3rd Ed, " F. A. Davis Company, pp.290-402, 1989. [12] Acrobot: a "hands-on" robot for total knee replacement surgery Jakopec, M.; Harris, S.J.; Rodriguez y Baena, F.; Gomes, P.; Davies, B.L, 3-5 July 2002 Page(s):116 - 120 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/AMC.2002.1026901 [13] “Small Robotic Assistant for Knee Surgery inLaboratory “,Wenqiang Zhang1, Xuemei Huang2 [14] Tzung-Cheng Tsai; Yeh-Liang Hsu; “Development of a parallel surgical robot with automatic bone drilling carriage for stereotactic neurosurgery”, Volume 3, 10-13 Oct. 2004 Page(s):2156 - 2161 vol.3 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ICSMC.2004.1400646 [15] Davies, B.;Active Constraints for Robotic Knee Surgery, 4-4 May 2006 Page(s):31 - 48 U0006-0302200920512200 阮振源 Chen-Yuan Juan 懸索橋檢測與評估之研究 A Study on the Inspection and Assessment of Suspension Bridge 吳傳威碩士國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所 95428505 97 98 中文 127 懸索橋橋梁目視檢測法 Suspension bridge Bridge inspection 目視檢測為最直接、快速的檢測方法，國內橋梁目視檢測主要採用DER&U評估法，以橋梁構件損害程度、損害範圍、與安全相關性等目視檢測結果，初步判定橋梁狀況。目前管理單位執行懸索橋檢測時，因DER&U 目視檢測評估法原僅應用在鋼筋混凝土橋梁，對於懸索橋、斜張橋、拱橋等特殊橋梁，無法適用相同的檢測評估模式，除檢測項目隨預算增加外，檢測流程雜亂無章，評估方法缺乏專家建議且依據不明，故依現行的情形來說，特殊橋梁的檢測與評估方法實有建立的必要。本研究針對懸索橋歸納整理檢測與評估方法。此方法以鋼筋混凝土橋的DER&U 法為基礎，首先設定懸索橋構件分類，用以逐一檢視懸索橋的構件狀況，再視構件損害情況設定檢測項目，同時討論構件的使用性與安全性，尋求各項檢測數據的關聯，推估懸索橋整體的健康狀態。結論最後所建議的懸索橋檢測評估模式，亦可應用於「臺灣地區橋梁管理系統」中，便利管理單位實際操作，並將檢測資訊回饋至系統中分析，使其功能更加完善。 It regards visual inspection as the most direct, fast detection method. So far, we adopt the DER&U estimation as visual inspection and initial judge the bridge state according to the damage range, the result of measuring with safe dependence. At present, the management unit can’t carry out the measures of suspension bridge just use DER&U estimation because it is used for armored concrete bridge to only originally, and without applied to special bridges, as the suspension bridge, cable stayed bridge and arched bridge …etc. Therefore, besides it will increase with the budget, the measure procedure is disorderly, and the estimation also lacks expert proposes, then evidences is not clear enough. So that in accordance with the current situation, it is necessary to set up the measuring of the special bridge and assessment methods. This text sums up and puts in measurement and methods of estimation for the suspension bridges. This method is based on DER&U. At first, divides the component of the suspension bridge for looking over the component of the suspension bridge one by one. Then, sets up the project of measuring depended on the damages of component. And also discuss the use and security of these components at the same time for seeking the relation of every measuring data. Finally, estimate the whole health state of suspension bridges. The measurement and methods of estimation for the suspension bridges in this text also can applied to “Taiwan Bridge Management System＂. It is favorable to practical operate for management unit, and send the measure information back to system for analysis. Finally, makes the function perfectly. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 01 1.1 研究緣起 01 1.2 研究目的 01 1.3 研究範圍與限制 02 1.4 研究方法與流程 02 第二章文獻回顧 04 2.1 懸索橋的演進 04 2.2 懸索橋的跨距 06 2.3 懸索橋的結構種類 07 2.4 懸索橋的構件 09 2.4.1 橋塔 09 2.4.2 錨定 10 2.4.3 主纜索 14 2.4.4 吊索 23 2.4.5 主梁及橫斷面穩定結構 26 2.5 懸索橋的設計 27 2.6 懸索橋的損害 29 2.6.1 主纜索損害 29 2.6.2 吊索損害 31 2.6.3 纜索套箍螺栓損害 32 2.6.4 風力損害 32 2.7 小結 36 第三章懸索橋檢測與評估 37 3.1 通用性工作 37 3.1.1 檢測種類 37 3.1.2 檢測頻率 37 3.1.3 檢測工具 38 3.2 DER＆U系統 39 3.3 檢測資訊分析 40 3.3.1 檢測項目分類 40 3.3.2 檢測項目權重 41 3.3.3 檢測要點及相關表格 42 3.4 建議評估原則 46 3.4.1 D值判斷原則 46 3.4.2 E值判斷原則 47 3.4.3 R值判斷原則 47 3.4.4 U值判斷原則 49 3.4.5 評估指標計算 50 3.5 材料的應用與劣化模式 54 3.5.1 鋼筋混凝土 54 3.5.2 鋼結構 59 3.5.3 纜索結構 62 3.6 構件劣化評估範例 70 3.6.1 橋塔劣化判定準則 71 3.6.2 鋼纜劣化判定準則 73 3.6.3 錨定劣化判定準則 81 3.7 小結 87 第四章實例應用與分析 88 4.1 標的物概述 88 4.2 目視檢測與規劃 91 4.2.1 目視檢測重點 92 4.2.2 目視檢測內容 94 4.2.3 目視檢測紀錄 95 4.2.4 指標計算 97 4.3 進階測量與檢驗 99 4.3.1 測量工作 99 4.3.2 檢驗項目 99 4.3.3 橋梁整體評估 106 4.3.4 損壞修復與建議 108 4.4 小結 110 第五章結論與建議 111 5.1結論 111 5.2建議 112 參考文獻 113 附錄A：懸索橋構件權重值問卷 115 附錄B：案例檢測資料 124 [1] Emill Simiu and Robert H. Scanlan,”Wind Effects on Structures Fundamentals and Applications to Design” [2] FURUYA K. et al. Corrosion protection for the main cables of suspension bridge.IABSE Reports,Vol. 79,1997,pp. 341-346 [3] Kazuhiko Furuya, Makoto Kitagawa, Shun-ichi Nakamura, Keita Suzumura，”Corrosion Mechanism and Protection Methods for Suspension Bridge Cables”，Stuctural Engineering International，IABSE，eport189,March,2000. [4] Marco Petrangeli, Marcello Petrangeli,”Rehabiliation of Sidi M’cid Suspension Bridge-Algeria”，Stuctural Engineering International, Report254, IABSE，April,2000. [5] Niels J. Gimsing，”Cable Supported Bridge-Concept & Design”`,2nd Edition，John Wiley & Sons，New York，1997. [6] 公路養護手冊，交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部，交通部，2003 [7] 中國公路學會橋梁和結構工程分會2006年全國橋梁學術會議論文集，中國公路學會橋梁和結構工程分會王永珩, 游慶仲主編，人民交通出版社，北京，2006。 [8] 混凝土、鋼橋一般檢測手冊，中華顧問工程司，臺灣省住宅及都市發展局，1996。 [9] 海峽兩岸橋梁工程學術與實務研討會論文集，逢甲大學主辦，1995。 [10] 鋼斜張橋之技術，日本道路協會。 [11] 王如鈺、王雲程，橋梁吊索講義，憬藝企業有限公司，臺北市，1996。 [12] 王有志、王广志、任鋒、王广月等編著，橋梁可靠性評估與加固，中國水利水電出版社，北京，2002。 [13] 李有豐、林安彥，橋梁檢測評估與補強，全華圖書，臺北，2000。 [14] 李有豐、謝尚賢等，建立橋梁檢測制度方法及準則之研究，交通部運輸研究所，2002。 [15] 宋裕祺、張荻薇，「鋼橋腐蝕評估與修補技術」，臺灣營建研究院，橋梁腐蝕防治論文集，台北，1999。 [16] 林金田，臺灣的吊橋，國史館臺灣文獻館，南投市，2002。 [17] 林楚儒，斜張橋或吊橋實際演算之解說，2002。 [18] 吳瑞龍、謝哲雄、馬昆平、久保元生、谷岸淳一、小川久志，「集鹿大橋吊索修復工程」，臺灣公路工程第31卷第11期，2005。 [19] 周孟波主編，斜拉橋手冊，人民交通出版社，北京，2004。 [20] 周先雁、王解軍編著，橋梁工程，北京大學出版社，北京，2008。 [21] 徐耀賜、林俊雄、呂東苗、茍昌煥、張奇偉，「橋梁結構損壞模式之研究(二)」，交通部科技顧問室，臺北市，2001。 [22] 徐耀賜，懸索橋，國彰出版社，2006。 [23] 高杰主編，橋梁工程，科學出版社，北京，2004。 [24] 廖先格，混凝土橋梁目視檢測自動化輔助系統之研究，碩士論文，國立中央大學，桃園，2005。 [25] 蔡俊鐿，斜張橋，科技圖書公司，臺北市，1999。 [26] 謝明俸，南瀛吊橋誌，臺南縣政府，臺南，2007。 U0006-0302200921033700 黃聰奇 Tsung-Chi Huang 織布風管空調系統及其可視化熱流場特性之研究 Study on the Textile-Duct Air-Conditioning System and It’s Visual Characteristics of Air-Flow and Temperature Fields 黃博全碩士國立台北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班 95458502 97 98 中文 111 織布風管冷凝水射程距離靜壓再得現象 Textile Duct Condense Wate Jet Distance Static Pressure Gets Again Phenomenon 空調中使用風管的目的，為增進溫、濕度和流動度的有效率分布，產生均勻的室溫及舒適的環境；有別於傳統風管，在防火材料的新發現下，織布材質使用於空調風管系統具有風速及溫度分佈均勻、免保溫、成本低、重量輕、施工容易、可定期清洗保養及運輸容易等優點，有成為取代傳統風管為未來風管的主流。本研究以實驗方法針對同一室內環境條件及設備下，對低、中、高風速型織布及鐵皮風管的管內風速、出風風速、內部壓力、環境溫度場、管外氣流場及風管成本費用等方面，探討並分析其織布風管與鐵皮保溫風管之間的差異。實驗研究結果顯示(1)結合紅外線熱像儀與黑布幕，是研究大面積及暫態透明空氣可視化溫度場的一種理想方法。(2)織布風管本身材質的柔軟性和透氣性，其設計方式和鐵皮或硬質風管不同，以Moody Chart 及Darcy-Weisbach方程式之計算分析方式，繪製出織布風管的摩擦阻力線圖，提供簡單方便使用的摩擦阻力計算圖表。(3)織布風管本身就是風道及出風口，相對於鐵皮風管，其穩定風量變化、均勻出風狀態、管內低速度、分佈均勻及穩定的室內溫度變化，適合於人員環境需求。(4)於低速型織布風管管內外的氣流溫差，會加快了環境氣流及溫度的混合。(5)中、高速型織布風管管內外的溫差並不影響環境氣流變化，其變化決定於出風孔口角度及氣流射程距離。(6)織布風管在設計上採用一致尺寸，管內風量及風速隨風管長度而降減，產生靜壓再得現象，降低了風管輸送的壓力損失，減少運轉時的能源消耗；且織布風管沒有風門及擴散出風口等出風元件，減少了風管次要損失，有效節省能源。 Use the purpose of duct in the air-conditioning. For promoting temperature and humidity and air fluxion of efficient distribute the exploitation. Provide the even indoor temperature and comfortable environment. Different traditional duct mode. Prevent fire the detection of the material recently. The textile material usage has the wind velocity and temperature in the air condition duct system even, do not need the heat preservation, cost low, the weight is light and construct easily and can periodically clean to maintain and transport easy etc. advantage. This research makes use of same under the indoor environment condition and the equipment condition. For the low, medium and high wind velocity textile duct and the sheet iron duct of the wind velocity, internal pressure, environment temperature field for wind velocity, surface inside the tube of and take care of the aspects, such as the outside current of air field and the duct cost expenses...etc. The usage experiments and analyzes the difference of textile duct and the sheet iron heat preservation duct. Experimenting the research result manifestation (1) Combining the infrared heat displayer with the black cloth. Is study the big area and transient the transparent air of the can see to turn the temperature field of a kind of ideal method. (2) The textile duct oneself the softness and the well ventilated of the material. It designs the way and sheet iron or the hard duct dissimilarity. Analyze the way with the calculation of the Moody Chart and the Darcy-Weisbach equation. Describe the friction resistance line diagram of the textile duct. Provide the friction resistance calculation chart of the simply convenient usage. (3) textile duct oneself is the breeze way and pay the place with a draught. It stabilizes breeze the quantity changes , even pay the breeze appearance, material absorbs the sound and takes care of inside the low speed degree and distributes the even and stable indoor temperature variety. Suitable for personnel''s environment need. (4) Take care of in the low speed a textile duct inside and outside of current of air difference in temperature, will speed the environment current of air and the mixture of the temperature. (5)The Medium and The high wind velocity a textile duct inside and outside of the difference in temperature does not influence the environment current of air variety, it changes the decision in pay the breeze hole quarrel degree and the current of Jet Distance . (6) The textile duct of the tube to adopt the consistent size on the design. Tube inside air volume and the wind velocity of the length and declines to reduce with the air, producing the static pressure again get phenomenon. The pressure that reduces the duct to transport loses. The energy that reduce the operation consumes. The textile duct has no damper and spread the place with a draught...etc. component. Reducing the breeze to take care of the next in importance loss, effectively saving the energy. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 viii 圖目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機 2 1.3 文獻回顧 3 1.4 研究目的 3 1.5 研究流程 5 第二章布質風管材質 6 2.1 織布材質 6 2.2 阻燃織物之國內、外標準及試驗方法 8 2.2.1 UL 94 可燃性試驗 8 2.2.2 CNS阻燃性試驗標準 10 2.3 阻燃理論及常用纖維的阻燃加工 11 2.3.1 阻燃理論 12 2.3.2 常用纖維的阻燃 13 2.3.2.1 棉的阻燃 14 2.3.2.2 嫘縈纖維的阻燃 15 2.3.2.3 聚酯纖維的阻燃 15 2.3.2.4 聚丙烯腈纖維的阻燃 15 2.3.2.5 聚丙烯纖維的阻燃 15 2.3.2.6 聚醯胺纖維的阻燃 15 第三章織布風管空調系統之特性 17 3.1 織布風管特性與原理 17 3.2 織布風管之型式 19 3.2.1 低速氣流型風管 20 3.2.1.1 圓管低速氣流型風管 21 3.2.1.2 半圓管低速氣流型風管 23 3.2.2 中速氣流型風管 26 3.2.3 高速氣流型風管 28 第四章織布風管空調系統之設計 31 4.1 織布風管之理論 31 4.1.1 連續方程式（Continuity Equation） 31 4.1.2 Bernoulli方程式 31 4.1.3 達西定律 34 4.2 織布風管空調系統之設計 35 4.2.1 空調系統設計 35 4.2.2 織布風管設計 37 4.3 風管阻力之計算 42 4.3.1 靜壓及動壓 42 4.3.2 摩擦損失 43 4.3.2.1 摩擦係數 44 4.3.2.2 相對粗糙度 46 4.3.3 次要損失 47 4.4 系統及管路之決定 52 4.4.1 風管尺寸之決定 55 4.4.1.1 減速法 55 4.4.1.2 靜壓再得法(等靜壓法) 56 第五章實驗及測試方法 58 5.1 實驗方法 58 5.1.1 實驗室空調設施之建立 58 5.1.2 風管之選定 59 5.2 測試方法 62 5.3 實驗量測儀器 63 5.4 量測步驟 68 5.5 實驗之風管安裝 71 5.6 實驗誤差分析 73 第六章結果與討論 75 6.1 織布風管摩擦阻力特性曲線 75 6.2 織布風管性能實驗分析 81 6.2.1 管內壓力 81 6.2.2管內速度 86 6.2.3織布風管表面之滲透出風速度 88 6.2.4織布風管出風口之出風速度 89 6.3 管外氣流溫度場特性實驗分析 91 6.4 管外可視化氣流場實驗分析 101 6.5 織布與鐵皮之風管成本分析 103 第七章結論及建議 105 7.1 結論 105 7.2 建議 106 參考文獻 107 符號彙編 109 [1] F. 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[27] 國立台灣師範大學物理系，”普通物理實驗手冊”，2008， [28] 中國國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局，”空調通風系統清洗規範GB1920—22003”， 2003。 [29] ”中央空調肺部健康成焦點”，http://cs.ccgp.gov.cn/gysh/dqsb/xgbd/757091 U0006-0302200923053500 蕭雅帆 Ya-fan Hsiao 都市傳統商圈再造問題之研究-以台北市天母商圈為例 Research on Renewal and Reconstruction of Business Area-the Case of Tianmu Business Area 宋立垚碩士國立台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所 96528025 97 98 中文 199 商圈再造地方自明性因地制宜永續規劃 Reconstruction of Business Area Identity Suit the measure to local conditions Sustainable planning 隨著都市商業環境的改變，新舊商圈間會不斷競爭消長。都市內的傳統商圈以過去歷史脈絡與交通匯集等因素自然發展形成，在區位條件、交通環境與地區文化皆有所差異，而在商圈環境無整體規劃、實質環境品質低落與資源缺乏有效串聯的影響下，往往造成傳統型商圈無法與新型商圈競爭對抗，逐漸沒落與衰退。經濟部商業司推動商圈再造計畫至今已十餘年，目前在再造過程中，無論是實質環境的改善、商圈組織的經營管理、政策施行方向與地方居民協調層面，都面臨問題待改善，實有檢討之必要。本研究範疇以台北市天母商圈為例，運用田野調查與深入訪談方式從公部門、輔導團隊、地方代表與商圈組織等面向探討商圈再造遭遇之問題，提供未來相關單位之參考。研究的重要發現有：（1）應建立因地制宜的再造模式，以整體性思維進行商圈環境之規劃，運用因地制宜的互動與設計融入地方環境；（2）地方居民與商圈店家共存共榮的共識凝聚，增加對於環境的認同感；(3) 商圈組織自主完善的運作機制建立，學習獨立經營，以及永續規劃的概念。對公部門之建議：提供多元的金融優惠與商店街的基金補助機制，並建立統一整合的組織單位進行決策。對輔導團隊之建議：加強與地方住民與店家的溝通協調，以地方自明性的策略導向，發展適合商圈的再造模式。對商圈組織之建議：整合擬定商圈發展方向，學習共存共榮的營造模式，帶動地區產業與商業的發展，以地區整體效益作考量，創造整體商業環境的提升與成長。 With the business environment in the city has changed, between the traditional and the new business area will continue to rise and fall of the competition. The traditional district in the city was development naturally in the site conditions, traffic environment and different cultural. Under the influence of environment of business area without an overall plan, decline in the quality of the physical environment and the lack of resources, the traditional business area can not contend with the new one, it will decline and recession gradually. The Reconstruction of Business Area has been promoting more than ten years, the process of reconstruction in recent, whether in the improvement of physical environment, the operation and management of district organization, policies, and the communication with local residents, are facing the issues and problems. As a result, it is necessary to review these issues and problems. This research takes the examples of Tianmu Business Area. Using field study, in-depth interview, analyzing the questions from three fields—government, counseling team, local representatives and district organizations. Important discoveries in this research are as follows, 1. Should be established the model of reconstruction suit the measure to local conditions and plan comprehensively. According to the characteristics of different areas, design different interaction for the local environment. 2. Local residents and the district stores gather consensus to exist and flourish together, increasing the sense of identity with the environment. 3. The establishment of the operating mechanism of the district organizations, learning independent operation, as well as the concept of sustainable planning. Suggestions: To governments: To provide a wide range of financial benefits, business area of the fund mechanisms and the establishment of decision-making organizations. To counseling team: Enhance the communication with local residents and stores, with the direction of identity, developing appropriate a mode of the reconstruction of business area. To district organizations: Draft the direction and development of business area, learning how to exist and flourish together, promoting regional industrial and commercial development, create the overall business environment improvement and growth. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究範圍與方法 3 1.2.1研究範圍 3 1.2.2研究方法 5 1.3 研究流程 6 1.4 相關名詞定義 7 第二章文獻回顧 8 2.1 商店街與商圈 8 2.1.1商店街定義與概念 8 2.1.2商店街與商圈分類 10 2.1.3商圈發展階段 13 2.1.4商圈機能特性 16 2.2 都市傳統商圈 17 2.2.1都市傳統商圈之特性 17 2.2.2都市傳統商圈之困境 18 2.2.3都市傳統商圈再造策略 20 2.3 商圈再造計畫 21 2.3.1商圈再造之定義與目的 21 2.3.2商圈再造之效益與特性 22 2.3.3商圈再造之流程與內容 23 2.3.4商圈再造計畫發展 27 2.3.5相關研究彙整 32 2.4 國外案例分析 35 2.4.1日本商店街發展與政策 35 2.4.2都市商圈再造對策 40 2.4.3自由之丘商圈 45 第三章天母商圈實證研究 52 3.1 天母地區環境發展 52 3.1.1發展脈絡與背景 52 3.1.2天母相關計畫 57 3.2 商圈發展與再造歷程 60 3.2.1台北市商業空間發展 60 3.2.2天母商圈再造之內容探討 66 3.3 商圈現況環境調查 72 3.3.1區位條件分析 72 3.3.2實質環境使用現況 79 3.4 小結 90 第四章訪談論述分析與課題對策 93 4.1 訪談分析 93 4.1.1訪談內容說明 93 4.1.2訪談重點節錄 96 4.2 衍生課題 102 4.2.1實質環境再造之課題 102 4.2.2地方居民與商圈組織協調之課題 105 4.2.3商圈組織經營管理之課題 108 4.2.4政府推動執行時之課題 112 4.2.5商圈環境其他面臨之課題 116 4.3 商圈再造對策研擬 119 4.3.1都市傳統商圈再造對策 119 4.3.2天母商圈再造之特殊性課題與對策 130 4.3.3都市傳統商圈與天母商圈再造課題之比較 135 第五章結論與建議 137 5.1 研究結論 137 5.1.1因地制宜的再造模式建立 138 5.1.2地方居民與商圈店家共存共榮 139 5.1.3商圈組織自主完善的運作機制建立 140 5.1.4公不門與商圈組織對於商圈再造之溝通協調 140 5.1.5以整體性思維進行商圈環境之規劃 141 5.2 研究建議 143 5.3 後續研究建議 144 參考文獻 145 附錄 151 書籍臺北市文獻委員會，台北市志卷六經濟志〈商業篇〉，臺北市：台北市文獻委員會，1988。林國泰編，古早芝蘭新士林，臺北市：臺北市士林區公所，2001。仙田滿著，楊雅玲譯，環境設計的方法，台北市：六合出版社，2005。經濟部商業司，經濟部商圈再造教戰手冊II，經濟部商業司，2000。經濟部商業司，中長程個案計畫擬定創新台灣品牌計劃，經濟部商業司，2007。經濟部商業司，創新品牌商圈計畫，經濟部商業司，2007。經濟部商業司，創新台灣品牌商圈四年計畫中長程個案計畫擬訂實例經驗分享，1994。張中訓，士林大事紀及歷史文獻目錄彙編初版，台北市：東吳人文社會實驗室，2003。中國生產力中心編，明日看我-國外商圈案例輯，經濟部商業司，2004。中國生產力中心編，推動商圈新紀元，經濟部商業司，2004。易展管理顧問有限公司，商圈更新再造-機制推動計畫構想書，1999。 Thomas Herzog 著，朱柔若譯，社會科學研究方法與資料分析，1996。期刊論文翁俊雄，商店街的形成與發展，太聯房屋市場，第183期，1990，頁43-47。邱明民，連鎖店淺介，連鎖店雜誌，第十四期，1994，頁37-41。邱明民，商店街的未來，空間雜誌，第113期，1999，頁57-64。李孟熹，現代商店街整體包裝共存榮，錢雜誌，9 月號，1993，頁98。蔡大猷，商店街開發推動計畫-執行與展望，商業現代化，第27期，1996。劉坤堂，商店街與形象商圈之推動，空間雜誌，第125期，1993。途智益，日本商店街現況發展趨勢，空間雜誌，第126期，2000。李永展，全球地方主義：規劃迷思或世紀願景，經社法制論叢，第25期，頁309-324，2000。經濟部，主要國家經貿政策分析月刊，89年6月號，2000。沈德傳、李美慧，我對天母知多少-天母的舊稱，台北文獻直字，第130期，1999，頁119-124。辛飛，日本市區中心活性化政策研究，城市規劃期刊，第30卷第12期，2006。天母合眾國，天母租金調查，合眾國文化事業股份有限公司，四月號，2009。天母合眾國，自由之丘幸福產業商圈，合眾國文化事業股份有限公司，六月號，2008。學術論文龔林昀，台北市商店街現狀與發展之研究，碩士論文，中興大學企業管理所，台中，1995。黃名義，台北市商業空間結構之研究，碩士論文，國立政治大學地政研究所，台北，1995。楊訓嘉，探討商圈再造實施業種組合策略之研究-以台北市大理服飾形象商圈為例，碩士論文，中國文化大學市政暨環境規劃所，台北，2005。陳嘉民，都市傳統商圈再造問題之研究-以台南中正形象商圈為例，碩士論文，國立成功大學建築所，台南，1999。卓心蘋，台灣舊市區復甦組織機制之研究-以台南市中正商圈為例，碩士論文，國立成功大學建築所，台南，2001。謝芳儀，魅力商圈推動管考機制之研究，碩士論文，世新大學管理觀光學系碩士班，台北，2006。陸允怡，鄉村地區休閒型形象商圈發展之研究，博士論文，國立台灣大學農業規廣所，台北，2002。林奕錫，天母區域的邊界、認知與意象，碩士論文，淡江大學建築學系碩士班，台北，2008。黃曉玲，商圈再造經營之研究-以彰化市永樂街形象商圈為例，碩士論文，國立彰化師範大學地理所，台中，2004，頁43。陳美雲，台北市大稻埕地區都市景觀自明性之研究，碩士論文，國立台灣師範大學地理學系，2002。謝國鐘，應用都市設計策略強化三重市自明性之研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學建築研究所，台南，2002。賴建夫，新店市老街商圈更新再造發展之困境與對策-一個政治經濟學的角度，碩士論文，銘傳大學公共事務學系碩士在職專班，台北，2006。蕭向吟，台灣地區商業街道土地使用及空間形式類型之研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學都市計劃研究所，台南，2004。彭國田，從「商圈更新再造」探討傳統商業永續發展，碩士論文，南華科技大學管理研究所，嘉義，2002。研討會論文與研究報告 Lynch, Kevin. 1981, Good City Form，Cambridge：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Press. 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U0006-0307200900002100 林盈吟 Ying-Yin Lin 面試官心情對面試官評量影響之干擾效應研究 The Moderating Effect of the Relationship between Interviewer Moods and Interviewer Evaluation 陳建丞碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488021 97 98 中文 69 甄選面談面試官心情面談結構性面談的甄選導向責任感 Employment Interview Interviewer Moods Interview Structure Selection Orientation Accountability 雖然許多研究指出應徵者的資格可以決定甄選面談的結果，但是面談效度仍然遭到許多非議，最主要的原因是在面談過程中，許多外在因素會強烈地影響面試官評分、面談結果以及面談準確性(Baron, 1987, 1993)。本研究目的主要探討面試官心情與面試官評量之間的關係，也探討兩者之間的關係是否會受到面談結構性、面談的甄選導向以及責任感的影響。研究對象為真實業界中進行甄選面談的面試官，有效面談場次共計105場。分析結果部份地支持本研究所提之假設，結果證實面試官正向心情與面試官評量有正向關係，且當面試官責任感愈高時，面試官正向心情對其最終評量的影響便降低了；另一結果證實面試官負向心情與面試官評量有負向關係，且當面談結構性愈高時，面試官負向心情與最終評量之間的負向關係會愈弱。 Even though past research has pointed out that applicant’s qualifications could be determinants of resulting decisions in employment, there remains debate on the validity of the interview. The main reason was that many extraneous factors had great influences on interviewer evaluation, hiring decision, and the accuracy of interviews (Baron, 1987, 1993). The primary purpose of this article was to investigate the moderating roles of interview structure, selection orientation, and accountability between interviewer moods and interviewer evaluation. Results from 105 real employment interviews for actual job openings partially supported our hypotheses. The results indicated that positive and negative moods were significant related to interviewer evaluation. Furthermore, high accountability was found to weaker the positive effects of positive moods on interviewer evaluation; the results also showed that high interview structure might weaker the negative effects of negative moods on interviewer evaluation. 摘　要 ii ABSTRACT iii 誌謝 iv 表目錄 ix 圖目錄 x 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 6 第二章文獻探討 7 2.1 正向心情與負向心情 7 2.2 面試官心情對面試官評量之效應 9 2.3 面談結構性 12 2.4 面談結構性的干擾效果 13 2.5 面談的甄選導向 15 2.6 面談甄選導向的干擾效果 16 2.7 責任感 17 2.8 責任感的干擾效果 18 2.9 控制變數 19 2.9.1 履歷表品質 19 2.9.2 面試官之面談訓練有無與次數 20 2.9.3 面試官性別、年齡以及面試官所屬公司產業別 21 第三章研究方法 22 3.1 研究架構 22 3.2 研究假說 23 3.3 研究對象與研究流程 24 3.3.1 研究對象 24 3.3.2 研究流程 26 3.4 研究變數之衡量 27 3.4.1 自變數：正向心情與負向心情 27 3.4.2 干擾變數 28 3.4.3 依變數：面試官評量 29 3.4.4 控制變數 30 3.4.5 人口統計變項 30 3.5 資料分析方法 32 第四章研究結果 34 4.1 描述統計和相關分析 34 4.2 研究假設驗證 36 第五章研究結論與建議 41 5.1 面試官心情之主效果 41 5.2 面試官心情之干擾效果 42 5.3 理論與實務意涵 44 5.3.1 理論意涵 44 5.3.2 實務意涵 45 5.4 研究限制 45 5.5 未來研究建議 47 5.6 研究結論 49 參考文獻 50 附錄：研究問卷 67 [1] 陳建丞，應徵者印象管理戰術對面試官評量之干擾效應研究，博士論文，國立台灣科技大學企業管理系博士班，台北，2004。 [2] 陳建丞，「甄選面談中外表與性別歧視之探討：結構式面談能消除它們嗎？」，台大管理論叢，第十七卷，第二期，2007，第153-208頁。 [3] 陳建丞、蔡維奇，「面談前印象對面試官評量之影響－以面談結構性為干擾變數」，台大管理論叢，第十六卷，第一期，2005，第155-170頁。 [4] 許璦如，應徵者履歷表資訊對招募者適配知覺及雇用推薦意願之影響，碩士論文，國立交通大學經營管理研究所，台北，2006。 [5] 彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽，「管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試與補救」，管理學報，第二十三卷，第一期，2006，第77-98頁。 [6] 溫福星，階層線性模式：原理、方法與應用，台北：雙葉書廊，2007，第13-29頁。 [7] Alloy, L. 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U0006-0307200901183200 鍾長裕 Chang-Yu Chung 運用創新構思問題解決法(TRIZ)進行產品創新研發構思發想之研究 A TRIZ-Based Evolutionary Trends Approach for the formulation of Innovative Product Concept Initiative 葉繼豪教授碩士國立台北科技大學工業工程與管理系EMBA班 96378501 97 98 中文 100 工業電腦創新產品 TRIZ演化趨勢演化潛力雷達圖 Industry computers Innovative products TRIZ evolution tendency Evolved potential radar map 在資訊發達且市場多變，全球化競爭發展環境中。企業競爭優勢與環境，唯有掌控關鍵專利知識之技術，才不至於使企業需面臨代工製造(OEM)、代工設計製造(ODM)毛利下降；及利潤新低的壓力挑戰，這也讓我們意識到企業轉型時，以自我研發創新產品來主導全球產業潮流，也就是要引領產業；產品邁向創新力重要性。本論文研究是以工業電腦為例，探究其創新產品研發過程中，所產出專利技術，如何能在產品企劃、概念發展階段，或在產品本身既有專利技術中，快速開發出概念性新產品並提升其質與量，並且達到創新產品目標。其方法運用TRIZ的37項參數演化趨勢，以工業電腦產品研發產出專利為蒐集對象，分析、歸納、解析其所在演化潛力雷達圖系統化參數階層，目前產品專利演化極限階段，定位出所要突破技術階層，作為下一步專利產出策略目標，進而洞察先機提前確認顧客需求。並能在短時間轉變成強而有力競爭優勢，同時利用產品研發的專利創新獨占，推陳出新引領出不同客戶層次所需。事先預見未來市場趨勢並佔領先機，達成共同化、差異化市場區隔策略模式，進而增加創新產品研發之產品獲利能力，並能吸引更多潛在需求客戶進入，所謂利基市場達成產品之高獲利價值，並達到以最少成本開發費用，發揮最大經濟效益。 In the developed information, the changeable market, the globalization competition development environment and the enterprise''s competition advantage and environment, the only way to make enterprises avoid facing the gross profit of OEM and ODM drop is to control the technology of the essential patent knowledge. The new low profit pressure challenge also lets us realize as enterprises make the transition, they lead the global industry trend by self-researching and developing the innovative products to guide the industry. The products march toward the importance of innovation. This thesis takes the industry computers as an example, probing into its innovative products research and development process which delivers the patented technology. How can be at the products planning, concepts developing stages, or the self-products to develop the new conceptual products and improve its quality and quantity fast while already having a patented technology, and reach the goal of the innovative products? Its method uses 37 TRIZ Parameter evolution tendencies, regarding the industry computer products research and development that delivers the patent as the collection target to analyze, sum up, and explain its evolved potential radar map of systematized parameter stratum. Take the patent of the products evolved limit stage at present to orient the technological stratum broken through as the strategy goal of the next step patent delivering, and then insights the first chance and confirms customer''s demand ahead of time. And that can change into a powerful competition advantage in a short time, utilize the patent of research and development of products to innovate and monopolize at the same time, weed out the old and bring forth the new and lead out different customer''s level need. Predict future market trend and capture the leading base, and reach assimilation, the differentiation of Segmentation strategy patterns, and then increase the products earning capacity of innovative research and development of products, and can attract more potential demands customer to enter. So-called Niche Marketing will reach high profit-making value of products, and will reach at least cost development expenses to give the greatest economic benefits. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章　緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍與限制 4 1.4 研究步驟與流程 5 第二章文獻探討 8 2.1 新產品理論探討 8 2.1.1 新產品定義 8 2.1.2 新產品的分類 9 2.1.3 新產品的成功因素 12 2.2 市場區隔探討 13 2.2.1 市場區隔之意義 13 2.2.2 有效市場區隔之條件 14 2.2.3 市場區隔變數之分類 15 2.2.4 市場區隔方法之設計及步驟 15 2.2.5 市場區隔化之利益 17 2.2.6 技術軌跡S曲線 17 2.2.7 情境市場區隔法 22 2.3 TRIZ演化模式 22 2.3.1 TRIZ理論 22 2.3.2 TRIZ演化趨勢 24 2.4 產品趨勢 38 2.4.1 電腦新興技術發展趨勢 38 2.4.2 可攜式多媒體產品之發展動向 38 2.5 文獻總結與思考 40 第三章研究方法 43 3.1 研究方法流程 43 3.2 研究方法案例說明 45 3.2.1 TRIZ演化理論原子筆案例說明 45 3.3 工業電腦簡介 49 3.3.1 工業電腦用途 50 3.3.2 市場區隔分析 50 3.4 專利搜尋與演化雷達圖繪製 51 3.4.1 專利檢索資料 51 3.4.2 繪製TRIZ演化潛力雷達圖 53 第四章研究成果 66 4.1 演化雷達圖解析 66 4.2 概念新產品探討 68 4.2.1 S2—空間分割(Space Segmentation) 68 4.2.2 I22-客戶購買焦點 (Customer Purchase Focus) 71 第五章結論與未來研究 73 5.1 結論 73 5.2 未來研究 74 參考文獻 75 附錄 78 附錄A：原子筆案例中華民國專利資料一覽表 78 附錄B：工業電腦的中華民國專利資料一覽表 80 附錄C：工業電腦的美國專利資料一覽表 98 [1]D. 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Playsam塗鴉原子筆 http://www.playsam.com/ U0006-0307200909504900 鍾明翰 Ming-Hung Chung 承受內壓力管螺紋接頭強度之模擬分析 Simulation Analysis on Strength of Threaded Pipe Connectors under Internal Pressure 陳政順 Cheng-shun Chen 碩士國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所 96568045 97 98 中文 74 管螺紋接頭有限元素法應力分析 Threaded pipe connector Finite element method Stress analysis 管螺紋接頭常用於管件接合，往往需輸送高壓液體及氣體，在螺紋連接處會產生應力集中而使連接強度相對於其他部位較為脆弱，故螺紋連接處之強度成為整體結構是否失效的重要關鍵。本文針對1 1/4 PT，材料為鋁合金6061-T6之管螺紋接頭，於鎖緊後螺牙承受內壓負載之破壞模擬分析；利用非線性有限元素方法進行應力應變模擬分析，探討管螺紋在預緊力作用及承受內壓負載時，其螺牙及附近部位的應力應變等機械行為。在本個案中，分析結果顯示，公、母螺紋管承受內壓負載達41.37MPa時，在螺牙部位之等效應力超越材料之降伏強度而產生永久變形，其等效應變接近0.025。經由實驗測試，在此壓力下，於螺紋接合處也開始產生破裂，同時，透過接觸應力分析可知，管螺紋接頭鎖緊之最末牙牙根處因應力集中問題，所產生之應力值最大，成為影響整體系統強度之關鍵。 Threaded pipe connector is commonly used in jointing pipelines which are found in the high pressure liquid and gas transportation. At the thread joints, the stresses and strains are easily raised and weaken the strength of pipe systems due to such kind of stress concentration effect. Therefore, it is essential to analyze and understand the mechanical responses around the threaded portion of pipe to avoid the structural failure. This paper is mainly focus on stress and strain analysis of threaded pipe connector made of Al 6061-T6 material(1 1/4PT) under pre-load and internal pressure loading. In this study, nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the stress-strain behavior of the threaded. In this case study, the results showed that the equivalent stress was larger than the yield strength of natural, and the parts defeat occurred, the equivalent strain was around 0.25 at the threaded portion when the threaded pipe connectors under internal pressure loading around of 41.37MPa. The experimental test also showed that the crack was found at threaded ports of pipe under the internal pressures of 41.37MPa. It was also found that the maximum normal contact stress generated at the root of the last tooth of thread and was the critical portion of threaded pipe connectors subjected to internal pressure. 中文摘要............................ i 英文摘要............................ ii 誌謝................................ iii 目錄................................ iv 表目錄.............................. vi 圖目錄.............................. vii 第一章緒論........................ 1 1.1 研究動機........................ 1 1.2 管的連接方式.................... 2 1.3 螺紋種類與應用.................. 3 1.4 文獻回顧與探討.................. 4 1.5 研究目標方法與步驟.............. 9 1.6 論文架構........................ 11 第二章相關理論基礎................ 12 2.1 圓筒中之應力.................... 12 2.2 螺紋之結構力學.................. 15 2.2.1 預緊力作用下螺牙的受力........ 15 2.2.2 鎖定扭矩與應力................ 16 2.2.3 螺牙之彈性變形................ 19 2.3 有限元素分析理論................ 23 2.3.1 平面應力與應變................ 23 2.3.2 軸對稱結構.................... 24 2.3.3 有限元素基礎理論.............. 26 第三章管螺紋接頭之模擬分析........ 28 3.1 有限元素分析步驟................ 28 3.1.1 實體模型建立.................. 29 3.1.2 元素選擇...................... 32 3.1.3 非線性結構分析................ 34 3.1.3.1 Full New-Raphson method..... 35 3.1.3.2 接觸性結構有限元素分析...... 37 3.1.4 有限元素法收斂性分析.......... 38 3.2 管螺紋接頭之模擬................ 41 3.2.1 預緊力作用下之模擬............ 41 3.2.2 管螺紋之內壓負載模擬分析...... 45 3.2.3 模擬分析結果與討論............ 47 第四章管螺紋接頭之液壓試驗........ 51 4.1 實驗目的與原理.................. 51 4.2 實驗設備與器材.................. 53 4.2.1 扭力扳手...................... 53 4.2.2 應變計........................ 54 4.2.3 四頻道應變記錄器.............. 55 4.3 實驗材料........................ 59 4.4 實驗方法與步驟.................. 60 4.4.1 應變計黏貼準備工作............ 60 4.4.2 應變計之黏貼.................. 62 4.4.3 實驗步驟...................... 63 4.5 實驗結果與討論.................. 65 第五章結論與建議.................. 70 5.1 結論............................ 70 5.2 建議與未來展望.................. 71 參考文獻............................ 72 作者簡介............................ 74 [1]Wei-an GONG, "A brief discuss on the relationship between seal ability and makeup torque of casing thread," China Petroleum Machinery, 1995. 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U0006-0307200910000500 王垣坤 Yuan-Kun Wang 開發許可制度運用於傳統聚落土地使用管理之研究-以后沙聚落為例 The Research Based on Hou-sha Settlement for Applying the Planning Permission on Land-use Management of the Traditional Settlement 彭光輝碩士國立台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所 95528513 97 98 中文 141 開發許可制度傳統聚落土地使用管理政府干預公共利益 Planning permission traditional settlement Land-use management Government intervention Public interest 金門在歷經千餘年之歷史演變及發展，至今島上已自然形成一百六十餘處之傳統聚落，在金門之聚落已深藏一定之法則與模式，傳統建築物均依循宗法倫理與空間營造法則營建，為目前台灣、金門及廈門三地僅存之特殊景觀，確有其保存維護的必要。民國八十五年金門全面實施都市計畫，當時對於傳統聚落之定位不明，且在現況調查不完全之情形下，致使自然村專用區範圍產生不當，而在自然村專用區之土地使用管理機制運用「開發許可制」，採同一審查標準，造成傳統聚落範圍內興建新式建築導致影響聚落風貌，聚落外圍土地因地籍問題，引發不當開發，並對於傳統聚落風貌產生干擾，本研究目的即為自然村專用區土地使用管理提出一套可行之模式。本研究以資料蒐集開發許可、傳統聚落、政府干預及公共利益等相關理論及英國、台灣之開發許可相關案例做為參考，再針對金寧鄉轄區內十餘年來實施「開發許可制度」之成果，以田野調查方式進行全面檢視，並輔以訪談金門地區產、官、學界對於現行制度之看法，提出課題、對策以及傳統聚落土地使用管理之建議模式，並以后沙傳統聚落為實證案例，提出兼具「保存」與「發展」之土地使用管理機制。本研究認為金門地區之自然村專用區土地，可將其分為「傳統聚落核心區域」及「聚落外圍發展區域」等二類，再分別進行管制，土地屬「傳統聚落核心區域」者應以保存為主，並以開發許可制度達到其保存效果，土地屬「聚落外圍發展區域」者，應進行整體規劃並輔以簡易式重劃使土地有效發展，透過這樣的土地使用管理模式，未來可推廣至金門其他聚落使用參考，進而使金門之自然村專用區土地達到保存傳統聚落風貌並兼具周邊土地發展並之效果。 Through the historical development in past thousand years, Kinmen Island has already naturally formed more than 160 traditional settlements with the constant principle and mode in the architecture style. It is essential to preserve most traditional buildings with the particular landscape in Taiwan, Kinmen, and Xiamen which were under the construction with the patriarchal clan ethics and the space building principles. While executing the overall urban planning at Kinmen in 1996, the indistinct definition of the traditional settlements and the incomprehensive investigation for the traditional settlement status resulted in the improper lands being reserved for the use of the natural village. However, under the planning permission management mechanism for the lands reserved for the use of the natural village, the same examination standard for all lands will cause either the feature change inside the traditional settlements due to the contemporary architecture interspersion, or the feature interference outside the traditional settlements due to the improper development based on the land-use classification in suburbs. This research would like to find out the feasible solution (or mode) for the lands reserved for the use of the natural village. This research was based on 1) the data collection from the related theory of the planning permission, the traditional settlement, the government intervention, and the public interest, 2) the reference from the related planning permission case in Taiwan and UK, 3) the overall result review for the planning permission execution on Jinning Township in the past decade via the field investigation, and 4) the interview with the industry, the government, and the academia to collect tripartite opinions regarding the current system for the suggested modes with the comprehensive advantage optimum for the balance of both the preservation and the development in topics, policies, and the traditional settlement land-use management per the true care of Hou-Sha traditional settlement. Per this research, we understand that there are 2 categories of the lands reserved for the use of the natural village in Kinmen now: the traditional settlement core area and the traditional settlement suburb. We suggest that the lands reserved for the use of the natural village in Kinmen should be managed as follows: the lands belonging to the traditional settlement core area should be proceeded with the preservation via the planning permission to optimize the traditional settlement features, and the lands belonging to the traditional settlement suburb should be proceeded with the integrated planning via the simple land-use re-classification to optimize the suburb land development. This land-use management can be referred to other traditional settlement in Kinmen, and optimize the balance of both the traditional settlement feature preservation and the suburb land development for the lands reserved for the use of the natural village in Kinmen. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 01 1.1 研究動機與目的 01 1.1.1 研究動機 01 1.1.2 研究目的 02 1.2 研究範圍與內容 02 1.2.1 研究範圍 02 1.2.2 研究內容 04 1.3 研究方法與流程 04 1.3.1 研究方法 04 1.3.2 研究流程 05 第二章文獻回顧 06 2.1 相關理論 06 2.2 國內土地使用規劃方式 19 2.3 開發許可制度於我國運用之概況 22 2.4 英國開發許可制度實際運用案例 39 2.5 小結 53 第三章金門地區傳統聚落發展脈絡及紋理 55 3.1 金門地區歷史環境概述 55 3.2 金門地區傳統聚落發展模式及特性 56 3.3 金門地區傳統聚落分佈概況 58 3.4 金門地區聚落土地管理之歷程 63 3.5 金門地區開發許可審議制度相關規定及運用概況 66 第四章傳統聚落土地管理之課題對策與建議模式 88 4.1 金門地區傳統聚落土地管理之課題 88 4.2 金門地區傳統聚落土地管理之對策 93 4.3 傳統聚落土地使用管理之建議模式 95 4.4 后沙自然村專用區實證案例 100 第五章結論與建議 115 5.1 結論 115 5.2 建議與後續研究 117 參考文獻 120 附錄 A 訪談紀錄 123 B 金門特定區計畫自然村開發許可審查辦法 135 C 金門特定區計畫土地使用許可審議規範 138 書籍(依作者姓名筆劃數) [1] 丁致成，城市多贏策略—都市計畫與公共利益，台北，創興，1997。 [2] 台北市政府都市發展局，開發許可制度於都市土地規劃管理機制建立之應用，台北：台北市政府，2006。 [3] 行政院經濟建設委員會，國土綜合開發計畫，台北：行政院經濟建設委員會，1996。 [4] 李乾朗，陽明山國家公園傳統聚落暨建築調查研究，台北：陽明山國家公園管理處，1988。 [5] 江柏煒，大地上的居所，金門：金門國家公園管理處，1998。 [6] 江柏煒，金門建築史研究論文集（I），金門：金門縣立文化中心，2003。 [7] 江柏煒，閩粵僑鄉的社會與文化變遷，金門：金門國家公園管理處，2004。 [8] 江柏煒，閩粵僑鄉的空間營造，金門：金門國家公園管理處，2004。 [9] 林會承，台灣傳統建築手冊(形式與作法篇)，台北：藝術家出版社，1987。 [10] 林建元，開發許可制之改進及影響費課征方式之研究，台北：內政部營建署，1993。 [11] 林森田，土地開發許可制之研究，台北：行政院經濟建設委員會都市及住宅發展處，1993。 [12] 林森田，土地開發與使用管制，台北：台灣地政，1997。 [13] 金家禾，都市再發展立法之重要性與相關之策略，台北：人與地，1997。 [14] 金門縣政府，金門縣誌(上、中、下冊)，金門：金門縣政府，1987。 [15] 金門縣政府，金門縣非都市地區建築管理計畫，金門：金門縣政府，1990。 [16] 金門縣政府，擬定金門特定區計畫，金門：金門縣政府，1995。 [17] 金門縣政府，變更金門特定區計畫（第一次通盤檢討），金門：金門縣政府，2006。 [18] 金寧鄉公所，金寧鄉志(上)，金門：金寧鄉公所，2005。 [19] 施鴻志，都市規劃，台北：建都文化事業，1997。 [20] 凌韻生，臺灣地區實施開發許可制時規劃主管機關組織變革之研究，台北，行政院國家科學委員會，1992。 [21] 高安邦，政治經濟學，台北，五南圖書有限公司，2002。 [22] 徐明福，台灣傳統民宅及其地方性史料之研究，台北：胡氏圖書公司，1990。 [23] 孫榮、許洁，政府經濟學上海，復旦大學出版社，2001。 [24] 許維民，金門古厝鑑賞，金門，1999。 [25] 楊天厚・林麗寬，金門寺廟巡禮，金門：稻田出版社，1998。 [26] 郭肇立，聚落與社會，台北：田園城市文化，1998。 [27] 黃定國、彭光輝，都市老舊社區更新規劃及開發原則之研究，台北：內政部建築研究所，1998。 [28] 葉鈞培，金門姓氏分布研究，金門：金門縣政府，1997。 [29] 賴宗裕，都市成長與土地開發管理—理論與實踐，台北：華泰文化事業公司，1999。 [30] 賴宗裕，發展許可，台北：國立空中大學，1997。 [31] 韓麗華、潘明星，政府經濟學，北京，中國人民大學出版社，2003。 [32] Dr.Graeme Anlin 著，劉蘭玉譯，「文化遺產－鑑定、保存與營理。五觀藝術事業」，2004 [33] CONZEN,M.R.G.，"ALNWICK,NORTHUMBERLAND-A STUDYIN IN TOWN-PLAN ANALYSIS," LONDON，1969。 [34] Sheffield City Coyncil，"ECCLESALL LIBRARY AND WEETWOOD GARDENS-PLANNING BRIEF", Sheffield，1994。 [35] Sheffield City Coyncil，"KELVIN FLATS PLANNING BRIEF", Sheffield，1994。期刊論文(依作者姓名筆劃數) [36] 吳綱立，「規劃思潮與公共利益概念的演變—建構一個新的規劃典範來尋找公共利益」，人與地，1998。 [37] 林森田，「英國土地開發可制」，地政論壇，第11期，1989。 [38] 金家禾，「開發許可制對土地開發之影響（一）－（六）」，現代地政，1996。 [39] 夏鑄九、顏亮一、林鑾，「什麼是聚落保存？一聚落保存論述的形成與趨勢」，漢聲雜誌，第74期，1995。 [40] 賴志彰，「聚落保存之我見」，漢生雜誌，75 期，1995。 [41] 蘇昭銘等，「台灣地區遊覽車牌照管制政策之檢討與改進芻議」，台灣銀行季刊，第50卷第3期，1999。 [42] Gebauer,M.A. and Samuels,I.，"URBAN MORPHOLOGY：AN INTRODUCTION" Oxford Polytechnic，1981。學位論文(依作者姓名筆劃數) [43] 吳培暉，金門聚落的變遷與空間的意義的再界定，碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所，台北，1992。 [44] 林佳靜，2003年以來大陸宏觀調控之分析，碩士論文，東華大學公共行政研究所，花蓮，2006。 [45] 洪千惠，金門傳統民宅營造法之研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學建築研究所，台南，1992。 [46] 洪曉慧，烈嶼傳統聚落之研究-村落領域關係、擇址和空間組織之探討，碩士論文，國立成功大學建築研究所，台南，1993。 [47] 張襄華,我國發展許可制落實執行之研究-以農地釋出方案為例，碩士論文，淡江大學建築研究所，台北，1996。 [48] 楊少中，由公共利益探討都市更新法令調整機制-以台北市為例，碩士論文，國立台北大學都市計劃研究所，台北，2007。 [49] 楊珮瑤，朝向公私協力關係的傳統聚落保存：以金門國家公園為例，碩士論文，銘傳大學公共事務研究所，台北，2006。 [50] 楊福銘，從公共利益觀點探討都市計劃之民眾參與，碩士論文，國立成功大學建築研究所，台南，2003。 [51] 游安君，傳統聚落觀光發展容許量之研究一以九份為例，碩士論文，國立台灣大學園藝學研究所，台北，1995。 [52] 陳彥志，應用都市型態學於金門傳統聚落空間之都市設計管制準則，碩士論文，中華大學建築與都市計畫研究所，新竹，2005。 [53] 蔡松霖，兩岸經貿關係之外部性問題與政府角色，碩士論文，東華大學公共行政研究所，花蓮，2005。 [54] 賴孟玲，台灣西南沿海地區的『五營』研究，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學空間設計研究所，雲林，2001。 [55] Huang,Y-W.，"A NEW SPATAL CONTEXT OF JIU-FEN" Oxford Brookes University，1999。 U0006-0307200911162500 楊麗芬 Li-Fen Yang 氣化複循環發電廠建廠評估 Evaluation of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant Construction 邱垂昱 Chui-Yu Chiu 碩士國立台北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所 96378520 97 98 中文 135 氣化複循環發電 IGCC 德爾菲法層級分析法指標權重 IGCC Delphi Method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Index Weight 氣化技術自西元1990年起即受到廣泛的重視，氣化結合發電與多元化的應用，已是2005年後的發展趨勢。而煤炭氣化技術應用範圍相當廣泛，除了可以用來製造合成天然氣、氨氣及合成煤氣做為傳統化學製品及燃料外；並可直接結合複循環發電機組，而獲致高熱效率之發電系統，並較傳統燃煤發電機組有更低的環境污染，先進之淨煤發電技術不但要求低污染更強調高效率，已是新設燃煤電廠最低期望。依目前淨煤發電技術發展情況而言，主要有氣化複循環、壓力式流體化床及超臨界粉煤等發電系統，其中氣化複循環發電技術無論在技術成熟性、能源效率、環保性能都是最卓越，已逐漸成為最可行的新發電技術。利用煤炭轉換為潔淨能源，已為先進國家投入大幅研發資源爭先發展之重要課題。因氣化複循環發電技術（Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles，IGCC），具有能源效率提昇，潛力高及環保性能卓越之優勢，將為未來之趨勢，實有助於改善我國目前高碳之發電結構，但目前國內少有單純發電之氣化複循環發電廠規劃案，所以本研究乃萃取出氣化複循環發電廠建廠評估主要因素及其層級架構，希望減少建廠決策不當之現象，期使建廠投資費用、建廠時程、及日後電廠營運成本，均能降低亦能符合開發案相關法令規定，以順遂電廠投資或改建計畫。有鑑於此，本研究所建立氣化複循環發電廠建廠評估層級架構及決策模式，建構出合理的指標及權重，可作為未來電力業從事氣化複循環發電廠建廠評估決策之參考，期使國內電業更加健全發展。 Gasified technology has been widely valued from 1990. And it has been a trend of development from 2005 to union electricity generation and the multiplex application. Coal Gasification Technology is applied widely. It may not only be used for making Synthesis Natural Gas(SNG), the ammonia(NH3) and Synthetic Gas for the tradition chemical product and the fuel, but also may couple Integrated Gasification Combined cycles (IGCC) directly to obtain generating system of the high fever efficiency. It has lower environmental pollution than the traditional Coal Generating set does. The lowest expectation for newly Gas Clean Generate Electric Power factories is that Gas Clean Generate Electric Power emphasizes the high efficiency more than low pollution. According to the present Gas Clean Generate Electric Power development situation, it mainly has Integrated Gasification Combined cycles (IGCC), Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), Supercritical Pulverized Coal (PC) and so on, in which IGCC technology is the most remarkable no matter in the technical maturation, the energy efficiency, and the environmental protection. It also has gradually become most useful new electricity generation technology. Taking advantage of the coal to transform into the pure energy has been striven to be the first important development topic for the advanced countries invested large research and development resources. Because Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) has the superiority of the energy efficiency promotion, the high potential and the remarkable environmental protection, it will be the trend for the future and be conducive to improve the high carbon electricity generation structure in our country at present. However, there are less pure IGCC plans at present in our country. This research focused on extracting the main decision factors and developing the hierarchy in the decision making of building up an IGCC factory which leads to the reduction of investment cost, construction period, operation and maintenance cost. It will be able to conform to the law of development documents as well. Our research established the evaluation hierarchy and the decision model with rational index and weightings of building up an IGCC factory for the electrical industry. Through the proposed AHP hierarchy, a better development of electrical industry is expected. 目錄摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 ix 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍 3 1.4 研究限制 5 1.5 研究方法 6 1.6 研究流程 6 1.7 論文架構 9 第二章文獻探討 10 2.1 發電能源的概述 10 2.2 我國發電能源供需現況 13 2.3 我國能源科技發展政策及目標 17 2.4京都議定書對我國電力產業的影響 21 2.5 煤炭氣化技術探討 23 2.6 煤炭氣化技術發展趨勢 29 2.7 氣化複循環發電廠個案簡介 34 第三章研究方法 39 3.1德爾菲法說明 39 3.1.1 德爾菲法簡介 39 3.1.2 德爾菲法基本假設 40 3.1.3 德爾菲法的優缺點 41 3.2 層級分析法理論 42 3.2.1 AHP 層級分析法概要 42 3.2.2 AHP層級分析法的假設 43 3.2.3 本研究採用AHP 層級分析法之原因 44 3.2.4 理論基礎 44 3.2.5 IGCC 建廠評估流程與步驟 54 3.3 研究設計與調查 55 3.3.1 研究問卷設計 55 3.3.2 問卷調查實施 62 第四章資料分析與討論 64 4.1 第一次德爾菲法問卷資料分析與探討 64 4.2 第二次德爾菲法問卷資料分析與討論 69 4.3 第三次層級分析法問卷資料分析與討論 77 4.4 各層級指標與權重結果 81 第五章結論與建議 90 5.1 結論 90 5.2 研究貢獻 97 5.3 研究建議 100 參考文獻 101 附錄附錄A：德爾菲法第一次問卷 105 附錄B：德爾菲法第二次問卷 111 附錄C：層級分析法第三次問卷 117 附錄D：各專家背景說明 129 附錄E：剔除不一致問卷權重計算 131 參考文獻中文部分： [1] 王塗發，「台灣需要什麼樣的能源政策」，能源開發與利用，1997年，第33-48 頁。 [2] 王煒霖，台灣發電能源配比評估架構-模糊多準則方法之應用，碩士論文，銘傳大學媒體空間設計研究所，台北，2007。 [3] 方良吉，「第六次全國科學技術會議報告」，工業技術研究院能源與資訊研究所，2001年1月。 [4] 台電公司，「台灣電力公司永續報告書」，2008，第6-8頁。 [5] 吉興工程顧問公司，「工業區氣化示範廠可行性研究評估報告」，2008年1月。 [6] 吉興工程顧問公司，「彰濱煤炭氣化複循環發電機組實證計畫可行性研究報告」，2002年11月。 [7] 吉興工程顧問公司，「台中火力電廠IGCC機組初步可行性研究報告」，1996年9月。 [8] 吉興工程顧問公司，「通霄複循環六號機組發電計畫可行性研究報告」，1991年3月。 [9] 吳清山，「中小學實施校長評鑑的挑戰課題與因應策略」，教育研究，第84期，第28-36頁，2001年。 [10] 吳金照，應用模糊理論於火力電廠廠址評選研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學生產系統工程與管理研究所，台北，2001。 [11] 席時濟，「台灣電業回顧與前瞻」，工程特刊，第73 卷第六期，中國工程師學會，p72-73，民國89 年。 [12] 翁林欣慧，節能技術發展對二氧化碳排放減量之評估，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源工程研究所，台南，2007。 [13] 徐恆文、謝青霖，「淨煤發電技術」，工業技術研究院能源與資訊研究所潔淨能源技術組燃料應用研究室研究報告，2003年。 [14] 徐恆文，「煤炭氣化發電之能源優勢」，能源資訊網，2004年，第1-10 頁。 [15] 徐恆文、謝青霖，「淨煤發電技術應用推廣規劃總報告」，經濟部能源委員會，2001年6月。經濟部能源局，「長期負載預測與電源開發規劃摘要報告」，2007，第6-13頁。 [16] 徐文遠，老人運輸問題之研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學交通管理學研究所，台南，1996。 [17] 陳柱華，「火力發電與氫氣燃料」，科學發展，第384期，2004年12月，第62-67 頁。 [18] 陳麗芬，電力自由化與獨立電廠營運之探討，碩士論文，國立中山大學財務管理研究所，台北，2000。 [19] 許金和，火力發電大全，高雄：復文圖書出版公司，2000，第1-128頁。 [20] 郭博堯，「世界天然氣發展情勢」，國政研究報告，2002年8月。 [21] 陸早行，疊慧術(DELPHI)在策略趨勢預測上的應用-以人身保險理賠策略為例，碩士論文，國立台灣大學商學研究所，台北，1985。 [22] 葉牧青，AHP 層級結構設定問題之探討，碩士論文，國立交通大學管科研究所，新竹，1986。 [23] 張佳穎，應用德爾菲法與層級分析法建構大學教師研究績效指標，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所，台北，2006。 [24] 經濟部能源局，「長期負載預測與電源開發規劃摘要報告」，2007，第6-13頁。 [25] 經濟部能源局，「2007年能源科技研究發展白皮書」，2007，第13-47頁。 [26] 經濟部能源局，「2007年能源科技研究發展白皮書」，2007，第342-358頁。 [27] 經濟部，「永續能源政策綱領」，核定本，2008年6月。 [28] 經濟部，「全國能源會議具體結論」，2005。 [29] 蔡信行，「煤炭氣化2005-商業化路程」，國立成功大學石油策略研究中心，2009年3月。 [30] 鄧振源、曾國雄，「層級分析法的內涵特性與應用上」，中國統計學報，第廿七卷，六,七期，1989年，第5-22頁。 [31] 鄭文英，分析層級程序法中屬性權重的統計估計之探討，博士論文，國立交通大學管理科學研究，新竹，1994。 [32] 劉世忠，「淺談京都議定書對我國電力產業之影響」，產經資訊，2004年，第30-34頁。英文部分： [33] BP,BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2008。 [34] G8 Summit 2007 Heiligendamm , 「Growth and Responsibility in the Word Economy-Summit Declaration」，7 June , 2007。 [35] Gasification Technologies Program,「Major Environmental Aspects of Gasification-Based Power Generation Technologies」, NETL/DOE, Dec 2002。 [36] International Energy Agency , 「Word Energy Outlook 2006」，2006。 [37] International Energy Agency , 「Toward a Clean , Clever & Competitive Energy Future – report to the G8 Summit in Heiligendamm , Germany」，2007。 [38] International Energy Agency , 「Energy Policies of IEA Countries – 2006 Review」，2006。 [39] International Energy Agency , 「Energy Technology Prospects」，2006。 [40] S.J. 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[45] U.S. DOE ,「Clean Coal Technology」, Sep 2001。網路部分： [46] 台灣電力公司，http://www.taipower.com.tw/ [47] 台塑重工，http://www.fhi.com.tw [48] 工業技術研究院，http://www.itri.org.tw/chi/eel/ [49] 再生能源網，http://re.org.tw/com/f1/f1b1.aspx [50] 行政院科普知識網，http://www.nsc.gov.tw [51] 行政院環境保護署，http://www.epa.gov.tw [52] 汽電共生資訊網，http://www.cogen.org.tw/ [53] 英國石油公司，http://bp.com [54] 財團法人中技社，http://www.ctci.org.tw/ [55] 能源資訊網，http://emis.erl.itri.org.tw [56] 能源國際合作資訊網，http://apecenergy.tier.org.tw [57] 經濟部能源局，http://www.moeaec.gov.tw/ [58] ITIS智網，http://www.itis.org.tw [59] Nuclear Energy Institute，http://www.nei.org/ [60] Electric Power Research Institute，http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt U0006-0307200911354700 陳藝來 Yi-Lai Chen 教育部學術網路區域VoIP交換中心之設計與製作 Design and Implementation of an Area VoIP Exchange Center over TANet for Ministry of Education 賴柏洲 Po-Chou Lai 碩士國立台北科技大學電子電腦與通訊產業研發碩士專班 96e18002 97 98 英文 66 台灣學術網路用戶號碼與網址轉換區域網路語音交換中心來話號碼顯示 TANet ENUM AVXC CLID 網際網路通信服務在這幾年不斷的快速發展，現今隨著各學校與台灣學術網路（Taiwan Academic Network；TANet）之間頻寬的充足與穩定，網路語音協定（Voice over IP；VoIP）將影像及數據資料整合在TANet架構上的技術，漸漸成為一種必要的運用趨勢。網際網路工程技術聯盟（Internet Engineering Task Force；IETF）制定用戶號碼與網址轉換（tElephony NUmbering Mapping；ENUM）規範，以解決網路協議（Internet Protocol；IP）和公眾交換電話網路（Public Switched Telephone Network；PSTN）通信環境下電話號碼對照規則，使得傳統撥電話號碼方式有了統一安排。然而，ENUM的資料特性也影響低反應時間高查詢完成和大量資料存取更新的查詢效能，也沒有合理的設計可以滿足整合現有通信設備撥接習慣的需求。本論文主要是研究以ENUM的標準功能，統合現有TANet 各連線學校的VoIP應用服務，在透過全分散控制、轉碼機制及多重路徑間VoIP之互通，配合語音會談起始協議（Session Initiation Protocol；SIP）的基礎下，一套區域網路語音交換中心（Area VoIP eXchange Center；AVXC）具備完整號碼編制、直接號碼撥入（Direct Inward Dialing；DID）、區別性來話號碼顯示（Caller Line Identification Display；CLID），以擴大教育部（Ministry of Education；MoE）TANet VoIP服務品質和加值服務功能、降低各級學校間的通訊成本、精簡管理的人力成本、充份運用網路資源。本研究成果，能提供學校單位及政府機構整合規劃VoIP網路通信運用之參考依據。 There has been a tremendous increase in the popularity of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services as a result of huge growth in broadband access. The integrated technology of video and data in VoIP is steadily emerging as an important application over Taiwan Academic Network (TANet) with stable and efficient bandwidth. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) develops the tElephony NUmbering Mapping (ENUM) to solve the problems of mapping the name of a destination into an address in a combined Internet Protocol (IP) and Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). However, the special data characteristics of ENUM impose requirements of providing high query throughput within a tight response time and allowing background bulk database update without severely interference to query performance. There has been no comprehensive design on how all these dialing plan can be satisfied when connecting to telephone network. Base on ENUM standard facilities and traditional telephone framework, in this thesis we report on the design and implement of an Area VoIP eXchange Center (AVXC) over TANet, a fully distributed control server structure with dual paths route to secure a completed numbering plan, Direct Inward Dialing (DID) via Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and distinctive Caller Line Identification Display (CLID) on the called party. AVXC is a cost effective solution of VoIP application for Ministry of Education (MoE). This result could be a reference solution for School and Government to deploy voice applications over TANet. Contents 摘要 i Abstract iii Acknowledgement v Contents vi List of Figures viii List of Tables x Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of Research 2 1.3 Structure of Thesis 2 Chapter 2 Components of VoIP Devices 4 2.1 IP Telephony 6 2.2 Category of IP PBX 12 2.3 VoIP Terminals 17 2.4 Microsoft Office Communication Server 18 Chapter 3 ENUM Server 22 3.1 TANet Academic Network 22 3.2 ITU-T E.164 Specification 25 3.3 Numbering Plan 26 3.4 Network Converting Technique of IPv4 and IPv6 27 Chapter 4 Characteristic of AVXC 29 4.1 Call Flow of VoIP 29 4.2 Operation Management 31 4.3 Web Call Server 32 Chapter 5 Innovation of AVXC Structure 34 5.1 Fully Distributed Control Structure 35 5.2 Dual Routing Paths 36 5.3 Number Translator Server 37 5.4 Solving the Firewall and NAT Traversal 39 5.5 ISDN PRI E1 Q-SIG Interface 41 5.6 Direct Inward Dialing through SIP Trunk 43 Chapter 6 Experiment and Results 46 6.1 Experimental Architecture 46 6.2 Implementation Assessment 47 6.3 Experimental Results 54 Chapter 7 Conclusion 61 7.1 Contribution of this Design and Implementation 62 7.2 Future Discussion 64 References 65 References [1] W. 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Qadeer and A. Imran, “Asterisk Voice Exchange: An Alternative to Conventional EPBX,” in Proc. ICCEE 2008, Dec. 2008, pp. 652 – 656. [10] D. Rowe, “Embedded IP-PBX,” Circuit Cellar, Nov. 2007. [11] Microsoft Unified Communications Group, “Integrating Telephony with Office Communications Server 2007,” Microsoft Corporation, USA, Jul. 2007. [12] P. Faltstrom, “ E.164 Number and DNS,” IETF RFC 2916, Sept. 2000. [13] W. M. Hsie Syudy Group, Networking Essentials 2007, Flag Publishing Co., Ltd., Taipei, Apr. 2006. [14] ITU-Telecommunication Standardization Sector, “Global Implementation of ENUM,” Feb. 2002. [15] ITU-T Study Group 2, “The international public telecommunication numbering plan,” ITU-T Recommendation E.164, May 1997. [16] S. L. Wang, IPv6 Technology–New Generation Network Technology, China Machine Press, Beijing, Mar. 2008. [17] W. E. Chen and Q. Wu, “Development and Deployment of IPv6 SIP-based VoIP Networks,” IEEE SAINT, 2005. [18] W. E. Chen, Q. Wu, Y. B. Lin, and Y. C. 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U0006-0307200911464900 鄭璧嫻 Pi-Hsien Cheng 虛擬角色代言人對網路廣告說服效果影響之研究 Research of Avatar influence on Internet Advertising Effects 耿慶瑞碩士國立台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所 96488005 97 98 中文 109 虛擬角色代言人擬社會互動產品涉入 Avatar Parasocial Interaction Involvement 虛擬角色代言人(Avatar)能避免真實代言人的風險因素，運用在網站可為產品宣傳，如同線上商店中的店員，與真實環境相彷。本研究依據文獻中對於角色代言人的特性，設計出專家和吸引型角色，並選定筆記型電腦為實驗產品。本研究在虛擬角色代言人的設計融合社會回應理論的社交線索（語言、人聲、互動與社交角色），研究發現有虛擬角色代言人可提升消費者的品牌態度和購買意願。且擬社會互動與虛擬角色代言人具有交互作用，當有虛擬角色代言人呈現時，使用者對網站的擬社會互動程度高，在品牌態度和購買意會高於無虛擬角色代言人。而當有和無虛擬角色代言人呈現，使用者對網站擬社會互動低時，廣告說服效果並無差異。此外，不同類型的虛擬角色人物呈現時(專家和吸引型角色)與產品涉入程度具有交互作用，當專家代言人物呈現時，使用者對產品涉入程度高時，廣告說服效果會吸引角色代言人。而無論是專家型或吸引型角色呈現時，對於廣告說服效果並無差異。 Avatar can avoid spokesman’s risk and it can make use of web site advertise for products, like online shop’s assistant. According to literature this research regarding avatar’s definition and character, therefore this research design expert and attractive avatar in this experiment, and choose the notebook for experiment. The design for avatar in this research integrate social response theory’s social cue (language、voice、interactive、social role). As the result of experiment, we found avatar can increase consumer towards brand attitude and purchase intention. Parasocial interaction with avatar has interactive effect. While avatar shows on web site and consumer has high parasocial interaction toward the web, the brand attitude and purchase intention would higher than those without avatar shows. While the consumer has low parasocial interaction toward the web, the appearance of avatar or not has no significant difference on adverting effects. Besides, different types of avatar (expert and attractive) with product involvement has interactive effect. While expert avatar shows on web site when consumer has high product involvement, the adverting effects would be higher than attractive avatar. No matter what expert or attractive avatar shows one web site, the advertising effects would be no influenced. 摘　要.................................................I ABSTRACT..............................................II 致謝..................................................IV 目 錄..................................................V 表目錄..............................................VIII 圖目錄...............................................XII 第一章緒論............................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機.....................................1 1.2 研究問題和目的 .....................................4 1.3 研究流程...........................................6 第二章文獻探討........................................7 2.1 角色代言人.........................................7 2.1.1 虛擬角色代言人的定義 ............................7 2.1.2 角色代言人的分類架構 ............................8 2.1.3 虛擬角色代言人的類型 ...........................10 2.2社會反應............................................11 2.2.1 社會反應理論 (Social Response Theory)...........11 2.2.1 角色代言人在社會反應理論的應用..................12 2.3 擬社會互動.........................................13 2.3.1 擬社會互動理論（Parasocial Interaction, PSI）...13 2.3.2 擬社會互動實證之研究 ............................15 2.4產品涉入............................................17 2.4.1 涉入程度........................................17 2.4.2 涉入的定義......................................18 2.4.3 涉入程度特性....................................19 2.4.4 涉入程度分類....................................20 2.4.5 涉入與推敲可能模式..............................22 2.5虛擬角色代言人之廣告說服效果........................23 第三章研究方法........................................30 3.1 研究架構...........................................30 3.2 研究假說...........................................32 3.3 實驗設計與變數衡量.................................37 3.3.1 樣本選擇........................................37 3.3.2 廣告產品選擇....................................37 3.3.3 信度與效度......................................41 3.3.4 虛擬角色代言人呈現..............................41 3.3.5 擬社會互動衡量..................................42 3.3.6 虛擬角色代言人形象類別衡量......................43 3.3.7 虛擬角色代言人形象選擇與操弄....................43 3.3.8 涉入程度的衡量..................................45 3.3.9 廣告說服效果的衡量..............................46 3.3.10實驗步驟........................................48 第四章研究結果........................................53 4.1 樣本特性描述.......................................53 4.2 信度、效度分析 .....................................54 4.3 虛擬角色代言人操弄檢驗.............................55 4.4 隨機性檢驗.........................................56 4.5 假說驗證...........................................58 4.6 綜合討論...........................................73 第五章結論與建議......................................75 5.1 研究結果...........................................75 5.2 實務意涵...........................................77 5.3 研究限制與未來建議.................................78 參考文獻...............................................80 附錄一前測問卷........................................90 附錄二實驗問卷........................................94 附錄三實驗網站........................................96 附錄四實驗數據........................................99 中文 1.黃俊英與賴文彬(1990)。涉入的理論發展與實務應用。管理科學學報，第7卷，第1期，15-30頁。 2.樊志育(1990)。「廣告效果研究」，二月版。台北三民書局。 3.練乃華(1990)。推薦式廣告之溝通效果研究。台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，台北市。 4.詹俊坤(1993)。不同產品類別、廣告代言人型態對消費者廣告效果之研究。中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。 5.林淑真(2001)。生活型態與購買涉入對品牌權益的影響研究--以電子字典為例。政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文，台北市。 6.蔡燕婷(2001)。廣告代言人,廣告訴求對廣告效果的影響。淡江大學管理科學學系碩士論文，台北縣。 7.陳裕仁(2004)。名人代言人與產品相關度之研究。輔仁大學大眾傳播學研究所碩士論文，台北縣。 8.田治平(2006)。角色代言人在推敲可能性模式的影響途徑。中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，桃園縣。 9.黃于真(2006)。虛擬人物代言人廣告效果之研究。朝陽科技大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，台中縣。 10.陳雅婷(2006)。擬社會人際互動與經驗組合順序對消費者虛擬經驗之社群感影響。台北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所碩士論文，台北市。 11.呂憶蘭(2008)。虛擬代言人物類型對網路廣告效果影響之研究。台北大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，台北市。 12.台灣網站資訊中心(TWNIC)(2009)。「台灣寬頻網路使用調查」報告。網址： http://www.twnic.net.tw/download/200307/0901a.doc 英文 13.Auter, P. 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U0006-0307200912381300 吳宏毅 Hung-Yi Wu 應用於電源供應器高效率同步整流及LLC串聯諧振之設計研究 The Study of High Efficiency Synchronous Rectification and LLC Serial Resonant Design for Power Supply 李文達 Wen-Ta Lee 碩士國立台北科技大學電子電腦與通訊產業研發碩士專班 96e18013 97 98 中文 89 切換式電源供應器 LLC串聯諧振轉換器同步整流控制器歐盟節能 switching mode power supply LLC resonant converter synchronous rectifier controller energy-saving 由於傳統的電源採用線性式設計，體積與重量龐大且效率差，因此不符合現在節能的要求；為了提昇效率則採用切換式來設計，其優點體積小、重量輕且效率高。故本論文主要研製出高效率單組輸出切換式電源供應器（Switching Power Supply；SPS），所採用之架構主要由兩級電路所組合而成，前級電路為LLC串聯諧振轉換器；後級為同步整流控制器。由於諧振的架構具有零電壓切換（Zero Voltage Switch；ZVS）的特性，可有效的降低切換損失（Switching Loss），進而提昇整機效率。此外後級一般使用二極體當整流器，其中消耗取決於二極體順向電壓參數（一般0.45~0.75V），因此損耗較大，而同步整流則是採用金氧半場效應電晶體（MOSFET），消耗取決於參數（mΩ級）損耗小，兩者之間約相差了4~5%的效率。最後為了實際驗證本論文所提之新型架構，我們實際設計並實作出一部320W同步整流及LLC串聯諧振轉換器，其輸出規格為+12V/26.7A，符合歐盟節能要求中的金牌等級，於115Vac交流電壓輸入下整機效率可達87.38%；230Vac交流電壓輸入下整機效率可高達90.19%。實驗結果顯示同步整流及LLC串聯諧振之設計可供未來節能應用。 Traditional power supplies are big in size, heavy in weight and low in efficiency due to the design is linear mode, this low efficiency converting design is contradicted with current power saving concept, Thus, switching mode design is adopted on past years, with improved efficiency and smaller in size and lighter in weight. This paper is focus on developing a high efficiency single-output switching mode power supply. The architecture of this new designed system is composed of two-stage circuit, which front-end circuit is LLC resonant converter and back-end is synchronous rectifier controller. Since resonant converter has the characteristic of zero voltage switching (ZVS), it can reduce switching loss and then the converting efficiency is improved. Additionally, power consumption of common design using diode as rectifier is decided by forward voltage of the diode, whose value is between 0.45V and 0.75V in general, this will lead more power consumption specially in case of high output current condition. While synchronous rectifier utilizes MOSFET, the power consumption is determined by a variable (mΩ level) this will lead lower power consumption. The improvement of converting efficiency for power supply with synchronous rectifier is about 4%~5%. In order to verify this newly-designed architecture proposed in this paper, a 320W LLC resonant converter with secondary synchronization is completed. It output specification is +12V/26.7A, the PSU can meet gold-class of European Union energy-saving requirements, the converting efficiency is 90.19% under 230Vac input and 87.38% under 115Vac input, Experimented results shows that LLC resonant converter with synchronizer rectifier are suitable for energy-saving concept in the future. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 致　謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章　緒　論 1 1.1　研究背景 1 1.2　切換式電源轉換器種類 3 1.2.1　傳統PWM電力轉換器 3 1.2.2　諧振式電力轉換器 4 1.2.3　柔切式電力轉換器 5 1.3　研究動機 6 1.4　論文大綱 7 第二章　電源供應器系統簡介 8 2.1　電源供應器系統說明 9 2.1.1　EMI濾波器 9 2.1.2　橋式整流器 10 2.1.3　PFC控制器 11 2.1.4　直流對直流轉換器 12 2.1.5　輸出整流器 19 2.1.6　輸出保護電路 21 2.1.7　輔助電源（Standby）電路 22 第三章　LLC諧振式轉換器工作原理 24 3.1　LLC諧振式轉換器的優點 24 3.2　脈波寬度、頻率調變及LLC諧振式轉換器 25 3.3　LLC諧振式轉換器原理介紹 27 3.4　LLC諧振式轉換器之工作原理 30 3.5　TEA1610控制IC介紹 37 第四章　同步整流設計 45 4.1　同步整流工作原理 45 4.2　同步整流基本架構 47 第五章　設計實例 51 5.1　320W電源供應器之方塊說明 51 5.2　OrCAD Pspice模擬 52 5.2.1　輸出+12V（蕭特基二極體） 54 5.2.2　輸出+5V（蕭特基二極體） 55 5.2.3　輸出+3.3V（蕭特基二極體） 56 5.2.4　輸出+12V（金氧半導體場效應電晶體） 57 5.2.5　輸出+5V（金氧半導體場效應電晶體） 58 5.2.6　輸出+3.3V（金氧半導體場效應電晶體） 59 5.3　電源供應器系統之PCB佈局設計 61 5.4　LLC串聯諧振轉換器規格訂定 63 5.4.1　Q1和Q2的選用 63 5.4.2　Q201和Q202的選用 63 5.5　整機照片 64 第六章　實驗量測 66 6.1　LLC串聯諧振轉換器主要波形量測 66 6.2　同步整流主要波形量測 74 6.3　效率分析 78 第七章　結論及未來展望 82 7.1　結論 82 7.2　未來展望 82 參考文獻 83 公式彙編 86 [1] 梁適安譯，高頻交換式電源供應器原理與設計，台北：全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2002。 [2] R. P. Severns, “Topologies for three element resonant converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 89-98, 1992. [3] R. Farrington, M. M. Jovanovic, and F. C. Lee, “Analysis of reactive power in resonant converters,” in Proc. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1992, vol. 1, pp. 197-205. [4] A. K. S. Bhat, “Analysis and design of a modified series resonant converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 423-430, 1993. [5] Chen, Y. T., and W. H. Liu, “Control-loop modeling of the controllable ZVS PWM forward converters using saturable magnetic cores,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. pp. 140-155, 2000. [6] Yang, L. and C. Q. Lee, “Analysis and Design of Boost Zero-Voltage-Transition PWM Converter,” IEEE APEC, pp. 707-713, 1993. [7] H. Jiang, G. Maggetto, and P. Lataire, “Steady-state analysis of the series resonant DC-DC converter in conjunction with loosely coupled transformer-above resonance operation,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 469-480, 1999. [8] J. F. Lazar, and R. Martinelli, “Steady-state analysis of the LLC series resonant converter,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2001, vol. 2 pp. 728-735. [9] B. Yang, F. C. Lee, A. J. Zhang, and G. Huang, “LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 1108-1112. [10] Y. Liang, W. Liu, B. Lu, and J. D. V. Wyk, “Design of integrated passive component for a 1 MHz 1 kW half-bridge LLC resonant converter,” in Proc. Industry Applications Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2223-2228, 2005. [11] M. T. Zhang, M. M. Jovanovic and F. C. Lee, “Design Consideration and Performance Evaluations of Synchronous Rectification in Flyback Converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 538-546, 1998. [12] 林伯仁校訂，交換式電源供應器設計與最佳化，台北：全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2007。 [13] R. Redl and L. Balogh, “Design consideration for single stage isolated power factor corrected power supplies with fast regulation of the output voltage,” in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf., 1995, pp. 454–458. [14] IEC 1000-3-2, “Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Part 3: Limits Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current A per phase),” 1995. [15] WT7507, Power Supply Supervisor, Weltrend Semiconductor, Inc. [16] H. Ota, Y. Minoya, N. Terasawa, K. Kuwabara, S. Igarashi, Y. Nishikawa, and T. Nozawa, “Soft-Switching type Multiple-Chip Power Device (M-Power),” Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, 2001, pp. 373-376. [17] L6562, Transition-Mode PFC Controller, Stmicroelectronics, Inc [18] TNY Switch, Energy Efﬁcient Off-Line Switcher with Enhanced Flexibility and Extended Power Range, Power Integrations, Inc [19] B. Yang, R. Chen, and F. Lee, “Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 346-351. [20] 王順忠譯，電力電子學，台北：東華書局股份有限公司，1998。 [21] Y. Gu, L. Hang, H. Chen, Z. Lu, H. Qian, and J. Li, “A simple structure of LLC resonant DC-DC converter for multi-output applications,” in Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 1485-1490. [22] TEA1610, Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Converter Controller, NXP（Philips）Semiconductors, Inc. [23] G. Y. Jeong, “High Efficiency Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter Using a Self-Driven Synchronous Rectifier,” IET Power Electron., vol. 1, pp. 62-71. Mar 2008. [24] Honglin Pan, Yung C. Liang, and Ramesh Oruganti, “Design of smart power synchronous rectifier,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 14, pp. 308-315, Mar 1999. [25] Wojciech A. Tabisz, Fred C. Lee and Dan Y. Chen, “A MOSFET Resonant Synchronous Rectifier for High-Frequency DC/DC Converters,” pp. 769-779 [26] TEA1791, Green Chip Synchronous Rectifier Controller, NXP（Philips）Semiconductors, Inc. [27] 鄭群星編著，電腦輔助電子電路設計，台北：全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2003。 [28] 王品編著，PADS電路板設計實務，台北：碁峰資訊股份有限公司，2007。 U0006-0307200914065500 董博賢 Po-Hsien Tung 利用楔形體導波探討表面具有感濕膜層的楔形體在濕度變化下的頻散關係 Dispersion Behaviors of Wedge Wave Propagating in Wedges with Hygroscopic Film in Various Humidities. 楊哲化碩士國立台北科技大學製造科技研究所 96568026 97 98 中文 70 楔形體導波反對稱模態膜層頻散關係有限元素分析 Wedge wave ASF mode coating dispersion finite element analysis 楔型體導波(Wedge wave，WW)是沿著楔型體尖端傳播的一種彈性波，且能量集中在離楔形體頂端大約一個波長的範圍內，而在反對稱模態中的楔形體導波則稱為ASF（Anti-Symmetric Flexural）模態。過去的研究發現，對於楔形體頂端附近具有膜層時，ASF模態的傳播行為會受到膜層表面波波速快慢的影響。並利用感測膜層吸附待感測物所產生的變化，研究其ASF模態的傳播行為，作為開發ASF感測器的物理機制的可能性。在研究中顯示，當膜層具有極低的E值時，在頻段下頻散關係會急遽變化，得知隨膜層單位面積上的質量增加波速下降點之頻率有提早的趨勢。具有膜層之楔形體導波有此質量負載效應，證明易受到周遭環境變化而影響其波傳速度故可推廣至感測器上應用。本研究將利用楔形體導波受膜層性質影響的物理現象作為感測器基礎原理，期望開發新型的ASF溼度感測器，並利用雷射超音波量測技術與有限元素數值分析來探討具有膜層楔形體之頻散關係。研究內容包括不同材料楔形體(黃銅與鋁)、感測膜層聚乙烯醇以及楔型體幾何結構(30°和40°)，並且模擬感測器上吸附層之材料性質，探討膜層上因質量負載效應所產生的密度變化對WW頻散曲線之影響和對ASF感測器的靈敏度影響進行分析。 Anti-symmetric flexural (ASF) modes are anti-symmetric type of guided waves propagating along the tip of wedge-shaped waveguides. This paper describes a combined finite element method (FEM) and laser ultrasound technique (LUT) on the dispersion behaviors of ASF modes propagating along wedge tips with a layer of coating on one of the wedge’s surfaces. In truncation-free wedges, the ASF mode dispersion spectra are dispersion-free. When the wedge is coated with a layer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), it is found that phase velocity of an ASF mode for the coated wedge (CW) starts at the ASF mode of the same order for the matrix wedge at lower frequency regime, and gradually influenced by the coating with increasing frequency. Especially, phenomena can be observed for ASF modes in the CW with environment factor. PVA is a hydrophilic material. Various with humidity can alter resonance because of mass loading effect. Dispersion curve is discovered to shift downward when enhance moisture. The numerical results also show the relationship as those from measurements. 目錄中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究背景 2 1.3 文獻回顧 3 1.4 研究動機 5 1.5 研究目標 6 1.6 研究方法 7 第二章實驗量測 8 2.1試片處理 8 2.2實驗架設 11 2.3雷射超波技術 12 2.3.1 超音波訊號的激發 12 2.3.2 超音波訊號的接收 13 2.3.3 線性傳動和訊號處理 15 2.4溼度控制 16 第三章有限元素分析 20 3.1有限元素分析法 20 3.2分析軟體 21 3.3分析程序 21 3.3.1 模型建立和材料參數 21 3.3.2 邊界條件 22 3.3.3 網格切割 23 3.4分析方法 24 3.5特殊情況分析 25 第四章結果與討論 27 4.1表面不具膜層之楔形體 27 4.1.1 實驗量測 27 4.1.2 有限元素分析 32 4.2表面具有金屬膜層之楔形體 36 4.2.1 實驗量測 36 4.2.2 有限元素分析 39 4.3感測器特性模擬 41 4.3.1 感測器靈敏度特性模擬 41 4.3.2 膜層質量負載效應模擬 41 4.4表面具有感濕膜層之楔形體 43 4.4.1 實驗量測 43 4.4.2 有限元素分析 46 4.5濕度變化對表面具有感濕膜層之楔體形體其頻散關係影響 47 4.5.1 實驗量測 47 4.5.2 有限元素分析 52 4.6膜厚變化對表面具有感濕膜層之楔體形體其頻散關係影響 54 4.6.1 實驗量測 54 4.6.2 有限元素分析 54 4.7表面具有感濕膜層之楔形體其頻散關係對溼度的重現性 59 第五章結論 66 參考文獻 67 附錄 A 溼度感測材料分類 70 參考文獻 [1] Sauerbrey. G.Z., "Verwendung von Schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner Schichten und zur Mikrowägung," Z. Phys, Vol. 155, 1959, pp. 206-222. 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U0006-0307200914470400 朱彥魁 Yen-Kuei Chu 工作於一萬五仟伏特的新型高速固態切換器之研究及設計 Study and Design of a Novel High Speed Solid-State Switch Operated at 15kV 賴柏洲碩士國立台北科技大學電子電腦與通訊產業研發碩士專班 96e18005 97 98 英文 81 脈衝重複頻率脈衝形成網金氧半場效電晶體高速固態切換器絕緣閘雙極型電晶體。 Pulse Forming Networks Pulse Repetition Frequency High Speed Solid-State Switch Metal Oxide Semiconductors Field Effect Transistor Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. 今日有許多裝置針對脈衝重複頻率(PRF)調變所發展並工作於脈衝形成網(PFN)。本論文係探究一種新型運用金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET)所研製之能工作於高電壓中之高速固態切換器，其適用於PRF電路。此型切換器高速動作是穩定且速度優於其他型式(如:使用絕緣閘雙極型電晶體，IGBT)，並對PRF具有三種主要優勢。首先能工作於極高電壓的環境(如:上一萬五千伏特)。其次是具有極佳的運作效率(如:高速切換效能)以改善電晶體效益。再者能廣泛運用於通訊、軍事或太空科學(如: PRF雷達系統) ，生物醫學科技(如:質譜儀、核磁共振儀)及電器工程(如:雷射系統)等。 There are many kinds of devices operating at Pulse Forming Networks (PFNs) for high Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) modulation today. This thesis is going to discuss a novel high speed solid-state switch utilizing Metal Oxide Semiconductors Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) suitable to use in PRF circuits. This switch is more stable and compared to the others (e.g. utilizing IGBT, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor etc.) is faster. There are three major benefits to PRF from this device. The first is operated in extreme ultra-high voltage (e.g. over fifteen kilo voltage, 15kV). The second is improved transistor performance, with excellent operating parameters (e.g. fast output transition time, pulse width). The third is a wide range of applications in communication, military or space science (e.g. PRF radar systems), biotechnology (e.g. Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and electrical engineering (e.g. laser systems) etc. Abstract in Chinese...................................i Abstract.............................................ii Acknowledgement.....................................iii Contents.............................................iv List of Figures......................................vi List of Tables.....................................viii Chapter 1 Introduction................................1 1.1 Background and Framework..........................1 1.2 Definition of PRF.................................2 Chapter 2 Key of Utilizing Power MOSFETs..............5 2.1 The MOSFET as an Amplifier and as a Switch........5 2.1.1 Operation as a linear amplifier.................5 2.1.2 Operation as a Switch...........................7 2.2 MOS Power Transistors.............................8 2.3 Breakdown Voltage................................10 2.4 On-Resistance....................................11 2.5 Transconductance.................................12 2.6 Threshold Voltage................................13 2.7 Diode Forward Voltage............................13 2.8 Characteristics of Power MOSFETs.................14 Chapter 3 Dynamic Performances and Characteristics...26 3.1 Dynamic Performances.............................26 3.1.1 Turn-On Switching..............................27 3.1.2 Turn-Off Switching.............................27 3.2 Flyback Voltages.................................27 3.3 Power Dissipation................................28 Chapter 4 Resistance-Inductance-Capacitance Connected in Alternating Current Circuitry...........30 4.1 RLC Series Circuits..............................30 4.2 Series Resonant Circuits.........................31 4.3 RLC Parallel Circuits............................32 4.4 Parallel Resonant Circuits.......................32 Chapter 5 Experiment Exploration.....................35 5.1 Experimental Fabrication.........................36 5.1.1 Experimental Schematic.........................36 5.1.2 Experimental Apparatus.........................38 5.2 Dynamic Performances Experiment..................38 5.2.1 Experiment at 6.5kV............................39 5.2.2 Experiment at 14kV.............................46 5.3 Discussions......................................55 Chapter 6 Conclusion.................................77 References...........................................78 CV of Yen-Kuei Chu ...................................81 [1] M. 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U0006-0307200915544600 華人輝 Ren-Huei Hua 熱泵系統運用於熱水系統的最佳化設計 Optimization of Heat Pump System in Heating Water System 李文興碩士國立台北科技大學能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班 96458512 97 98 中文 48 最佳化熱泵 Excel Optimizatio Heat Pump Excel 本研究利用熱泵系統從大氣吸取熱量來加熱水系統，建造用於可提供熱水需求的熱水加熱系統，減少和取代設置大量耗能的熱水鍋爐，並降低運轉成本且達到節能減碳的目的。在大型熱水系統中配置熱泵系統，往往不知該如何適當的搭配設備的需求大小，幾乎都是憑著許多經驗的累積或是設計過大的儀器來運用，使得有些設備並沒有在運轉效率和成本最佳的情況下的使用，並花費了許多不必要的裝設成本以及運轉的費用。在本文中，以Microsoft Excel的規劃求解來尋找最佳化設定，並以生命週期成本為目標函數，以熱泵配置的大小以及儲水桶大小的比例及加熱系統元件的配置大小為變數，來設計系統搭配的最佳化。經由假設的案例結果分析得知，所發展出來的設備容量大小為最佳化模式下，有最佳解之一致性及收斂性上有良好的表現，並可成功應用於不同使用負載條件下的熱泵加熱系統設計。 In this research, we utilize heat pump system, which can absorb thermal energy from atmosphere, to heat up the water system. In addition, this system, which can cause appropriate supply of power for consumers and cut the operating cost for the purpose of energy conservation and carbon reduction, is designed to substitute for the traditional energy-consuming hot-water boiler. Equipping with heat pump system in large-scale thermal water system, we frequently wonder how to design for fitting the size of the main instrument. Even with the accumulation of experience or oversized fabrication designs, many systems are doomed to optimize poorly between operating and cost efficiencies; that is, those charge us more for unnecessary assembly and operating expenses. In this thesis statement, we derived the best solution to the optimization from the Microsoft Excel program by regarding life-cycle costing as objective function, viewing sizes of heat pump system, water tanks and devices for heating system as variable functions respectively. Analyzing simulation results of assumptions, we acquired that the heat pump system design of the optimized model, with unity and convergence of the best solution, can work as well under different loading conditions. 目錄摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 vi 第一章緒論 1 1.1前言 1 1.2文獻回顧 2 1.3研究目的 3 1.4本文架構 4 第二章系統之元件介紹 5 2.1熱泵系統 6 2.1.1熱泵系統循環 6 2.1.2熱泵循環 6 2.1.3熱泵的種類及特性 8 2.1.4熱泵的優點 11 2.2儲水槽設計 12 2.3輔助加熱系統 13 第三章系統參數設定及各元件數學模型分析 14 3.1熱水系統條件的設定 14 3.2用戶使用流量 14 3.3熱泵系統計算 15 3.4儲水桶能量計算 15 3.5儲水桶輸出流量計算 16 3.6輔助加熱計算 16 3.7生命週期成本 17 第四章 Microsoft Excel求解最佳化 19 4.1 Excel概述 19 4.1.1 限制規劃的簡介與應用 20 4.2最佳化概述 21 4.2.1建立最佳化設計問題的數學模型 22 4.2.2設計變數、參數及常數 22 第五章結果與討論 24 5.1研究方法 24 5.1.1計算流程 24 5.1.2步驟與流程 25 5.1.3數值模擬說明 25 5.2數值模擬分析 28 5.2.1不同使用端負載條件之比較 28 5.2.2探討生命週期變化之情形 28 5.3數值模擬最佳化 41 第六章結論與建議 44 6.1結論 44 6.2建議 45 參考文獻 46 符號彙編 47 1. Renato M. Lazzarin and Giovanni A. Longot, “Comparison of Heat Recovery Systems in Public Indoor Swimming Pools,” Applied Thermal Engineering., Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 561-570, 1996. 2. Joseph C. Lam, Wilco W. Chan, “Energy performance of air-to-water and water-to-water heat pumps in hotel applications,” Energy Conversion and Management., vol.44, pp. 1625-1631,2003. 3. Zaidi,J.H, and Howell, R.H, “Energy use and heat recovery in water-loop heat pump,variable-air-volume, four-pipe fan coil, and reheat HVAC systems: part-I,”ASHRAE Transactions,Vol.99,Part-2,pp.13~28,1993. 4. 沈英章，「能源節約明日之星－熱泵」，電機月刊第七卷第六期，1997年。 5. Hiller,Carl C., “Daul-tank water-heating systems options,”ASHRAE transactions，Vol.102,parti,pp.1028-1037,1996. 6. Hiller,Carl C., “Water heater first-hour rating vs. in-field performance,”ASHRAE transactions，Vol.102, parti, pp.1054-1057,1996. 7. Akidge,James M.,and Dennis Keebaugh, “An investigation of off peak domestic hot water heating,”ASHRAE Journal,pp.32~38,1990. 8. 宋炎明，熱泵系統應用於室內游泳池之性能分析，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學冷凍空調工程系，台北，2006。 9. 龔仲寬，粒子族群演算法於室內溫水游泳池熱泵系統的最佳化分析設計，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學冷凍空調工程系，台北，2007。 10. 財團法人台灣綠色生產力基金會，「熱泵熱水系統Q&A節能技術手冊」 11. 張若怡，運用限制規劃求解氣體配送途程問題，碩士論文，國立成功大學交通管理科學系，台南，2007 U0006-0307200917112101 游智翔 Zhi-Jiang You 聚乳酸/聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯/甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯掺合體之結晶行為及物性探討 Study of Crystallization Behavior and Physical Properties of PLA/PTT/MBS System 程耀毅碩士國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所 96518052 97 98 中文 105 聚乳酸聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯等溫結晶動力學熱性質機械性質 PTT PLLA MBS Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics thermal properties mechanical propertier 本實驗利用有機環保高分子-左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)以及新型紡織高分子材料-聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)和耐衝擊改質劑甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(MBS)，以熔融混煉的方式混成含有不同比例之摻混物。熱重損失分析儀(TGA)觀察到隨著PTT與MBS的增加，其熱殘餘量與裂解溫度也隨之提高。微分掃描熱卡計(DSC)非等溫實驗中可看出PLA隨著MBS的加入Tg往低溫移動，PTT的Tg與冷結晶隨著MBS的加入而消失;等溫結晶實驗中可發現MBS的加入使PTT結晶速率變快，Avrami成核指數n在MBS 5 phr時候有最大值。另外從X光繞射儀(XRD)看出MBS的加入對PLA及PTT 特徵峰的消長，並計算出掺合體隨著MBS的加入熔融結晶的結晶度明顯下降。在形態學方面，我們利用電子掃描顯微鏡(SEM)觀察摻合體相容性，並用偏光顯微鏡(POM)來觀察融熔結晶加入MBS後的改變。在機械性質部份，PLA富含相中隨著MBS的加入抗張強度下降、拉升長度上升;PTT富含相中隨著MBS的加入抗張強度下降且拉升長度也下降;PTT/PLA=50/50成份中隨著MBS加入除了抗張強度下降之外，拉升長度也下降，甚至比純PLA拉升長度更低。 In this study, organic environmental polymer (PLLA) and new-type textile polymer (PTT) and impact modifier MBS were melt-mixed in brabender. Thermal gravimetric (TGA) result shows the residue and weight lose temperature will improve with the increase of PTT and MBS. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) nonisothermal experiment can find PLA glass temperature were shift to low temperature when MBS added. PTT glass temperature and cold crystallization were disappear when MBS added. From isothermal-crystallization analysis, the crystallization rate of PTT were increase when MBS added. The value of Avrami exponent n has maximum when MBS was 5 phr. X-ray diffraction (XRD) observing the characteristic peaks growth and decline, showed that the degree of crystallinity of blend were descend when MBS added. We also used scanning electron microscopy(SEM), polarized-light microscopy (POM) to observe the morphology of each blend. Under the POM, the results clearly show the different morphology of melt and cold crystallization. In PLA-rich blend,tensile strength were descrease and elongation increase when MBS added.In PTT-rich blend and PLA/PTT 50/50, tensile strength and elongation were both descrease when MBS added. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 總目錄 iv 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 高分子摻混系統 3 1.3 研究背景 7 1.4 研究目的 12 第二章文獻回顧 14 2.1 玻璃轉移溫度 14 2.2 Avrami equation 15 2.3 高分子結晶速率 16 2.4 晶體成長 17 2.5 區型轉移 20 2.6 多熔融峰行為 23 2.7 結晶熱力學方程式 25 2.8 X-ray繞射理論 27 2.9 高分子機械性質28 第三章實驗 32 3.1 實驗材料 32 3.2 實驗儀器 33 3.3 複材配方表 34 3.4 實驗方法 34 (1) 試樣製作 34 (2) TGA分析 34 (3) POM分析 35 (4) SEM分析 35 (5) XRD分析 35 (6) DSC分析 35 (7)拉伸測試36 3.5 實驗流程37 第四章結果與討論 38 4.1 TGA分析 38 4.2 非等溫結晶行為探討 40 4.2.1 玻璃轉移溫度及冷結晶 40 4.2.2 非等溫融熔結晶行為 41 4.3 等溫結晶行為探討 50 4.3.1 單一組成不同結晶溫度之等溫結晶行為 50 4.3.2 Avrami equation 50 4.3.3 等溫結晶下的結晶度 51 4.3.4 平衡熔點 51 4.3.5 Hoffman-Lauritzen -晶體成長速率與成核參數分析 52 4.3.6 板晶厚度 53 4.4 SEM觀察 68 4.5 廣角X-Ray繞射圖分析 74 4.5.1 冷(cold crystallization)結晶觀察 74 4.5.2 融熔(Melt crystallization)結晶觀察 75 4.5.3 廣角X光繞射圖譜總體結晶率的計算 75 4.6 偏光顯微鏡觀察 82 4.6.1 偏光顯微鏡觀察純PTT部分 82 4.6.2 偏光顯微鏡觀察純PLA部分 83 4.7 抗拉強度分析94 第五章結論 99 參考文獻 102 附錄 105 1. 林建中；高分子化學原理，歐亞書局有限公司(2001) 2. 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Doi, Polymer 41 (2000) 5985-5992 U0006-0307200917254900 蔡岳昇 Yue-Sheng Tsai 聚醯亞胺/非共價性改質多壁奈米碳管之奈米材料的性質探討 Preparation and Characterization of Polyimide/Non-covalent modified Multi-wall Carbon nanotubes Composites. 程耀毅碩士國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所 96518009 97 98 中文 71 聚醯亞胺多壁奈米碳管奈米複合材料 Polyimide Multi-wall carbon nanotubes Nanocomposite 本研究係針對高分子材料PI藉由奈米碳管的加入，降低其表面電阻並增加導電度，主要是利用奈米碳管作為導電材料導入高分子中，藉以降低PI的電阻和增加其抗靜電的能力，期望達到electrostatic charge (ESC) criterion of thin films (1×108 Ω-cm ) 的標準。本實驗以聚醯胺酸加入多壁奈米碳管並攪拌(Blending)，製備不同比例的PI-奈米碳管複合材料，並探討PI與奈米碳管的相溶性。本研究中將分別添加未改質奈米碳管和改質奈米碳管二個部份來探討。本實驗利用傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀（FTIR）及雷曼光譜儀(Raman)來鑑定化學結構，熱重損失分析儀（TGA）探討複材的熱穩定性質，萬能試驗機(Universal Test Machine)來測定複材的機械性質，超絕緣儀(super megohmmeter)測複材的導電性，以及以穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)和掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察複材的剖面型態及相容性。改質碳管的部份由FTIR及Raman的結果可知碳管改質是成功的；複材方面，PI-改質奈米碳管複材於TGA熱分析的結果顯示PI的熱穩定性是以0.6wt%的效果最佳，而複材導電性由結果顯示亦是隨著碳管比例的提升而提升，其中碳管含量在1.5wt%時達到了抗靜電1×108 Ω-cm的標準，相容性由TEM、SEM顯示，改質過後的碳管比未改質的碳管相容性較佳。 In this research, we expect to increase conductivity of PI by adding carbon nanotubes. It is mainly because that the carbon nanotubes can reduce resistivity and increase antistatic ability of PI to reach electrostatic charge (ESC) criterion of thin films (1×108 Ω-cm). We have prepared PI-carbon nanotubes composites with different percentage by blending to study the miscibility of carbon nanotubes with PI. In this study, the effect of unmodified MWNTs and modified MWNTs with PI were also discussed. The structure of modified MWNTs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Raman spectrometer. The thermal properties of PI-MWNTs nanocomposites were analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties and hardness of PI-MWNTs nanocomposites were tested by Universal Test Machine. The electrical conductivity properties of PI-MWNTs nanocomposites were obtained by Super Megohmmeter. The morphology and dispersion of PI-MWNTs nanocomposites were observed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We concluded that MWNTs were modified successfully from FTIR and Raman observations. The TGA results indicated that the adding MWNTs at 0.6% thermal stability of PI-modified MWNTs nanocomposites were improved most. The electrical conductivity property of PI-modified MWNTs nanocomposites were also increased by adding MWNTs. The electrostatic charge (ESC) criterion of thin films could be achieved when modified-MWNTs nanocomposites was added about 1.8wt%. The results of TEM and SEM indicated that the compatibility of modified-MWNTs nanocomposites was better than that of the unmodified-MWNTs nanocomposites. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機 3 第二章文獻回顧 4 2-1聚醯亞胺的發展簡介 4 2-1-1影響聚醯胺酸分子量的因素 5 2-1-2聚醯亞胺的分類 6 2-1-3聚亞醯胺的特性 7 2-2奈米碳管的簡介 8 2-2-1奈米碳管的結構與特性 9 2-2-2 奈米碳管的合成與製備 11 2-2-2(a) 電弧放電法(arc discharge) 12 2-2-2(b) 雷射蒸發法(laser ablation) 13 2-2-2(c) 化學氣相沉積法(chemical vapor deposition) 14 2-2-3 奈米碳管的改質 17 2-2-3 (a) 缺陷位置(Defect-group)官能基化 17 2-2-3 (b) 共價管壁(Sidewall covalent)官能基化 19 2-2-3 (c) 界面活性劑分散19 2-2-3 (d) 高分子表面包覆改質19 2-3有機-無機混合材料 21 2-4聚醯亞胺-奈米碳管複合材料之發展與現況23 第三章實驗設備與步驟 24 3-1實驗藥品 24 3-2實驗儀器 26 3-3實驗配方簡稱與全名27 3-4實驗流程 28 3-4-1 多壁奈米碳管的改質28 3-4-2 PI/Na-AHA複合材料的製備29 3-4-3 PI/奈米碳管複合材料的製備30 3-5實驗步驟 31 3-5-1 改質多壁奈米碳管(Modify MWNTs)31 3-5-2 PI/奈米碳管複合材料的製備 32 3-6分析試片的製備 33 第四章結果與討論 36 4-1 FTIR與Raman光譜分析 36 4-1-1 FTIR 36 4-1-2 Raman 36 4-2 複合材料的FTIR光譜分析 38 4-3熱重損失分析(TGA) 41 4-4型態分析 45 4-4-1 TEM 45 4-4-2 SEM 54 4-5電性測試分析 59 4-6機械性質分析 63 第五章結論66 第六章未來工作67 參考文獻 68 [1] S Iijima, “Helical Microtubules of Graphitic Carbon,” Nature, 354, pp.56 (1991). 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CCC 0021-8995/97/131741-06 [56]曾志雄，以熔融法製備聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯/多壁奈米碳管複合材料之性質研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所，台北，2008。 U0006-0307200918073000 張詠証 Yung-Cheng Chang 奈米黏土於絕熱材料配方之分散加工及耐燃特性研究 Investigation of dispersion and flame retardant of insulating maaterial/clay nanocomposites 程耀毅碩士國立台北科技大學有機高分子研究所 96518050 97 98 中文 73 熔融插層法奈米複合材料熱性質層間距 melt intercalation nanocomposite thermal property d-spacing 本研究利用熔融插層法之混煉方法製備EPDM/Kevlar/organoclay/Mg(OH)2奈米複合材料，在此研究中，第一部分使用塑譜儀以熔融插層法製備EPDM/organoclay複材，接著將Kevlar與EPDM/organoclay做充分混煉，製成EPDM/Kevlar/organoclay奈米複材，並探討奈米黏土對於複材其結構、機械性質、熱性質、物理性質之影響，第二部分則是將Mg(OH)2添加於奈米複材EPDM/Kevlar/organoclay中，並探討Mg(OH)2對複材結構與熱性質之影響。使用x-ray繞射儀及TEM觀察複合材料內黏土的奈米級結構層與複材型態，利用萬能試驗機來測量機械性質變化，並測量其比重、硬度等物理性質、至於熱性質方面，則以TGA、LOI、氧乙炔焰流試驗為主。由XRD得知，黏土在奈米複材中可以有良好的分散性，且clay矽酸鹽層之層間距有被高分子鏈撐大的現象，奈米黏土已在橡膠材料中被打開且均勻的分散，這現象在TEM可以得到進一步的證實。TGA測試結果也顯示，添加奈米黏土對複合材料的熱性質有所幫助，這是因為奈米黏土在複材中以片狀的分散，而使得熱傳遞的路徑得以延長，使複材的熱性質有所提昇。由拉伸測試結果得知，奈米黏土的添加也對複材的機械性質有所幫助。另外，Mg(OH)2的加入，也使奈米複材的熱性質有極大的改善。 In this study, the EPDM/Kevlar/Organoclay/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation. In the research, the first part is prepared EPDM/Organoclay nanocomposites by melt-blended in brabender, and then add Kevlar to produre EPDM/Organoclay nanocomposites to get EPDM/Kevlar/Organoclay nanocomposites. We investigate the effect of structure, mechanical properties, thermal properties and physical properties of organoclay in the EPDM/Kevlar/Organoclay nanocomposites. The second part is to add Mg(OH)2 into EPDM/Kevlar/Organoclay nanocomposites, then to study its structure and thermal properties. This experiment will use X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the dispersion and morphology of clay in nanocomposites. The universal testing mechine is used to get machanical properties. Then we measure the specific gravity and hardness, and use Thermogravimentriic Analyzer (TGA), LOI and Oxyacetylene Torch Test to measure the thermal properties. The results of XRD and TEM showed the silicate layers of the clay were exfoliated and dispersed in the rubber. The results of TGA and tensile test show that when we add nano organoclay to EPDM/Kevlar composite, the nanocomposites exhibit improvement in thermal and mechanical properties. After we add Mg(OH)2, the nanocomposites have great improvement in thermal properties. 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 橡膠之概述 3 1.2.1 橡膠的介紹及特性 3 1.2.2 三元乙丙橡膠的介紹及特性 5 1.3 交聯劑 7 1.4 氫氧化鎂 7 1.5 克維拉纖維 8 1.6 黏土概論 9 1.6.1 黏土的介紹及種類 9 1.6.2 黏土的有機化改質 10 1.7 高分子的介紹 12 1.8 高分子/黏土奈米複合材料 13 1.9 研究動機 15 第二章文獻回顧 17 2.1 EPDM/OMMT奈米複合材料 17 2.2 EPDM/EPDM-g-MA/OMMT奈米複合材料 18 2.3 EPDM/金屬氫氧化物奈米複合材料 20 第三章實驗部份 22 3.1實驗藥品 22 3.2實驗儀器 24 3.3實驗步驟 26 3.3.1 奈米複材製備 26 3.3.2 奈米複材之配方表 27 3.3.3 實驗流程 28 3.4材料分析與原理 29 第四章結果與討論 35 4.1 OMMT與EK/OMMT之X-Ray Diffraction分析 35 4.2 EK/OMMT與EK/OMMT/Mg(OH)2之TEM分析 38 4.3 EK/OMMT與EK/OMMT/Mg(OH)2之拉伸測試分析 44 4.4 EK/OMMT之物理性質分析 54 4.5 EK/OMMT之交聯密度測試 55 4.6 EK/OMMT與EK/OMMT/Mg(OH)2之熱性質分析 57 4.7 EK/OMMT與EK/OMMT/Mg(OH)2之燃燒性質分析 62 4.7.1 氧乙炔焰流燒蝕測試 62 4.7.2 LOI測試 65 第五章結論 67 參考文獻 69 1.N. Kubotta, “Survey of Rocket Propellant and Their Combustion Characteristics,” in “Fundamentals of Solid Propellant Combustion,” K. K. Kuo etd. AIAA Inc., N. K.,p.22(1984) 2.R. 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In global shipping amount; have over 90% been designed and produced by Taiwan''s OEM/ODM. To provide the product of meeting customer requirement on time can help customer uccessfully occupy market share. This paper utilize the method of quality function deployment (QFD 1—5) to assist ODM quickly grasping customer requirement at the initial of product development then systematically transfer these requirement to technical require, parts design, process and production plan. Make ODM resource be properly distributed and the goal be set. Specially; In QFD fifth phase to purchasing, outside the committee and producing the part to get all the materials plan and manage. To use QFD 1—5 combine TRIZ method develop the process structure of solving management, communication conflict, which exist between R&D team. It effectively solve the problem occurring in QFD 1—5 phase via TRIZ 40 principles. This paper Notebook MB development case study conclusion; In QFD 1—5 combining TRIZ solve the problem management and communication conflict existing product development team. We get most common TRIZ innovation principles as: 10 Preliminary action (prevention), 18 Mechanical vibration (concurrent & coordination), 32 Optical changes (increase transparency). These fit the concept new product development must include error prevention, conduct concurrent, enhances control the capacity index of vendor, which include quality, cost, delivery and service. The method QFD combining TRIZ provide a systematic conflict problem solving process and structure, which provide useful innovation principle and help manager solve these problem. 摘　要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 3 1.2 研究目的 7 1.3 研究範圍與限制 12 1.4 研究步驟與流程 13 第二章文獻探討 14 2.1 筆記型電腦產業 14 2.1.1 筆記型電腦之定義與產品特性 14 2.1.2 筆記型電腦產業發展概況 15 2.1.3 筆記型電腦之產品設計流程 18 2.1.4 筆記型電腦 PCB與設計趨勢 19 2.2 Quality Function Deployment (QFD) 21 2.2.1 QFD 起源發展 21 2.2.2 QFD的意義 23 2.2.3 QFD 五階段展開的應用步驟 28 2.2.4 品質機能展開之相關研究 31 2.3 TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch) 33 2.3.1 創新性問題解決理論(TRIZ)的起源與發展 33 2.3.2 TRIZ 的理論 34 2.3.3 TRIZ應用於解決衝突矛盾之方法 38 2.3.4 TRIZ之國內相關研究文獻 40 2.3.5 TRIZ 在管理上的應用 44 2.3.6 TRIZ與QFD的整合應用 55 2.4 文獻探討總結與思考 60 第三章研究方法 62 3.1 五階段品質機能展開 63 3.1.1 第一階段品質機能展開 63 3.1.2 第二階段品質機能展開 69 3.1.3 第三階段品質機能展開 71 3.1.4 第四階段品質機能展開 72 3.1.5 第五階段品質機能展開 73 3.2 TRIZ 之管理矛盾參數 75 3.2.1 TRIZ之管理矛盾參數與矩陣表 75 3.3 利用TRIZ解決五階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 79 3.3.1 TRIZ解決第一階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 79 3.3.2 TRIZ解決第二階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 83 3.3.3 TRIZ解決第三階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 86 3.3.4 TRIZ解決第四階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 88 3.3.5 TRIZ解決第五階段品質機能展開中之矛盾 90 3.4 創新構思問題解決法(TRIZ)應用之總結 93 第四章案例研究與分析 94 4.1 利用TRIZ解決I/O連接器排列設計圖面數多之問題 94 4.2 利用TRIZ解決PCB排版利用率問題 97 4.3 利用TRIZ解決PCB設計作業程序中的設計檔案釋出問題 100 4.4 利用TRIZ解決組裝測試問題 103 4.5 利用TRIZ解決PCB板廠問題回應速度 106 4.6 成果彙整 109 第五章結論與未來發展 112 5.1 研究結論 114 5.2 未來研究建議 115 參考文獻 117 [1] 黃怡瑄，「產業前瞻_台灣筆記型電腦產業現況與未來發展趨勢」，資策會MIC ，2008/07/03。 [2] 徐秀琴，劉維新，「代工困境台灣產業轉型的迷思」，台灣社會年會，台北，2006，第1-3頁。 [3] 水野滋，赤尾洋二，品質機能展開，台北：前程企業管理公司，1987，第38頁。 [4] 洪永杰，TRIZ 理論與應用簡介，元智大學，2004。 [5] M. 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